The Library
1664 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1501–1600 of 1664, newest first.
2017
The Cobas 4800 HPV test detected high-grade pre-cancerous cervical lesions in self-collected vaginal samples with the same sensitivity as clinician-taken cervical samples at 92.8 per cent, while urine self-sampling achieved a lower sensitivity of 76.3 per cent, supporting vaginal self-sampling as a viable decentralised alternative to clinic-based cervical screening.
Vaginal and Urine Self-sampling Compared to Cervical Sampling for HPV-testing with the Cobas 4800 HPV Test — Asciutto et al., Anticancer research (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2017
After 15 years of room-temperature storage, dried blood spots showed substantial degradation of polar metabolites with only one remaining statistically significant, whereas 36 lipids remained stable and correlated with matched serum samples. This indicates DBS may be viable for long-term lipid studies but unreliable for polar metabolite analysis in longitudinal decentralised research.
Comparing identified and statistically significant lipids and polar metabolites in 15-year old serum and dried blood spot samples for longitudinal studies — Kyle et al., Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2017
Untargeted metabolomics using volumetric absorptive microsampling showed the highest polar metabolite recovery with an acetonitrile and water extraction (70:30), while basic conditions introduced intracellular artefacts from lysed red blood cells. Room-temperature storage and extended drying altered metabolite stability, whereas storage at -80 °C preserved the metabolome for up to six months.
Pre-analytic evaluation of volumetric absorptive microsampling and integration in a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics workflow — Volani et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- metabolome
2017
Self-collected saliva from pregnant women showed that high prenatal cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase were associated with increased negative emotionality in female infants but decreased negative emotionality in male infants at two months. This demonstrates that home-based saliva collection can capture biomarkers relevant to infant developmental outcomes, supporting decentralised research into early-life programming.
Associations between biological markers of prenatal stress and infant negative emotionality are specific to sex — Braithwaite et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology · source ↗
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2017
Volumetric absorptive microsampling was qualified to quantify tacrolimus across a clinically relevant range with acceptable linearity, precision and extraction recovery despite haematocrit variation, but samples should be stored at -25 degrees Celsius to avoid loss of recovery at ambient or refrigerated temperatures.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling device for quantification of tacrolimus in human blood as a model drug of high blood cell partition — Kita & Mano, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2017
In a sample of 1113 young men who have sex with men, 15.1% tested positive for any STI, 13.0% for rectal STI and 3.4% for urethral STI; rectal chlamydia was more common than rectal gonorrhoea and rectal infections were associated with black race and condomless receptive anal sex with casual partners. The findings support the use of self-collected samples to expand STI testing access in decentralised settings.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Rectal and Urethral Sexually Transmitted Infections From Self-Collected Samples Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in the Keep It Up! 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial — Mustanski et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled) · source ↗
- dct
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2017
The Trovagene HPV test on self-collected urine samples showed sensitivity only modestly lower than on clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting high-grade cervical lesions, with 82.6% overall agreement between the two matrices. This patient-centric approach could improve screening coverage among women who do not attend for cervical screening, though the study's referral-population setting warrants validation in a general screening cohort.
Performance and Diagnostic Accuracy of a Urine-Based Human Papillomavirus Assay in a Referral Population — Cuzick et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2017
Healthy adults with low-to-moderate childhood adversity showed lower morning cortisol and a blunted diurnal cortisol slope when sampling saliva at home over two days. This suggests even modest early-life stress may alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, potentially predisposing individuals to stress-related disease.
Blunted Diurnal Cortisol Activity in Healthy Adults with Childhood Adversity — Kuras et al., Frontiers in human neuroscience · source ↗
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2017
Volumetric absorptive microsampling with the Mitra device enables accurate, reproducible quantification of circulating protein biomarkers from a 10 µL finger-prick blood sample, with extraction recovery of 100–111% across haematocrit levels and stable peptide responses after 22 weeks at -80°C. The automated mass spectrometry workflow reproducibly detected 1661 peptides from 423 proteins, correlating with plasma measurements, which supports remote, personalised disease monitoring.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling for robust, high-throughput mass spectrometric quantification of circulating protein biomarkers — van den Broek et al., Clinical mass spectrometry (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2017
Self-collected dried blood spots from finger-pricks demonstrated high diagnostic agreement with venous blood for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis screening, with sensitivity of 90-100% and specificity of 99-100%. The method proved acceptable to men who have sex with men, 80% of whom would use it again, indicating DBS can support decentralised STI testing in outreach settings.
Screening for HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis on dried blood spots: A promising method to better reach hidden high-risk populations with self-collected sampling — van Loo et al., PloS one · source ↗
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2017
Dried blood spot sampling demonstrated good agreement with venepuncture for tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, requiring no conversion formula, while creatinine needed a simple conversion factor. The method can replace conventional venous sampling for immunosuppressant monitoring in kidney transplant recipients, enabling home-based self-collection.
Clinical Validation of Simultaneous Analysis of Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine A, and Creatinine in Dried Blood Spots in Kidney Transplant Patients — Veenhof et al., Transplantation (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2017
A VAMS-LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measuring four antibiotics in 10 microlitres of human blood, showing that VAMS provided accurate quantification unaffected by haematocrit, unlike dried blood spots. The method was applied to paediatric patient samples, supporting its use for therapeutic drug monitoring in children.
Volumetric adsorptive microsampling-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of four antibiotics in human blood: Method development, validation and comparison with dried blood spot — Barco et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2017
BRCA2 mutation carriers had AMH levels around one third lower than low-risk control women, indicating reduced ovarian reserve in this group and supporting the use of self-collected dried blood spots for fertility hormone assessment in decentralised settings.
Antimüllerian hormone levels are lower in BRCA2 mutation carriers — Johnson et al., Fertility and sterility (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
2017
The study found that extracting VAMS dried blood samples with a one-to-one methanol and acetonitrile mixture gave more consistent recovery across haematocrit levels from 20 to 70% than methanol alone, with good linearity, accuracy and precision from 1 to 2000 ng/ml. This matters because haematocrit variation is a key source of bias in dried blood microsampling, and the optimised organic solvent extraction helps minimise that effect.
Evaluation of sample extraction methods for minimizing hematocrit effect on whole blood analysis with volumetric absorptive microsampling — Ye & Gao, Bioanalysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2017
The study validated a dried blood spot assay for five immunosuppressants on two LC-MS/MS systems, showing that haematocrit effects stayed within 15% across a clinically relevant range (0.23–0.48 l/l) without correction. Clinical validation confirmed that tacrolimus and cyclosporin A results from dried blood spots matched those from conventional whole blood, supporting home-based therapeutic drug monitoring without haematocrit adjustment.
Dried blood spot validation of five immunosuppressants, without hematocrit correction, on two LC-MS/MS systems — Koster et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2017
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for THC, its metabolites and synthetic cannabinoids in both dried blood spots and VAMS, showing that VAMS eliminates the haematocrit effect that limits DBS accuracy, thereby providing a reliable tool for toxicological and anti-doping analysis in decentralised settings.
Dried haematic microsamples and LC-MS/MS for the analysis of natural and synthetic cannabinoids — Protti et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled) · source ↗
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2017
An LC-MS/MS method for miltefosine quantification using VAMS was successfully validated, showing good accuracy within ±10.8% and precision below 11.9%. Although VAMS reduced haematocrit-induced bias compared to traditional dried blood spots, recovery still declined at higher haematocrit levels.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as an alternative to conventional dried blood spots in the quantification of miltefosine in dried blood samples — Kip et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2017
Four dried blood spot collection devices were compared using paper spray mass spectrometry for rapid quantification of imatinib and N-desmethyl-imatinib; several novel devices performed similarly to traditional manual methods, and clinical samples from a remote location were successfully analysed, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Comparison of paper spray mass spectrometry analysis of dried blood spots from devices used for in-field collection of clinical samples — Yannell et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2016
A review of clinical DBS across TDM, metabolic monitoring and trials, arguing that analytical and clinical validation must be obligatory before clinical use.
Clinical feasibility of dried blood spots: analytics, validation, and applications — Enderle, Foerster & Burhenne, J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- standards
- dried
- validation
2016
With Oragene DISCOVER self-collection, saliva SNP-array genotypes matched blood at 99.996% concordance; about 6% of samples failed on low yield, so an occasional repeat should be expected.
Saliva DNA quality and genotyping efficiency in a predominantly elderly population — Gudiseva et al., BMC Medical Genomics · source ↗
- dna
- venous-agreement
- stabilised
- blood
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
ORAcollect saliva matched blood at 97.9% overall variant concordance on a hereditary-cancer NGS panel, rising to 100% for protein-coding variants, supporting self-collected saliva for germline testing.
Validation of saliva as an alternative specimen for detecting hereditary breast-cancer mutations by next-generation sequencing — Meghnani et al., International J. Genomics · source ↗
- dna
- venous-agreement
- stabilised
- blood
- dna-genotek-oracollect
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
Testing 15 individuals and over 1,200 samples, this study found that 95% ethanol, FTA cards, and the OMNIgene Gut kit maintain stool microbiome stability at ambient temperatures for eight weeks. This enables robust decentralised sampling, though sponsors must use a single method to prevent batch effects and avoid 70% ethanol.
Preservation Methods Differ in Fecal Microbiome Stability, Affecting Suitability for Field Studies — Song et al., mSystems · source ↗
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- microbiome
2016
The study found that ambient temperature collection and stabilisation of stool using the DNA Genotek OMNIgene·Gut device yielded the same data reproducibility as freezing and higher recovery of nucleic acids, enabling standardised global collection and analysis for microbiome studies.
A robust ambient temperature collection and stabilization strategy: Enabling worldwide functional studies of the human microbiome — Anderson et al., Scientific reports · source ↗
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- microbiome
- stool
- validation
2016
An evaluation of five saliva collection kits found that only Norgen and Stratec achieved DNA yields comparable to Oragene of 30 µg or more, whilst Oasis was the easiest for sample collection. All commercial kits outperformed an in-house protocol, offering viable, cost-effective options for decentralised sampling.
Comparative Study of Five Commercially Available Saliva Collection Kits for DNA Extraction — Deeley et al., Clinical laboratory (paywalled) · source ↗
- dna-genotek-oragene
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
The study identified fungiform papillae biopsy as the optimal method for RNA integrity, though saliva techniques like the Oragene kit successfully amplified a subset of taste genes as a non-invasive alternative.
A Comparison of Collection Techniques for Gene Expression Analysis of Human Oral Taste Tissue — Archer et al., PloS one · source ↗
- dna-genotek-oragene
- liquid
- saliva
- biomarkers
2016
This pilot study found that a self-administered anal swabbing technique for collecting colorectal mucus was rated as acceptable by 96% of participants and yielded samples suitable for cytology and protein analysis. The method successfully detected elevated mucin 2 levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, indicating its potential for non-invasive screening.
Assessment of cytology and mucin 2 in colorectal mucus collected from patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Results of a pilot trial — Loktionov et al., Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (paywalled) · source ↗
- acceptability
- self-collection
- colorectal
- stool
- biomarkers
2016
OMNIgene GUT vials improved stool DNA quality by reducing shearing, but storage for one week altered microbiota composition in pooled infant and elderly data, with infant samples more affected. For decentralised collection, extraction within the first week and a consistent storage regime are advisable.
Effect of room temperature transport vials on DNA quality and phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiota of elderly adults and infants — Hill et al., Microbiome · source ↗
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- pediatric
- microbiome
2016
Home DBS sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in children cut total costs per draw by 43% for haemato-oncology patients and 61% for renal transplant patients from a societal perspective, with smaller savings from a healthcare-only viewpoint. The findings support decentralised diagnostics in paediatric care by quantifying the economic advantage of reducing hospital visits.
Cost Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot Home Sampling as Compared to Conventional Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children — Martial et al., PloS one · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- tdm
- economics
2016
Saliva microbiomes stored in OMNIgene medium remained stable for at least one week at room temperature. Dental plaque collected by scaler or CytoSoft brush showed minimal taxonomic differences, while plaque stored in OMNIgene exhibited higher diversity and greater similarity between samples than plaque in liquid transport medium. These results inform ambient stabilisation protocols for decentralised oral microbiome collection.
Effects of Specimen Collection Methodologies and Storage Conditions on the Short-Term Stability of Oral Microbiome Taxonomy — Luo et al., Applied and environmental microbiology (paywalled) · source ↗
- saliva
- stabilised
- pediatric
- microbiome
2016
Saliva collected with the Oragene DISCOVER kit from 30 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma produced DNA concentrations comparable to paired venous blood, though with slightly lower purity from protein contamination. Saliva is a viable alternative to blood for germline screening of SDHB and SDHD mutations in this population.
SDH Subunit Mutation Status in Saliva: Genetic Testing in Patients with Pheochromocytoma — Osinga et al., Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme (paywalled) · source ↗
- venous-agreement
- dna-genotek-oragene
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
The PelvoCheck CT/NG assay detected CT with 98.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity and NG with 98.3% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity in female first-void urine, with performance comparable to FDA-approved NAATs and the first commercial system validated for pooled urine specimens.
Performance evaluation of the PelvoCheck CT/NG test kit for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Meyer et al., BMJ open · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2016
A small-scale trial of pivmecillinam for genital chlamydia was halted after only two of seventeen men who returned self-collected test-of-cure urine samples were cured. The low cure rate underscores the importance of follow-up sampling in decentralised STI management to verify treatment efficacy.
Mecillinam against genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a small-scale proof-of-concept study shows a low cure rate — Nilsen et al., The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy (paywalled) · source ↗
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2016
Dried blood spot sampling of 919 school-aged children in a field setting identified low hepatitis A endemicity (20.7% seroprevalence overall) but very high susceptibility in children under five (94.7%). This shows DBS can enable decentralised infectious disease screening in paediatric populations without requiring venous blood draws.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence in public school children in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, prior to the introduction of the hepatitis A universal childhood vaccination — Kury et al., Cadernos de saude publica (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2016
A review of the Zambian National Dried Blood Spot Registry identified 17 HIV-positive infants among 459 tested by DBS DNA PCR across five facilities, yielding a transmission rate of 3.7 per cent. Programmatic risk factors for mother-to-child transmission included late antenatal care presentation, home delivery, maternal refusal of treatment and loss to follow-up, underscoring the role of DBS-based infant screening in exposing service gaps as Zambia scaled up lifelong combination ART for pregnant women.
Identifying Gaps in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV: A Case Series of HIV-positive Infants in Zambia — Bonawitz et al., The Pediatric infectious disease journal (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2016
DNA from dried blood spots extracted with a home-made buffer yielded more DNA than a commercial kit at similar quality, and duplex allele-specific qPCR accurately identified all HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 alleles in 558 children, reducing genotyping costs by 60 per cent for population-wide celiac disease and type 1 diabetes screening.
A population-wide applicable HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping using DNA from dried blood spots and duplex allele-specific qPCR amplification — Aguayo-Patrón et al., Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- economics
- dbs
- dried
- pediatric
- validation
- genotyping
2016
The Infopia Element blood glucose meter showed acceptable precision, linearity and interference performance and met ISO 15197 accuracy criteria with 100 per cent of results in Clarke and consensus error grid zones A and B, but it exhibited a positive bias at low to mid glucose concentrations that may require further improvement for home use.
Analytical Performance Evaluation of Infopia Element™ Auto-coding Blood Glucose Monitoring System for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose — Park et al., Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- venous-agreement
- blood
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
2016
In healthy women, first-void urinary and plasma green tea catechins correlated weakly to moderately with lipid profiles and glycated haemoglobin. This supports the utility of non-invasive first-void urine collection for evaluating dietary and cardiometabolic biomarkers in decentralized studies.
Elevated plasma and urinary concentrations of green tea catechins associated with improved plasma lipid profile in healthy Japanese women — Takechi et al., Nutrition research (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- urine
- first-void
- biomarkers
2016
Young low-risk heterosexual clients in Amsterdam strongly preferred home-collection kits for chlamydia testing, with 80% choosing this option and 88% returning samples. The 6% positivity rate and absence of other STIs showed home collection could improve clinic efficiency by triaging low-risk clients.
Young Low-Risk Heterosexual Clients Prefer a Chlamydia Home Collection Test to a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Visit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, A Cross-Sectional Study — van Rooijen et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2016
In children with type 1 diabetes, ambulatory glucose profile showed mean absolute relative difference of 9.56% versus laboratory random glucose and 15.07% versus capillary glucose, with linear regression coefficients of 0.93 and 0.89 respectively, indicating acceptable agreement for outpatient glycaemic monitoring.
Evaluation of accuracy of ambulatory glucose profile in an outpatient setting in children with type 1 diabetes — Hulse et al., Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · source ↗
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- cgm
- multimodal
2016
The programme found that men prefer traditional healthcare settings for STI screening, yet community venues such as amateur football clubs were acceptable to about half of sports participants, with high uptake of urine-based screening across different promotional approaches. Self-sampling kits for STIs were highly acceptable, and accelerated partner therapy via telephone hotline or pharmacy assessment achieved partner treatment rates that, while below national standards, exceeded outcomes previously reported from community settings.
The Ballseye programme: a mixed-methods programme of research in traditional sexual health and alternative community settings to improve the sexual health of men in the UK — Estcourt et al., NIHR Journals Library, Southampton · source ↗
- acceptability
- economics
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2016
An in-home dried blood spot service run by nurses increased testing uptake among household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women compared with conventional primary-care follow-up, offering a decentralised approach that may improve coverage of testing and vaccination.
Assessing the impact of a nurse-delivered home dried blood spot service on uptake of testing for household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women across two London trusts — Keel et al., Epidemiology and infection (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- serology
2016
In 164 patients with genital tract infections, first-void urine testing detected Ureaplasma urealyticum in 15.2%, Mycoplasma hominis in 5.4%, Mycoplasma genitalium in 1.2% and Chlamydia trachomatis in 6%, with uniform susceptibility of U. urealyticum and M. hominis to doxycycline and josamycin; routine screening of these pathogens using first-void urine is warranted to guide treatment and prevent sequelae.
Genital Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in patients with genital tract infections attending a tertiary care hospital of North India — Saigal et al., Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2016
Urine detected HPV with low sensitivity 41 per cent compared with penile swabs but had high specificity 95 per cent; adding urine to swabs may aid epidemiological or clearance studies though urine alone is not comparable to swabs for diagnosis.
Comparison of urine samples and penile swabs for detection of human papillomavirus in HIV-negative Dutch men — Koene et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
DBS sampling yielded drug concentrations that agreed with plasma at 79–94% for praziquantel enantiomers and 108–122% for its metabolite in nine opisthorchiasis patients. This validates DBS as a practical alternative to conventional venous sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in resource-limited settings.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Praziquantel Enantiomers and Its Main Metabolite R-trans-4-OH-PZQ in Plasma, Blood and Dried Blood Spots in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Patients — Meister et al., PLoS neglected tropical diseases · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2016
In a cross-sectional study across public health testing sites, Chlamydia prevalence was 5.3% in women, 3.2% in heterosexual men and 3.5% in MSM, with the highest rates in women and heterosexual men aged 18-24; most positive cases were asymptomatic. The findings support routine Chlamydia testing for women under 30 and heterosexual men under 25 in HIV testing settings, to detect asymptomatic infection.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women, heterosexual men and MSM visiting HIV counselling institutions in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany - should Chlamydia testing be scaled up? — Lallemand et al., BMC infectious diseases · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2016
Urine self-samples showed good agreement with cervical samples for HPV DNA detection (κ=0.65) and viral load correlation (ρ=0.676), with stronger correlation in severe lesions. This supports urine sampling as a valid alternative for decentralised follow-up of HPV intervention trials and screening programmes, enabling home-based monitoring without clinic visits.
Long-Term Follow-up of HPV Infection Using Urine and Cervical Quantitative HPV DNA Testing — Vorsters et al., International journal of molecular sciences · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
Miltefosine concentrations measured in dried blood spots showed excellent agreement with plasma (median ratio 0.99, Pearson's r=0.946) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. The method demonstrated 97% extraction recovery, remained stable for 162 days at 37°C, and performed reliably across haematocrit levels of 20–35%, offering a valid and practical alternative to venous sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in decentralised settings.
Validation and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Method To Measure Miltefosine in Leishmaniasis Patients Using Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection — Kip et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2016
Blood phenylalanine concentrations affected peripheral neurotransmitter biomarker concentrations differently in each of nine adults with phenylketonuria. Melatonin increased with tetrahydrobiopterin therapy only when blood phenylalanine fell, indicating that monitoring metabolites in first‑void urine and blood could help optimise individualised treatment.
Evaluation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Therapy with Large Neutral Amino Acid Supplementation in Phenylketonuria: Effects on Potential Peripheral Biomarkers, Melatonin and Dopamine, for Brain Monoamine Neurotransmitters — Yano et al., PloS one · source ↗
- first-void
- blood
- hormones
- urine
- biomarkers
2016
Internet-using men who have sex with men returned 82% of mailed at-home dried blood spot HIV test kits, but black non-Hispanic men had roughly half the odds of returning a kit compared with white men. The study shows strong willingness to use decentralised HIV testing while flagging equity gaps that could limit access for minority groups.
Factors Associated with Returning At-Home Specimen Collection Kits for HIV Testing among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men — Ricca et al., Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2016
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with antimicrobial peptide lysis detected Chlamydia trachomatis directly in first-void urine with 100 per cent specificity and 73 per cent sensitivity, eliminating DNA extraction steps and enabling decentralised testing in resource-limited environments.
Combination with antimicrobial peptide lyses improves loop-mediated isothermal amplification based method for Chlamydia trachomatis detection directly in urine sample — Jevtuševskaja et al., BMC infectious diseases · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2016
Among 780 sub-Saharan African migrants attending community outreach sessions in Antwerp, 18.2% underwent HIV testing via oral fluid self-sampling, with 78.9% collecting their results (56.3% via a secure website). Acceptance was higher among women and in church settings with engaged community leaders, demonstrating that decentralised, patient-centric screening can overcome cultural barriers and reach underserved populations who avoid blood draws.
Acceptability of a Community-Based Outreach HIV-Testing Intervention Using Oral Fluid Collection Devices and Web-Based HIV Test Result Collection Among Sub-Saharan African Migrants: A Mixed-Method Study — Loos et al., JMIR public health and surveillance · source ↗
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2016
In patients coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, median time to clearance after treatment was 7 days for RNA and 6 days for DNA, with 95 per cent clearing RNA by day 13 and DNA by day 14; the authors recommend performing a test of cure at least 14 days after starting treatment, as a positive result shortly after is likely a blip rather than treatment failure or reinfection.
Time to clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis RNA and DNA after treatment in patients coinfected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae - a prospective cohort study — Wind et al., BMC infectious diseases · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2016
Young female cancer survivors aged 18 to 44 can successfully self-collect dried blood spot samples at home, with 91% submitting specimens adequate for AMH assay. This demonstrates feasibility of patient-centric, decentralised monitoring of ovarian reserve in geographically dispersed populations, though generalisability may be limited to highly educated, higher-income groups.
Self-collected dried blood spots as a tool for measuring ovarian reserve in young female cancer survivors — Roberts et al., Human reproduction (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2016
Molecular analysis of dried blood spots from patients across Myanmar shows that a third of Plasmodium falciparum isolates carry kelch13 propeller mutations associated with artemisinin resistance, while multiple pfmdr1 copies are uncommon, indicating that artemisinin based combination therapy should remain effective but requires ongoing efficacy monitoring.
K13 mutations and pfmdr1 copy number variation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Myanmar — Win et al., Malaria journal · source ↗
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- serology
- genotyping
2016
The study of 250 infertile men found that Chlamydia trachomatis infection detected in first-void urine by PCR was associated with lower semen volume, while seminal interleukin levels showed non-significant elevation. This supports the use of patient-centric first-void urine and blood samples for screening sexually transmitted infections in decentralised fertility diagnostics.
Semen inflammatory markers and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male partners of infertile couples — Dehghan Marvast et al., Andrologia (paywalled) · source ↗
- first-void
- blood
- sti
- serology
- fertility
- urine
2016
The validation of a dried blood spot assay for ceftriaxone achieved a limit of quantification of 0.14 mg/L with strong correlation between DBS-predicted and measured plasma concentrations (r=0.95). The method showed acceptable thermal stability, retaining over 95% of initial concentrations for periods ranging from 14 hours to 11 months. This supports the use of self-collected DBS samples for therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials in remote and resource-poor settings.
Validation and Application of a Dried Blood Spot Ceftriaxone Assay — Page-Sharp et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2016
First-void urine HPV DNA testing showed 64.72% prevalence against 60.00% for cervical samples, with substantial concordance for the four vaccine types. This validates first-void urine as a patient-centric alternative specimen for decentralised cervical screening and HPV vaccination monitoring programmes.
Comparison between Urine and Cervical Samples for HPV DNA Detection and Typing in Young Women in Colombia — Cómbita et al., Cancer prevention research (paywalled) · source ↗
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- genotyping
2016
A book-type dried plasma spot card that filters red cells on-card was validated for nine drugs of abuse, showing good linearity and recovery while tolerating a wide haematocrit range of 30–60%. This approach circumvents the haematocrit bias that limits dried blood spots and yields more plasma for automated analysis, making it suitable for patient-collected samples in decentralised drug screening.
A Book-Type Dried Plasma Spot Card for Automated Flow-Through Elution Coupled with Online SPE-LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis of Opioids and Stimulants in blood — Ryona & Henion, Analytical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- validation
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2016
In a prospective cohort of patients with anogenital gonorrhoea, self-collected urine samples tested with modern RNA-based and DNA-based NAATs showed 100% clearance after treatment, with median time to clearance of 2 days (range 1–7 days for RNA-based and 1–15 days for DNA-based NAAT). The authors recommend performing test-of-cure at least 7 days after therapy for RNA-based NAATs and 14 days for DNA-based NAATs, while considering isolated positive blips and possible reinfection when interpreting results.
Test of Cure for Anogenital Gonorrhoea Using Modern RNA-Based and DNA-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests: A Prospective Cohort Study — Wind et al., Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2016
An LC-MS/MS method accurately quantified hydroxyurea from small volumes of dried blood collected on DMPK-C cards and VAMS devices across a linear range of 0.5 to 60 μg/mL with comparable performance. This enables therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic assessment in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients using capillary heel- or finger-prick sampling.
Stable-Isotope Dilution HPLC-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantifying Hydroxyurea in Dried Blood Samples — Marahatta et al., Clinical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2016
Self-collected vaginal samples showed similar sensitivity and specificity to clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+, supporting their use in primary cervical screening, whereas urine samples had lower sensitivity despite high specificity.
Clinical validation of hrHPV testing on vaginal and urine self-samples in primary cervical screening (cross-sectional results from the Papillomavirus Dumfries and Galloway-PaVDaG study) — Stanczuk et al., BMJ open · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
An online HIV risk assessment promoted via gay social media reached 17,361 men who have sex with men, with 5,696 returning home-collected blood or oral fluid samples. The service identified 82 new HIV diagnoses (1.4% positivity) with high acceptability, showing decentralised screening can effectively detect undiagnosed HIV in this population.
Identifying undiagnosed HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM) by offering HIV home sampling via online gay social media: a service evaluation — Elliot et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2016
In a Toronto clinic sample of 442 men who have sex with men, HIV‑positive individuals showed significantly higher prevalences of syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HSV‑2, CMV and high‑risk anal HPV than HIV‑negative men, while chlamydia and gonorrhoea were uncommon. The use of blood serology, urine and self‑collected anal swabs enabled comprehensive STI surveillance, supporting routine screening in this high‑risk population.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Viral and Bacterial Infections in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men in Toronto — Remis et al., PloS one · source ↗
- blood
- urine
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- sti
2016
Pooling self-taken pharyngeal, urethral and rectal samples into a single sample for gonorrhoea and chlamydia screening achieved slightly lower sensitivity than standard triple-site testing, at 92 per cent versus 96 per cent for chlamydia and 90 per cent versus 99 per cent for gonorrhoea, with the gonorrhoea difference reaching statistical significance, meaning pooled sampling could reduce laboratory costs but may miss infections that separate site testing would detect.
The "3 in 1" Study: Pooling Self-Taken Pharyngeal, Urethral, and Rectal Samples into a Single Sample for Analysis for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in Men Who Have Sex with Men — Sultan et al., Journal of clinical microbiology (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2016
This review recommends nucleic acid amplification testing on first-void urine for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in males and notes that recent PCR-based rapid diagnostic tests perform comparably to standard NAATs, supporting their potential use at the point of care for decentralised STI screening.
Diagnostic Procedures to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis Infections — Meyer, Microorganisms · source ↗
- first-void
- sti
- serology
- urine
- validation
2016
The trial found that pre-invitation leaflets and online booking did not increase cervical screening uptake among young women, while HPV vaccination status was associated with higher attendance. Sending vaginal self-sampling kits to non-attenders at six months was identified as a potentially cost-effective strategy, although the overall net impact of interventions was small. This matters because it demonstrates the limited effect of early invitations and highlights the potential value of targeted, delayed self-sampling offers in decentralised screening programmes.
A cluster randomised trial of strategies to increase cervical screening uptake at first invitation (STRATEGIC) — Kitchener et al., Health technology assessment · source ↗
- self-collection
- acceptability
- economics
- hpv
2016
Boric acid and refrigeration preserved urine specimens for up to 24 hours, while room temperature storage beyond four hours caused microbial overgrowth; however, the evidence strength for these preservation findings was rated low. For men, midstream clean-catch collection reduced contamination compared with first-void sampling, with high-strength evidence supporting this difference.
Effectiveness of Preanalytic Practices on Contamination and Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Cultures: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — LaRocco et al., Clinical microbiology reviews · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- standards
2016
Initial-stream urine sampling detected high-risk HPV with 89.9% sensitivity for high-grade cervical precancer, equal to physician-collected cervical specimens and superior to self-collected vaginal samples. First-void home collection performed equally well, while mid-stream samples and supernatant fractions gave lower yields, confirming optimal urine collection and processing protocols for decentralised cervical cancer screening.
Comparison of urine specimen collection times and testing fractions for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus and high-grade cervical precancer — Senkomago et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method using volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantify cathinone analogues in dried urine, plasma and oral fluid, showing satisfactory linearity, precision, recovery, matrix effects, selectivity and stability, and was applied to real samples from users, offering a reliable decentralised sampling strategy for forensic toxicology and sport drug testing.
LC-MS/MS and volumetric absorptive microsampling for quantitative bioanalysis of cathinone analogues in dried urine, plasma and oral fluid samples — Mercolini et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dried
- vams
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2016
In school-based surveys in Bhutan and Rwanda, first-void urine self-collection detected lower HPV6/11/16/18 prevalence in vaccinated than unvaccinated students, with a prevalence ratio of 0.12 in Rwanda by GP5+/GP6+ and 0.45 by E7-MPG, supporting the feasibility of urine surveys to monitor vaccine impact.
Urine testing to monitor the impact of HPV vaccination in Bhutan and Rwanda — Franceschi et al., International journal of cancer (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2016
Expert consensus guidelines for measuring the cortisol awakening response from self-collected saliva samples in the domestic setting, detailing methodological standards for sampling accuracy, participant adherence, and data interpretation to improve reliability of home-based hormone monitoring.
Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Expert consensus guidelines — Stalder et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled) · source ↗
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- standards
2015
VAMS eliminated the variable haematocrit bias seen with DBS, but a residual haematocrit-dependent recovery effect persisted at high haematocrit: the nuance that assays still need per-analyte validation.
Does volumetric absorptive microsampling eliminate the hematocrit bias for caffeine and paraxanthine in dried blood samples? A comparative study — De Kesel, Lambert & Stove, Analytica Chimica Acta (paywalled) · source ↗
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2015
The foundational quantitative-DBS work: a microfluidic layer meters a controlled 5–10 µL onto a standard card in seconds, targeting the haematocrit problem at source.
New microfluidic-based sampling procedure for overcoming the hematocrit problem associated with dried blood spot analysis — Leuthold et al., Analytical Chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2015
The study identified a mutation in the amelogenin gene from saliva samples collected using self-collection kits, which showed a statistically significant correlation with high caries experience in children. These results suggest that non-invasive genetic screening from saliva could facilitate early risk assessment for dental caries.
Association of Amelogenin with High Caries Experience in Indian Children — Saha et al., The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oracollect
- self-collection
- pediatric
- genotyping
2015
The Powermicrobiome Kit yielded the best RNA from stool, and RNA Later preserved mRNA integrity for six days at room temperature, though it introduced taxonomic and functional bias. RNA Protect was unsuitable beyond 24 hours. These findings support decentralised stool collection for metatranscriptomics but highlight the need to account for stabilisation reagent effects.
Stool metatranscriptomics: A technical guideline for mRNA stabilisation and isolation — Reck et al., BMC genomics · source ↗
- stool
- stabilised
- validation
- microbiome
2015
Capillary dried blood spots collected at home by pediatric transplant patients and mailed to the laboratory gave tacrolimus and sirolimus results that were clinically comparable to venous whole blood, with small negative biases within acceptable limits, enabling remote therapeutic drug monitoring.
Tacrolimus and sirolimus in capillary dried blood spots allows for remote monitoring — Dickerson et al., Pediatric transplantation (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2015
Dried capillary blood spots taken by heel prick are the established standard for neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening, with abnormal results requiring immediate confirmatory venous testing. Prompt levothyroxine treatment based on early microsampling prevents mental retardation, as IQ correlates inversely with age at diagnosis.
Congenital hypothyroidism — Agrawal et al., Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · source ↗
- blood
- dbs
- standards
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- hormones
2015
Frequent antiretroviral resistance was detected among HIV-infected orphaned children in rural Tanzania, with dried blood spots enabling resistance genotyping alongside plasma in this decentralised paediatric clinic. The high prevalence of resistance limited virological response to therapy, demonstrating the clinical value of microsampling for screening in resource-limited settings.
Frequent detection of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected orphaned children followed at a donor-funded rural pediatric clinic in Dodoma, Tanzania — Meini et al., AIDS research and human retroviruses (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2015
Capillary thyroid stimulating hormone values in the 4-6 mU/L range in children with Down syndrome rarely indicate true hypothyroidism, as venous free thyroxine was normal in almost all cases. The authors propose a decentralised screening algorithm that uses repeat finger-prick testing after six months rather than venepuncture for school-aged children with borderline elevations, which could reduce patient burden and support patient-centric care.
Screening for hypothyroidism in Down syndrome using the capillary thyroid stimulating hormone method — McGowan et al., The Journal of pediatrics (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2015
MiniCollect 3.2% citrate small-volume tubes give PT/INR results equivalent to standard venipuncture and are suitable when a small blood volume is preferred; EDTA tubes do not agree with standard sampling.
Evaluation of small-volume tubes for venous and capillary PT (INR) samples — Onelöv et al., International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2015
Screening both partners increased detection of positive couples compared with screening only one partner; routine urine screening of the female partner may substantially underestimate prevalence within the couple, leaving many infected couples undiagnosed.
Discordant prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic couples screened by two screening approaches — Corbeto et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- sti
2015
PCR on first-void urine detected Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in five patients and showed high sensitivity and specificity, supporting the use of self-collected urine for decentralised STI diagnosis.
Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Diagnostic Tool for Six Sexually Transmitted Infections - Preliminary Results — Grad et al., Clujul medical · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
In Croatian men, trichomoniasis was more common in those with urethritis symptoms than in those without, and real-time PCR detected more infections than wet mount microscopy or culture, indicating higher sensitivity for decentralised STI screening using first-void urine.
Epidemiology and laboratory characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Croatian men with and without urethritis syndrome: a case-control study — Sviben et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
The study found a high prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in rural Haitian men using self-collected first-void urine samples, supporting the use of decentralised urine sampling for STI screening in resource-limited settings.
Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural Haitian men — Downey et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
The DNA Genotek Oragene RNA assay yielded approximately four times more RNA from neonatal saliva than the Qiagen RNeasy kit and showed stronger correlation with RT-qPCR performance, though it required nearly twice the extraction time; RNA integrity was comparable between the two systems.
Comparative performance analyses of commercially available products for salivary collection and nucleic acid processing in the newborn — Maron & Johnson, Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission (paywalled) · source ↗
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- saliva
- biomarkers
2015
The study found that IgG seropositivity against Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly higher in infertile women than in pregnant controls (15% versus 0%), but PCR positivity in first-void urine was very low, with only one of 80 samples positive across all three primer sets. The authors concluded that serological screening is more diagnostically useful than first-void urine PCR for identifying chlamydial infection in infertile women in this setting.
Association of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection with Female Infer-tility, Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India — Ghosh et al., The open microbiology journal · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2015
In healthy adults, use of LifeWave Energy Enhancer patches was associated with higher salivary cortisol at midday and mid afternoon compared with placebo, while energy visual analogue scale scores fell in the placebo group but not in the active group.
Effects of energy enhancer patches on cortisol production, peripheral circulation, and psychological measures: a pilot study — Connor et al., Advances in mind-body medicine (paywalled) · source ↗
- cortisol
- self-collection
- hormones
- saliva
2015
Over a five-year period, first-void urine PCR identified Chlamydia trachomatis in 4% of attendees at a university STI clinic, with 85% of cases being asymptomatic. The findings support urine-based screening for decentralised diagnostics, especially among young patients and sexual partners where prevalence was 5.2%.
Screening for Chlamydia infection in a sexually transmitted infection clinic: a missed opportunity? — Pedrosa et al., International journal of dermatology (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
In Argentinian college students, first-void urine DNA amplification detected Chlamydia trachomatis in 3.5% of 114 valid samples, with risk factors of seven or more lifetime partners and a new partner in the last four months; this moderate circulation supports targeted screening and preventive measures in this population.
[Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and factors with the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections in college students] — Occhionero et al., Revista Argentina de microbiologia (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
Automated urine flow cytometry of first-void urine, using a threshold of 29 white cells per microlitre, achieved 69% sensitivity and 92% specificity for Mycoplasma genitalium or Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a validation cohort of 228 patients. The approach detected significantly more asymptomatic infections than clinical assessment alone, indicating potential for non-invasive point-of-care screening of sexually transmitted infections.
Performance evaluation of automated urine microscopy as a rapid, non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis — Pond et al., Sexually transmitted infections · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2015
Retinol measured in dried blood spots showed high agreement with venous plasma (r=0.9724) and remained stable at room temperature for up to 10 weeks when extracted under acidic conditions, enabling simple and reliable assessment of vitamin A status for population studies and large clinical trials.
Robust measurement of vitamin A status in plasma and blood dried on paper — Huang et al., Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2015
Urine microsampling for HPV DNA shows high correlation with cervical infections and enables home self-collection, which simplifies follow-up in vaccine efficacy trials. Establishing standardised sampling guidelines could overcome current variability and support decentralised, patient-centric monitoring of viral endpoints.
The use of urine in the follow-up of HPV vaccine trials — Vorsters et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · source ↗
- dct
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2015
The OMNIgene™·DISCOVER kit preserved viral DNA integrity in saliva for up to 14 months at room temperature, outperforming frozen storage which caused significant degradation. Viral loads remained stable for 6-9 months with the kit, supporting its use for decentralised diagnostic testing in resource-constrained settings.
Detecting DNA viruses in oral fluids: evaluation of collection and storage methods — Speicher et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease (paywalled) · source ↗
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- serology
- validation
- saliva
2015
The cross-sectional survey of 1541 HIV-positive men found high rates of genital mycoplasma co-infection, Ureaplasma urealyticum in 26.7 per cent and Mycoplasma hominis in 25.3 per cent, using first-void urine. This demonstrates the clinical value of urine-based screening for STI co-infection surveillance in HIV cohorts within decentralised diagnostic workflows.
Epidemiology of Mycoplasma acquisition in male HIV-1 infected patients: a multistage cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China — Chen et al., Epidemiology and infection (paywalled) · source ↗
- blood
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- sti
2015
The study found Mycoplasma genitalium in 16% of infertile women versus none in fertile controls, using first-void urine and other specimens. Detection in first-void urine supports decentralised screening for this STI in infertility assessment, particularly as most cases were asymptomatic and associated with tubal pathology.
Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility in North Indian women — Rajkumari et al., Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- sti
2015
The study found that 10.5% of women in three districts of Tamil Nadu were HPV positive, with HPV16 and HPV6 being the most common types. This supports the use of first-void urine sampling in decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes for HPV in low-resource settings.
A population-based study of the prevalence of HPV in three districts of Tamil Nadu, India — Sureshkumar et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled) · source ↗
- first-void
- sti
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2015
In a population-based study of 566 women in Puerto Rico, self-collection of anal, cervical, and oral specimens for HPV testing achieved an 83.4% response rate with high acceptability: over 98% of participants understood the methods and more than 50% felt comfortable with them. This demonstrates the feasibility of decentralised, patient-centric HPV surveillance using self-collection, supporting wider implementation of remote STI screening programmes.
Methods in HPV Surveillance: Experiences from a Population-Based Study of HPV Infection among Women in the San Juan Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico — Ortiz et al., Puerto Rico health sciences journal (paywalled) · source ↗
- acceptability
- blood
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
2015
Urine-based laboratory testing was the most preferred HPV screening modality among Zambian women. However, only 39.7% would choose it over visual inspection when service delivery conditions were less favourable, showing that patient acceptance of decentralised screening depends strongly on implementation factors such as examiner characteristics and waiting times.
Preference for human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening: results of a choice-based conjoint study in Zambia — Chamot et al., Journal of lower genital tract disease (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2015
A service evaluation of the Gen-Probe APTIMA test at a UK sexual health clinic found Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence of 1.4% in men and 3.6% in women. Asymptomatic men provided self-collected first-void urine and asymptomatic women self-collected vulvovaginal specimens, and the study concluded that targeted screening of high-risk asymptomatic groups is more cost-effective than universal screening, supporting decentralised STI testing strategies.
A service evaluation of the Gen-Probe APTIMA nucleic acid amplification test for Trichomonas vaginalis: should it change whom we screen for infection? — Hathorn et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled) · source ↗
- first-void
- economics
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2015
First-void urine from autistic children showed significantly elevated kininogen-1 compared with controls, suggesting urine proteomics could yield non-invasive screening markers for autism. The finding supports decentralised diagnostics because urine can be self-collected at home, even in paediatric populations, enabling remote biomarker discovery.
Urine proteome analysis to evaluate protein biomarkers in children with autism — Suganya et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- biomarkers
Read from the corpus on .