The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
42 papers labelled “oncology”, newest first.
2026
In AML and CLL, 91% of VAMS venetoclax results fell within 20% of plasma after individualised haematocrit correction; in home sampling, 18 of 21 patients self-sampled independently and 76% of returned samples were analysable, which shows home microsampling is workable, though the authors ask for multicentre validation.
Clinical Validation of Venetoclax Volumetric Microsampling in Leukemia, with Whole-Blood-to-Plasma Conversion and Self-Microsampling Feasibility — Levens et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2026
An LC-MS/MS method for tamoxifen and six metabolites in VAMS was developed and validated, with water prerinsing improving recoveries and poor room temperature stability but stability for at least 100 days at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Plasma to blood ratios were used to estimate plasma equivalent concentrations, and paired VAMS and plasma samples from ten breast cancer patients showed strong correlations and good agreement on Bland-Altman analysis, supporting reliable decentralised TDM.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the comprehensive quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolites in volumetric absorptive microsampling: clinical application in breast cancer patients — Kuo et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2026
This review suggests that decentralised clinical trials in oncology can improve patient participation and equity but face significant regulatory, logistical and digital hurdles. It concludes that these trials offer a flexible model dependent on specific clinical contexts rather than a universal replacement for conventional methods.
From site-centered to patient-centered: Promises and challenges of decentralized clinical trials in oncology — Gentile et al., Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (paywalled)
- oncology
- dct
2026
The True Dose TD-EPI kit demonstrated strong analytical agreement with venous blood for epirubicin monitoring, and the capillary samples remained stable for 72 hours at ambient temperature.
Method-Comparison Validation of a Novel Capillary Blood Collection Kit, True Dose<sup>®</sup> TD-EPI, for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Epirubicin — De Chiara et al., Pharmaceuticals
- venous-agreement
- stabilised
- blood
- tdm
- oncology
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
2026
The study developed and validated a reliable HPLC-MS method for quantifying multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors from VAMS microsamples of capillary blood, showing acceptable accuracy, precision, and 28-day stability at -21°C, with results comparable to venous plasma in 194 samples from patients with solid tumours. This enables therapeutic drug monitoring using microsamples in oncology practice.
HPLC-MS Quantification of Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Solid Tumors: Method Validation and Clinical Application — Staudinger et al., Pharmaceutics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2025
A review of 39 studies found that dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling show promising results for therapeutic drug monitoring of oral targeted anticancer drugs. The authors state that external validation remains crucial to confirm reliability, citing haematocrit effects and sample stability as key challenges.
Advancing Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs: From Hospital-Based Towards Home-Sampling — Meertens et al., Biomedical Chromatography
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- validation
2025
The study found volumetric absorptive microsampling showed high agreement between capillary and venous concentrations, with 94% of dasatinib and 95% of imatinib samples meeting the 20% acceptance criterion. VAMS is viable for imatinib monitoring and may allow longitudinal follow-up for dasatinib; however, VAMS results for imatinib, but not dasatinib, could be converted to plasma concentrations using prior ratios.
Toward Clinical Implementation of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling-Based Method for Dasatinib and Imatinib Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Verougstraete et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2025
This study established conversion methods for estimating plasma concentrations from whole blood VAMS samples for seven out of ten oral anticancer drugs, finding good agreement between capillary and venous samples. Patients reported a positive experience with home sampling using this microsampling technique.
Clinical Application of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs — Meertens et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2025
The method accurately measures therapeutic antibodies in Vams samples, correlating with plasma levels, enabling reliable therapeutic drug monitoring from home-collected samples to optimise cancer treatment dosing
A novel approach for quantifying therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in blood through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chi et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- biologics
- oncology
2025
In 50 cancer patients monitored at home with an Apple Watch for 28 days, a method that classified missing step data by gap duration and context produced the most reliable daily step estimates. Daily step counts on days with at least ten hours of wear time predicted time to first clinical event (p=0.068) and identified participants at lower hazard of mortality, with 83.3% accuracy for clinical event prediction, demonstrating that processed consumer wearable data can support remote monitoring in decentralised oncology trials.
Analysis Method of Real-World Digital Biomarkers for Clinical Impact in Cancer Patients — Oakley-Girvan et al., Digital biomarkers
- oncology
- dct
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
- actigraphy
2025
During COVID-19, 95% of cancer trial sponsors adopted decentralised elements, with remote laboratory assessments used in 63% of trials, demonstrating that such methods can generate FDA-approvable data. Sponsors reported institutional policies as the main barrier, yet most plan to continue remote monitoring and telemedicine, indicating sustained viability for reducing patient burden.
Adoption of Decentralized Trial Elements in Cancer Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approvals during COVID-19 — Patel et al., Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (paywalled)
- oncology
- dct
2025
This study developed a fluorescence probe for detecting histidine in saliva, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for cancer risk screening. The probe showed excellent recovery in real saliva samples and feasibility for point-of-care use in home or resource-limited settings.
Turn-on fluorescence sensing of histidine in body fluids: unveiling its oncogenic potential as a cancer risk biomarker — Indongo et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- oncology
- biomarkers
2024
Capillary sampling for carcinoembryonic antigen showed near perfect agreement with venous results and was preferred by most participants, supporting reliable home based collection that could reduce hospital visits.
Feasibility, reliability and satisfaction of (automated) capillary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements for future home-based blood sampling: the prospective CASA-I study — Voigt et al., Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- oncology
- colorectal
- capillary
- yourbio
2024
The study found that distance to the study institution was a significant barrier to enrollment in a prehabilitation trial for advanced ovarian cancer patients, with fewer enrolled patients living 200 miles or more away compared to those not enrolled, supporting the need for decentralised clinical trials.
An Argument for Decentralized Clinical Trials in Gynecologic Oncology — Mokshagundam et al., O&G open
- oncology
- dct
2024
Decentralised clinical trials conducted in home environments shift substantial logistical and procedural responsibilities onto caregivers of cancer patients. Addressing digital literacy barriers, sample handling workflows, and inadequate support is essential to prevent excessive caregiver burden during remote trial execution.
Decentralized Clinical Trials at Home: Commentary on Caregivers' Burden — Bolajoko et al., Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
- oncology
- dct
2024
Microsampling with Mitra® devices correlated strongly with venous plasma for capecitabine therapeutic drug monitoring (r=0.97), but yielded consistently lower concentrations. Patients preferred this method and reported minimal pain, suggesting it is suitable for patient-centric oncology drug monitoring in decentralised settings.
Comparison of capecitabine concentrations determined by microsampling versus plasma concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring: a pilot study — Shafiei et al., The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The LC-MS/MS method using VAMS quantified doxorubicin and its metabolite doxorubicinol with linear ranges 8-200 and 3-100 ng/mL and LLOQs of 8 and 3 ng/mL; patient levels ranged 9.47-87.84 ng/mL for doxorubicin and 4.24-54.02 ng/mL for doxorubicinol, enabling TDM with cumulative doses 47.93-346.09 mg/m2 and an estimated cardiomyopathy risk under 4%.
Doxorubicin, doxorubicinol, cardiotoxicity, breast cancer, volumetric absorptive microsampling, LC-MS/MS — Chairunnisa et al., Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The study validated an LC-HRMS method for measuring breast cancer drugs in plasma, urine, VAMS and oral fluid, showing that all matrices except oral fluid for certain drugs can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring. VAMS and oral fluid faced practical challenges in collection due to patient conditions, but the method enables patient-centric monitoring with dried blood and other self-collected samples.
Towards clinical adherence monitoring of oral endocrine breast cancer therapies by LC-HRMS-method development, validation, comparison of four sample matrices, and proof of concept — Jacobs et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2024
An on-line SPE-LC-MS method using 10 microlitre capillary blood samples collected on VAMS tips achieved lower limits of quantitation of 0.03 micromolar for methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX and 0.05 micromolar for DAMPA, with acceptable accuracy and precision. A plasma-to-whole-blood correlation factor of 0.46 was observed, supporting low-volume pediatric drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of methotrexate from serum and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The study found that higher cumulative doses and more treatment cycles of nab-paclitaxel, along with older age, are linked to increased frequency and severity of peripheral neuropathy in pancreatic cancer patients. VAMS was shown to be a feasible, minimally invasive alternative to venous sampling for monitoring drug levels, supporting its use in patient-centric, decentralised care.
Factors affecting peripheral neuropathy induced by nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer — Kang et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- tdm
- oncology
2024
This study validated a method for measuring six oral anticancer drugs and their metabolites in 10 μL dried whole blood collected by VAMS. The method remained stable for 14 days at room temperature during shipping and up to nine months when frozen, supporting its use for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and reducing the need for clinic visits.
Analytical Validation of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Oral Targeted Anticancer Agents, Abiraterone, Alectinib, Cabozantinib, Imatinib, Olaparib, and Sunitinib, and Metabolites — Meertens et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2023
VAMS matched serum for the kinase inhibitors nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib and ruxolitinib, r 0.94–0.97, with serum reliably predictable for the first three, and 93% of at-home samples were collected correctly: at-home VAMS shown feasible for routine cancer-drug monitoring.
Clinical validation and feasibility of VAMS for monitoring of nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, trametinib and ruxolitinib — Zimmermann et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2023
In 28 healthy adults, alectinib concentrations from capillary microsamples were generally similar to venous ones, which supports the method for therapeutic drug monitoring; the study tested a paediatric-friendly suspension, and the authors point to children, for whom venepuncture is difficult, as the intended use.
Relative bioavailability and food effect study of an oral suspension of alectinib in healthy volunteers using venipuncture and capillary microsampling — Liu et al., Clinical and translational science
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2023
A validated LC-MS/MS method successfully quantified vincristine in paediatric patient-centric whole blood collected via VAMS microsampling, spanning 1 to 50 ng/mL with intra- and inter-accuracy and precision within ±10.3% and ≤7.3%. Whole blood concentrations showed a non-linear relationship to plasma concentrations, which was described by a saturable binding model.
A sensitive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of vincristine in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling — van et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2023
Self-collection of capillary blood using a topper and paediatric tube was successful for most patients under 70 and showed excellent agreement with venous sampling for PSA measurement, supporting its use for decentralised patient monitoring.
Self-sampling of blood using a topper and pediatric tubes; a prospective feasibility study for PSA analysis using 120 prostate cancer patients — van et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- oncology
- capillary
- liquid
2023
Capillary blood collected with the Mitra® device showed correlation with venous samples for paclitaxel therapeutic drug monitoring, but wide confidence intervals suggest the methods may not be interchangeable. While plasma and whole blood concentrations were more closely aligned, the variability raises questions about using self-collected capillary samples for dose individualisation without further validation.
Paclitaxel and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring with Microsampling in Clinical Practice — Radovanovic et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2023
The study developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay for imatinib and its metabolite using volumetric absorptive microsampling, enabling reliable home blood collection by patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Therapeutic drug concentrations measured from VAMS were comparable across adherence groups, supporting the use of VAMS for routine decentralised monitoring of imatinib therapy.
Volumetric dried blood microsampling for monitoring imatinib mesylate therapy: Method development and clinical application in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia — Krützmann et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2023
Decentralised and site-less trial designs enable broader participation in rare cancer studies by mitigating travel burdens for underserved and rural populations.
Home-run trials for rare cancers: giving the right drug(s) to the right patients at the right time and in the right place — Adashek & Kurzrock, NPJ precision oncology
- oncology
- dct
2023
Profiling EBV DNA methylation in self-collected saliva distinguished nasopharyngeal carcinoma from controls with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity by capture sequencing; a q-PCR assay targeting one CpG site achieved 78% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The methylation density fell after therapy and rose with recurrence, confirming that decentralised salivary screening can support both diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Saliva biopsy: Detecting the difference of EBV DNA methylation in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma — Zheng et al., International journal of cancer (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- oncology
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2022
A review of dried blood microsampling for tyrosine kinase inhibitor monitoring, covering the analytical and clinical requirements for moving oral cancer-drug TDM out of hospital.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Dried Blood Microsamples — Verougstraete et al., Frontiers in Oncology
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- pediatric
- validation
2022
LC-MS/MS assays successfully validated the quantitation of giredestrant in dried whole blood across 1 to 1000 ng/ml using Mitra and Tasso-M20 microsampling devices. Quantitation was unaffected by haematocrit, hyperlipidaemia or anticoagulants, with ambient stability documented for 84 days on Mitra and 28 days on Tasso-M20.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling-LC-MS/MS assays for quantitation of giredestrant in dried human whole blood — Johnson et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
The authors validated an LC-MS and LC-MS/MS method for quantifying axitinib from 10 microlitre capillary blood collected by VAMS, demonstrating within- and between-run precision within 14% CV and accuracy between 81 and 116% against plasma as the gold standard, making the approach suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in ambulatory and clinical care.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of axitinib from plasma and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The study developed and validated a UPLC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling to measure cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, achieving lower limits of quantification of 5 ng/mL for cyclophosphamide and 2.5 ng/mL for the metabolite and meeting FDA validation criteria, which supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method with volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantitate cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide — Harahap et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The LC-MS/MS assay for uracil was validated with good accuracy and precision, and uracil concentrations measured in Tasso-SST capillary serum correlated highly with venous plasma (rs 0.910), indicating that capillary microsampling can reliably identify patients with DPD deficiency for safer fluoropyrimidine dosing.
Evaluation of the Tasso-SST® capillary blood microsampling device for the measurement of endogenous uracil levels — Menestrina Dewes et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- oncology
2022
Researchers validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and metabolites from Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, achieving acceptable precision (3.0–8.1% intra-day, 6.3–13.3% inter-day) and accuracy (95–114%). Enabling at-home blood collection for therapeutic drug monitoring could reduce toxicity and improve outcomes in oncology patients by supporting individualised dosing.
Measurement of 5- fluorouracil, capecitabine and its metabolite concentrations in blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling technology and LC-MS/MS — Radovanovic et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The study validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring eight tyrosine kinase inhibitors in dried blood samples collected via VAMS, showing good accuracy, precision and haematocrit independence. It demonstrated agreement with venous sampling, supporting the use of decentralised, patient-centric microsampling for oncology drug monitoring.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as a suitable tool to monitor tyrosine kinase inhibitors — Verougstraete & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
A validated VAMS method quantified ten kinase inhibitors from 20 µL dried capillary blood with linearity (R² 0.994) and six-week room-temperature stability. In vitro VAMS-to-plasma conversion factors were established, and the method proved applicable for clinical routine and home self-collection by patients, enabling remote therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the quantification of ten kinase inhibitors and determination of their in vitro VAMS-to-plasma ratio — Zimmermann et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2021
The study validated UPLC-MS/MS methods for both dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantify tamoxifen and three metabolites in breast cancer patients, finding that VAMS extraction recovery was slightly higher than DBS while both showed satisfactory recovery with low variability, samples were stable for two months, and mean patient concentrations did not differ significantly between the two methods. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of tamoxifen using either microsampling format.
Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites in dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling: comparison and clinical application — Maggadani et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2021
The study validated a VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for measuring tamoxifen and its active metabolites in breast cancer patients, showing good accuracy, precision and stability at room temperature for 30 days. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology by enabling reliable, patient-collected sampling.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a New Biosampling Tool for Monitoring of Tamoxifen, Endoxifen, 4-OH Tamoxifen and N-Desmethyltamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients — Maggadani et al., Drug design, development and therapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2019
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) using the Neoteryx Mitra device was validated for mitotane therapeutic drug monitoring across 1–50 mg/L, with acceptable haematocrit bias and one-week stability at room temperature. However, comparison with venous plasma showed poor correlation, suggesting home-based VAMS is of limited clinical value for mitotane unless a method-specific target range is established.
A method for the minimally invasive drug monitoring of mitotane by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling for a home-based therapeutic drug monitoring — Friedl et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2019
Among 68 chronic myeloid leukaemia patients self-sampling dried blood spots for nilotinib therapeutic drug monitoring at home, 77% of samples were clinically useful. Patients found the procedure easy and not painful, with 75% requiring no assistance, though lower educational level predicted unsuitable samples, underscoring the need for clear instruction.
Feasibility of and patients' perspective on nilotinib dried blood spot self-sampling — Boons et al., European journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- tdm
- oncology
2018
Dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with whole blood for measuring everolimus in cancer patients, with ninety percent of samples demonstrating acceptable prediction error and low bias. This enables home-based therapeutic drug monitoring, allowing clinicians to individualise dosing without requiring patient visits.
Clinical validation study of dried blood spot for determining everolimus concentration in patients with cancer — Willemsen et al., European journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
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