The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 184 labelled “neoteryx-mitra”, newest first.
2026
Researchers successfully validated an analytical method for measuring creatinine across plasma and volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, demonstrating strong correlation between conventional plasma and dried microsamples. This provides a reliable, patient-centric approach for monitoring kidney function remotely during transplant follow-up.
Surrogate-based LC-MS/MS quantification of endogenous creatinine in plasma, plasma-equivalent dried spots (qDPS), and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS): an ICH M10-compliant bridging study — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
In lung and renal transplant recipients, VAMS sampling with LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus showed good linearity and accuracy, and with a haematocrit-adjusted conversion formula achieved clinical agreement in most samples; tacrolimus did not require haematocrit correction. The approach is virtually painless and enables richer sampling for more accurate drug exposure estimates, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipients — Juan et al., Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2026
This review found that volumetric microsampling devices, such as Mitra, HemaPEN, HemaXis DB10, and Tasso-M20, overcome haematocrit bias, whilst Telimmune plasma separation cards enable direct plasma collection without centrifugation. These technologies support patient-centric, decentralised sampling, though the authors note that clinical validation remains limited across different drugs and patient populations.
A Review of Blood-Based Microsampling Devices for Patient-Centered Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Huhn & Scherf-Clavel, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2026
An LC-MS/MS method for tamoxifen and six metabolites in VAMS was developed and validated, with water prerinsing improving recoveries and poor room temperature stability but stability for at least 100 days at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Plasma to blood ratios were used to estimate plasma equivalent concentrations, and paired VAMS and plasma samples from ten breast cancer patients showed strong correlations and good agreement on Bland-Altman analysis, supporting reliable decentralised TDM.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the comprehensive quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolites in volumetric absorptive microsampling: clinical application in breast cancer patients — Kuo et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2026
A post-mortem case study found that Mitra microsampling devices achieved comparable qualitative toxicological detection to conventional methods across blood, urine, bile, and vitreous humour, successfully identifying methamphetamine, opioids, and alpha-PHP. Whilst limited to a single case, this shows that microsampling is a viable alternative for qualitative screening when sample volumes are restricted.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling device for forensic Toxicologic screening: A case report as proof-of-concept — Magny et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
2026
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully validated for measuring androstenedione, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in dried blood samples collected via volumetric absorptive microsampling. The dried samples remained stable at room temperature for up to a week and after postal transit, and plasma concentrations could be reliably estimated from the microsamples when adjusting for haematocrit.
Analytical validation of a dried blood microsampling method to measure androstenedione, 17α‑hydroxyprogesterone, and 11‑ketotestosterone for congenital adrenal hyperplasia monitoring — De Baets et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
- haematocrit
2026
A prospective study of eleven adults with epilepsy found that saliva microsampling using VAMS showed excellent agreement with conventional liquid saliva for perampanel quantification, with a mean bias of -0.126 ng/mL. This supports analytical equivalence for decentralised monitoring, though the small sample size limits generalisability.
Clinical validation of a patient-friendly saliva microsampling approach to monitor perampanel levels in people with epilepsy — Franco et al., Epilepsia (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- tdm
- validation
- saliva
2026
An optimised VAMS workflow for blood proteomics increased protein identifications 4-fold in plasma and 2.1-fold in whole blood compared with liquid processing, with mean CVs below 11%, and whole blood showed greater robustness and storage stability at room temperature for up to 14 days. This enables reliable patient-centric microsampling for longitudinal biomarker studies.
Advancing Blood Proteome Analysis Past the Plasma Age: Mass Spectrometry of Whole Blood and Plasma Collected with Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Devices — Karsten et al., Journal of proteome research (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
This study employed volumetric absorptive microsampling to collect blood samples from neonates, revealing that existing propofol pharmacokinetic models poorly predicted drug levels in this population. A newly developed meta-model provided accurate predictions, validating the use of patient-centric microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm and term infants.
Systematic evaluation of propofol population pharmacokinetic models and development of a literature-supported new meta-model for critically ill preterm and term neonates — Rantanen et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
Capillary samples collected using dried blood spots and Mitra microsamplers showed strong agreement with venous plasma for quantifying IgG antibodies against most vaccine-preventable diseases. Sensitivity was high for the majority of pathogens, though the study noted that antibody stability declined at room temperature over time, favouring cold storage for longer durations.
Comparison of capillary microsampling and venous blood for multi-pathogen serosurveillance — Ombati et al., Scientific reports (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2026
The study developed and validated a reliable HPLC-MS method for quantifying multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors from VAMS microsamples of capillary blood, showing acceptable accuracy, precision, and 28-day stability at -21°C, with results comparable to venous plasma in 194 samples from patients with solid tumours. This enables therapeutic drug monitoring using microsamples in oncology practice.
HPLC-MS Quantification of Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Solid Tumors: Method Validation and Clinical Application — Staudinger et al., Pharmaceutics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2026
Capillary blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling gave a shorter detection window than urine for a stimulant, helping to distinguish recent from earlier use, and more reliable detection of long-acting diuretics that bind red cells. This shows microsampling can improve interpretation in drug-monitoring programmes where urinary data alone may be ambiguous.
Stressing the limits of capillary blood in anti-doping analysis: perspectives on alkylamine-like stimulants and carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors in result management — da Costa Nunes et al., Frontiers in sports and active living
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- toxicology
2026
In a nationwide survey of 1047 Belgian adults, at-home VAMS achieved a 63% participation-to-analysis completion rate with 16% of samples excluded due to insufficient quality. While dietary intake suggested adequate thiamine consumption, 11% of participants had blood thiamine diphosphate concentrations below the reference threshold, showing the utility of remote microsampling for identifying true nutritional status.
Thiamine status in Belgian adults assessed by volumetric absorptive microsampling: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey — Heughebaert et al., The American journal of clinical nutrition (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- biomarkers
2026
The authors validated VAMS for lumateperone therapeutic drug monitoring and confirmed its stability, which supports decentralised, patient-centric antipsychotic therapy through low-volume blood collection.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling for lumateperone analysis: method validation and stability evaluation — Milandri et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2026
The authors developed and optimised a dual LC-MS workflow for non-targeted metabolomics from blood microsamples, comprising a 15-minute HILIC-MS method for polar metabolites and an RPLC-MS method for mid- to non-polar compounds. A 20% water/80% methanol extraction with rehydration offered a practical compromise that detected numerous metabolite features across amino acid, acylcarnitine and bile acid pathways, enabling decentralised metabolomic analysis.
RPLC- and HILIC-based non-targeted metabolomics workflow for blood microsamples — Couacault & Witting, Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- metabolome
2026
The study validated an LC-MS/MS method for eight antiepileptic drugs and two metabolites in dried blood spot and VAMS formats, with satisfactory analytical performance and stability, and was the first to include the oxcarbazepine metabolite DHCB. In 80 paired patient samples, microsampling concentrations showed promising correlation with plasma, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic treatment.
Development and application of an LC-MS/MS method for 8 antiepileptic drugs and 2 metabolites using microsampling techniques (DBS and VAMS) — Cobo-Golpe et al., Journal of analytical toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- haematocrit
2026
Untargeted metabolomic profiles from three blood microsampling devices aligned more closely with whole blood than with plasma, and all devices distinguished sex based on amino acids, lipids, and acylcarnitines. This validates that device choice can be tailored to the metabolites of interest for decentralised human biomonitoring.
An LC-MS untargeted metabolomic comparison between three blood microsampling devices, whole blood, and plasma — Avella et al., Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2026
PEth reference values for Belgium were derived from VAMS microsampling of 487 participants in a national survey, showing distinct biomarker distributions between the general population and higher‑alcohol‑consumption subgroups. This validates capillary blood collection as a practical method for decentralised alcohol monitoring and forensic assessment.
Reference values for the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the Belgian population: Insights from a nationwide microsampling study — Vandenbroucke et al., Drug and alcohol dependence reports
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2026
The study developed and validated a rapid LC-MS/MS method for quantifying cefazolin in capillary whole blood collected via VAMS, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate, showing robust performance across matrices and successful application in a pediatric pilot cohort for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Rapid, robust LC-MS/MS quantification of cefazolin in whole blood microsamples, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate: Analytical method validation and preliminary clinical application in pediatric population — Kocur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2026
This study demonstrates that a commercial conductive vial electromembrane extraction device can reliably isolate basic pharmaceuticals from whole blood collected on volumetric absorptive microsampling tips, showing superior reproducibility and reduced matrix effects compared to conventional treatment.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling and conductive vial electromembrane extraction for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in whole blood — Reguli et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2026
In matched clinical samples from rheumatoid arthritis, VAMS and DBS showed strong agreement for methotrexate polyglutamates (slopes 0.95-1.07; bias within -4.21% to 0.36%; SRCC ≥ 0.969), with up to 100% of total MTXPG results within ±20% limits; capillary microsampling agreed closely with whole blood but differed from red blood cells, indicating matrix-specific differences that must be accounted for when interpreting against RBC-based reference values.
Multi-Matrix LC-MS/MS Validation of Methotrexate Polyglutamates: Comparison of VAMS, DBS, and Conventional Blood Sampling in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Kocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
A phase 1 trial designed around participant self-collection of pharmacokinetic samples at home, with video training and pre-assembled kits: evidence that the model is a training and logistics package, not only a device.
At-Home Self-Collection of Pharmacokinetic Data: Design and Results From a Phase 1 Open-Label Feasibility Trial — Raoufinia et al., Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development
- dct
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
2025
A multi-targeted procedure covered 237 prohibited substances across 11 WADA classes in dried urine spots, with environmental-stability testing for refrigeration-free transport.
LC-HRMS screening for 11 classes of prohibited substances in dried urine spots for doping control — Mazzarino et al., Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (paywalled)
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- dried
- toxicology
- urine
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for measuring the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol using two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, finding that the Mitra device met all validation criteria and agreed with venous sampling. The Capitainer device was deemed suitable but showed reduced accuracy at higher concentrations, with a small proportional negative bias compared to venous results.
A validated method for capillary phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 quantification with two different 10-µl volumetric absorptive microsample devices in the same setup — Andreassen et al., Journal of analytical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- toxicology
- capillary
- validation
2025
A comparison of blood microsampling found that after 35 days, PFAS recovery changed by over 10% for five analytes using the Neoteryx hemaPEN and four using Whatman 903, but zero using the Neoteryx Mitra. The Mitra retained 45 of 49 PFAS within 70-130% recovery, showing its high stability for decentralised biomonitoring without contamination risks.
Comparison of microsampling for PFAS blood analysis: Enabling cheap high-resolution biomonitoring — Partington et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
The study found that VAMS devices exhibited elevated background metal concentrations that often matched or exceeded levels found in venous blood, complicating trace element analysis. Although a cleaning protocol reduced some background noise, persistent contamination limits the current efficacy of this microsampling method for environmental biomonitoring.
Evaluating the efficacy of the VAMS Mitra microsampler for whole blood trace element analysis — Ogunesan et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Dried saliva collected with the Mitra device correlated strongly with wet saliva but poorly with plasma unbound and total concentrations, indicating it is not a reliable substitute for plasma in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite. Capillary blood collected via VAMS remains a promising alternative for long term monitoring in paediatric patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Saliva for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: Bioanalytical Method Validation and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation — Kocur et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
The study found very strong correlation between venous blood collection and capillary VAMS using Mitra devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies, with samples remaining stable at room temperature for several months. This enables reliable at-home, patient-centric serological testing for large-scale community surveillance and vaccine studies.
Validation of at-home blood sampling for large scale, cost effective serological analysis for anti-viral antibody responses — Mayer et al., Journal of immunological methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2025
This study compared four dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection, finding that the Mitra VAMS device offered the best combination of analytical recovery and user usability, whilst the HemaXis DB10 showed the least bias compared to whole blood.
Analytical and usability comparison of microsampling dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection in sports using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chen et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for quantifying fluconazole using the Mitra device, demonstrating sufficient accuracy and precision for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric patients.
Determination of Fluconazole in Children in Small Blood Volumes Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) Detection — Zimbelmann et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
A comparison of three patient-centric dried blood microsampling devices, paper DBS, Mitra and Tasso-M20, found strong to excellent correlation with traditional venous plasma for measuring branched-chain amino acids and ketoacids. Participants reported high acceptability and expressed a strong willingness to use these devices for decentralised self-collection.
Quantitation of BCAA and BCKA in plasma and patient-centric dried blood microsamples in a clinical setting — Tierney et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
The paper summarises that volumetric finger-prick self-sampling is suitable for monitoring immunosuppressants and biomarkers after kidney transplantation, but successful implementation requires careful design of the entire workflow, including patient training and method validation. This matters because it provides a real-world framework for moving critical monitoring from the clinic to the patient's home.
Implementation of Volumetric Finger-Prick Self-Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants After Kidney Transplantation: Lessons Learned From the Practice — Vethe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- immunosuppressants
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
A validated LC-MS/MS method for everolimus using Mitra and Capitainer devices found excellent agreement between capillary microsamples and venous whole blood in 33 adult transplant recipients. The results showed high accuracy and negligible haematocrit effects, supporting the use of microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Quantitative Dried Blood Spot Methods with LC-MS/MS in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Analytical and Clinical Comparative Study — Kocur et al., Molecules
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A validated offline SPE-LC-MS/MS method using the Mitra microsampling device successfully quantified tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, tryptophan, kynurenine, and creatinine simultaneously. The method met EMA and FDA criteria, showing agreement between capillary and venous sampling, which could facilitate decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and transplant follow-up through patient self-collection.
An Offline SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine A, Kynurenine, Tryptophan, and Creatinine Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Device Mitra — Nierychlewski et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- biomarkers
2025
The authors found that a single microdose of recombinant EPO was detectable up to 72 hours using ITP and CP methods, though the Tasso microsampling device showed lower sensitivity than Mitra and Capitainer. Additionally, isotope ratio mass spectrometry successfully detected testosterone micro-dosing in all analysed samples, supported by serum testosterone levels.
Detection of a Single Microdose of Testosterone and Recombinant EPO in Healthy Volunteers — Heiland et al., Drug testing and analysis
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- steroids
- capillary
- hormones
- urine
- validation
2025
In an untargeted metabolomics study, microsampling devices, particularly the Mitra and Capitainer, yielded metabolic profiles comparable or superior to plasma in feature number and intensity, and in the precision and stability of some metabolites. This supports their potential for large-scale, decentralised metabolic profiling, though the captured metabolite profile was application-dependent.
LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling — Thaitumu et al., Metabolites
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
This study found that dried blood microsamples, particularly those collected with the Mitra device, provided metabolic profiles comparable or superior to conventional plasma, supporting their use as a viable alternative for untargeted metabolomics.
Toward minimally invasive metabolomics: GC-MS metabolic fingerprints of dried blood microsamples in comparison to plasma — Marques de Sá E Silva et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
In 41 Black adults with heart failure, elevated xanthine oxidase activity from capillary blood collected with Mitra microsampling associated significantly with dyspnoea severity. This demonstrates that microsampling can capture clinically relevant inflammatory biomarkers linked to symptom burden in underserved populations, supporting its use in decentralised cardiovascular monitoring.
Inflammation markers associated with symptoms and neighborhood deprivation in black adults with heart failure — Butts et al., Heart & lung : the journal of critical care (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- biomarkers
2025
An LC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling achieved 72.5% to 98.9% accuracy and under 8% precision for measuring circulating endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. However, drying time significantly altered 2-AG and 2-OG concentrations, and marked differences were observed between whole blood and plasma measurements.
Spotlight on Endocannabinoids in Healthy Individuals Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with LC-MS/MS Analysis — Haroune et al., ACS omega
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2025
Capillary blood collection using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated equivalent quantification of principal colonic polyphenol metabolites compared with matched venous plasma across a six-hour period following barley biscuit consumption. The technique successfully captured the pharmacokinetic profiles over 48 hours, confirming VAMS as a reliable alternative to venepuncture for dietary biomarker monitoring.
Finger-prick blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) method for monitoring the main (poly)phenolic metabolites in human blood after barley biscuit intake — Cortijo-Alfonso et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2025
A fully validated LC-MS method quantifies four direct oral anticoagulants and phenprocoumon from 10 µL capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices. Samples remained stable for seven days at room temperature, showed no significant haematocrit effect, and offers a reliable approach for ambulatory therapeutic drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a quantification method for direct oral anticoagulants from capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling and online SPE-LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
VAMS finger-prick sampling showed moderate agreement with conventional venous sampling for clofazimine, with a systematic 13% lower concentration that can be corrected, and was more cost-effective by about 4.45 USD per sample, supporting its use for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in MDR-TB.
Analytical and clinical validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) - Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of Clofazimine in whole blood — Nugraha et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- economics
2025
The study validated Mitra VAMS devices for detecting nerve agent, sulfur mustard and opioid metabolites in dried human blood, achieving sensitivities between 0.05 and 1 ng/mL across analytes with acceptable precision, accuracy and recovery, supporting their use as a simpler alternative to refrigerated sample transport for forensic exposure verification.
Evaluation of dried blood spot sampling for verification of exposure to chemical threat agents — Walker et al., Forensic toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
Researchers developed an assay to quantify seven cannabinoids and metabolites from 20 µL oral fluid self-collected via a VAMS device, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. In six cannabis consumers, the method successfully quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol up to 6236 ng/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of low-volume volumetric microsampling for non-invasive toxicology and roadside testing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by volumetric absorptive microsampling combined with UHPLC-HRMS — Thiebot et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2025
The method quantified elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor across plasma, dried plasma spots and VAMS with good linearity, accuracy and no matrix effect. Plasma and dried plasma spot results were interchangeable, while VAMS gave lower concentrations due to high protein binding and were corrected using the haematocrit to estimate equivalent plasma levels.
A Novel LC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor in Plasma, Dried Plasma Spot (DPS) and Whole Blood in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Devices — Pigliasco et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
The study compared five microsampling devices, including Mitra tips and Tasso-M20, for detecting 27 steroid esters in dried blood by LC-MS/MS, and found that methanol extraction with Girard's reagent P or T provided the best screening sensitivity with detection limits of 0.05 to 1.0 ng/mL, while methoxyamine derivatization was recommended for confirming boldenone and certain testosterone esters. The Tasso-M20 device produced chromatographic interference with methanol extraction that was only partially resolved by using mixed solvents, at the cost of lower recoveries.
Comparability of different analytical workflows for steroid esters detection in doping control field — Mazzarino et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
2025
Researchers validated a UHPLC-MS/MS assay for citrinin in capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, plus feces and urine, achieving quantification limits of 0.05 ng/mL. The study derived human toxicokinetic parameters from 48-hour sample collection after a single oral dose, demonstrating that microsampling enables robust population-level exposure assessment for mycotoxins.
Derivation of Human Toxicokinetic Parameters and Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factor of Citrinin Through a Human Intervention Trial and Hierarchical Bayesian Population Modeling — Visintin et al., Toxins
- blood
- urine
- stool
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
The study develops and validates a dried blood microsampling method for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS, showing that small-volume, minimally invasive capillary blood collection is feasible and suitable for unstable, low-abundant analytes, enabling practical decentralised sampling in vulnerable populations.
Assessment of dried blood micro-sampling methods for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS — Albiach-Delgado et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
2025
In 55 patients, four approaches to convert dried capillary blood concentrations to plasma equivalents were evaluated. All methods except haematocrit-based conversion yielded acceptable analytical and clinical agreement for paracetamol and metabolites, supporting the reliability of capillary microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Comparative Evaluation of Approaches to Convert Microsampled Capillary Blood Concentrations to Plasma Concentrations: Paracetamol and Metabolites as a Case Study — Boffel et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- haematocrit
2025
This feasibility study demonstrated that a surrogate matrix solution enables accurate quantitation of a monoclonal antibody from dried blood samples collected via VAMS or Tasso-M20 devices. The method resolves challenges related to daily calibrator preparation and sample dilution for ligand binding assays used in pharmacokinetic studies.
The Use of Surrogate Matrix for Calibrators in the Analysis of Dried Blood Samples - A Feasibility Study — Lee et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biologics
2025
Capillary volumetric absorptive microsampling showed significant differences in absolute antibiotic concentrations compared to venous plasma, yet it reliably tracked the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and azithromycin over time. The approach was well accepted by both participants and clinicians, indicating its feasibility for less invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in periodontal clinical trials.
A comparison between venous blood sampling and capillary volumetric absorptive microsampling for antibiotics levels monitoring in individuals with and without periodontal disease — Lazaridi et al., Clinical oral investigations
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
Head-to-head clinical validation of two VAMS devices for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with roughly 86–88% of samples within ±20% of venous.
Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression — Leino et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
In 102 patients, Mitra and Capitainer microsamples gave urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios at 102% and 95% of the clinical analyser's, and both stayed within 98% to 103% after three weeks at room temperature, which supports either device for decentralised urine collection.
Patient-Centric Quantitative Microsampling for Accurate Determination of Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) in a Clinical Setting — Löfgren et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- dct
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- urine
- validation
- biomarkers
2024
The study validated a VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for measuring sirolimus levels, showing it was clinically equivalent to the standard whole blood method and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant patients, supporting the use of decentralised microsampling for this purpose.
Personalization of pharmacotherapy with sirolimus based on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) in pediatric renal transplant recipients-from LC-MS/MS method validation to clinical application — Kocur et al., Pharmacological reports : PR
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
This study of 82 children with concussion found that capillary blood collected with a Mitra device within 48 hours of injury could not identify protein markers that predict persistent posttraumatic headache at two weeks. The negative result highlights the need for novel biomarker discovery to enable risk stratification in paediatric concussion using decentralised sampling.
Capillary blood protein markers of posttraumatic headache in children after concussion — Fan et al., Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2024
The study validated a method for determining 15 trace elements in whole blood collected via VAMS, showing high precision and accuracy with agreement to a liquid sampling method. This supports the use of VAMS for decentralised trace element analysis in clinical and research settings.
A miniaturized sample preparation method for routine elemental determination in whole blood using volumetric absorptive micro-sampling by ICP-QQQ — Schmidt et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2024
Microsampling with Mitra® devices correlated strongly with venous plasma for capecitabine therapeutic drug monitoring (r=0.97), but yielded consistently lower concentrations. Patients preferred this method and reported minimal pain, suggesting it is suitable for patient-centric oncology drug monitoring in decentralised settings.
Comparison of capecitabine concentrations determined by microsampling versus plasma concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring: a pilot study — Shafiei et al., The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The authors validated a VAMS method for ivermectin therapeutic drug monitoring in whole blood, achieving a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL and a linear range of 1–150 ng/mL. By eliminating haematocrit effects that limit dried blood spots, the method supports accurate decentralised sampling for antiparasitic therapy.
Development and validation of ivermectin quantification method in volumetric absorptive microsampling using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Harahap et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
An LC-MS/MS method for warfarin in VAMS samples was validated to FDA 2022 standards, showing linearity from 5–500 ng/mL. Analysis of 25 patients on warfarin therapy yielded concentrations of 6.05–431.39 ng/mL, confirming that self-collected VAMS can reliably support anticoagulation monitoring in decentralised settings.
Determination of warfarin in volumetric absorptive microsampling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Harahap et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2024
The study developed and validated an ICP-MS/MS method for trace elements in whole blood collected on VAMS and found that most targeted elements gave accurate and reproducible results compared with a reference method, indicating that VAMS could become an alternative to venipuncture for blood sampling in trace elements analysis.
Validation of Mitra<sup>®</sup> VAMS<sup>®</sup> as a blood collection technique for trace elements analysis using ICP-MS/MS — Breton et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2024
When patiromer is taken three hours after tacrolimus, it does not alter tacrolimus exposure in kidney transplant recipients. The study also shows that self-collected capillary blood samples using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) can reliably measure tacrolimus concentrations, which simplifies pharmacokinetic studies and enables decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Patiromer Does Not Alter Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Transplant Recipients When Administered Three Hours Post-Tacrolimus — Drevland et al., Transplantation direct
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- dct
2024
Folate vitamer stability in dried blood microsamples was strongly dependent on temperature and time, with levels remaining within 85 to 115 per cent of baseline at -20°C and 4°C for up to two weeks in both VAMS and DBS, but only lasting three days at room temperature in VAMS and failing at 37°C. The authors conclude that decentralised sampling for folate status monitoring is feasible if transport temperature and duration are controlled, though pretreatment with stabilising agents and desiccant use offered only partial improvement at ambient temperature.
Is the stability of folates in dried blood microsamples sufficient to perform home-sampling studies? — Heughebaert & Stove, The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2024
The study developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods for ganciclovir in serum, dried serum spots, and VAMS-Mitra devices. In 80 pediatric renal transplant recipients, VAMS showed interchangeability with serum samples while extending stability to at least 49 days at room temperature, making decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring more feasible for transplant patients.
Assessment of Dried Serum Spots (DSS) and Volumetric-Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of (Val)Ganciclovir-Comparative Study in Analytical and Clinical Practice — Kocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
Capillary blood collection using liquid and dried microsampling devices yielded pharmacokinetic profiles comparable to venous sampling for two monoclonal antibodies and a small molecule, whereas haematocrit correction was necessary for dried formats and bridging was ineffective for hydroxychloroquine. The findings demonstrate the bioanalytical feasibility and patient acceptability of remote microsampling tools for pharmacokinetic evaluations in decentralised clinical trials.
Evaluation of Patient-Centric Sample Collection Technologies for Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Large and Small Molecules — Mandlekar et al., Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- biologics
- dct
- haematocrit
2024
Low volume sampling devices showed good concordance with venous serum for measuring the pharmacodynamic biomarker sMAdCAM-1, but dried blood samples required substantial dilution to overcome buffer interference, which was mitigated by using a highly sensitive Simoa assay. The study demonstrates that while these devices have potential for decentralised clinical trials, careful validation is needed to address site-specific biases and assay sensitivity limitations.
Evaluation of low volume sampling devices for a pharmacodynamic biomarker analysis: Challenges and solutions — Yang et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- biomarkers
2024
A validated LC-MS method quantified multiple antibiotics from a single volumetric absorptive microsample, with stability up to 90 days for most analytes and minimal haematocrit effect except vancomycin, enabling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in decentralised settings.
Bioanalysis of six antibiotics from volumetric microsamples: a new tool for precision dosing in critically ill children — Takyi-Williams et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2024
The study validated an LC-HRMS method for measuring breast cancer drugs in plasma, urine, VAMS and oral fluid, showing that all matrices except oral fluid for certain drugs can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring. VAMS and oral fluid faced practical challenges in collection due to patient conditions, but the method enables patient-centric monitoring with dried blood and other self-collected samples.
Towards clinical adherence monitoring of oral endocrine breast cancer therapies by LC-HRMS-method development, validation, comparison of four sample matrices, and proof of concept — Jacobs et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2024
Portable mid‑infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics classified fibromyalgia and other rheumatologic syndromes from dried blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling with 84% accuracy, 83% sensitivity and 85% specificity; spectral regions linked to amide bands and amino acids acted as discriminatory features, offering a point‑of‑care screening tool for decentralised diagnostics.
Portable Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to Diagnose Fibromyalgia and Other Rheumatologic Syndromes Using Rapid Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling — Nuguri et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
2024
The authors validated an LC-HRMS/MS assay for steroids and thyroid hormones in 30 microlitres of capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, demonstrating storage stability of over 28 days frozen and 14 days at room temperature. Using authentic samples from 50 healthy active adults, the method showed adequate sensitivity to detect the reduced hormone concentrations seen in relative energy deficiency in sport, supporting self-collected VAMS as a practical tool for regular hormone monitoring in athletes.
Development of an LC-HRMS/MS Method for Quantifying Steroids and Thyroid Hormones in Capillary Blood: A Potential Tool for Assessing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) — Tuma et al., Metabolites
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- hormones
2024
An on-line SPE-LC-MS method using 10 microlitre capillary blood samples collected on VAMS tips achieved lower limits of quantitation of 0.03 micromolar for methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX and 0.05 micromolar for DAMPA, with acceptable accuracy and precision. A plasma-to-whole-blood correlation factor of 0.46 was observed, supporting low-volume pediatric drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of methotrexate from serum and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2024
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) yielded superior classification of fibromyalgia and long COVID compared with dried blood spots when analysed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, delivering 100% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with an area under the curve of 0.86. The method identified discriminatory metabolites from low-molecular-weight blood fractions, showing that VAMS can support decentralised metabolomic diagnostics for syndromes with overlapping clinical features.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis for Fingerprinting Clinically Similar Fibromyalgia and Long COVID Syndromes — Nuguri et al., Biomedicines
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2024
The study found that higher cumulative doses and more treatment cycles of nab-paclitaxel, along with older age, are linked to increased frequency and severity of peripheral neuropathy in pancreatic cancer patients. VAMS was shown to be a feasible, minimally invasive alternative to venous sampling for monitoring drug levels, supporting its use in patient-centric, decentralised care.
Factors affecting peripheral neuropathy induced by nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer — Kang et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- tdm
- oncology
2024
Three freeze-thaw cycles, Virkon disinfectant, and air drying on Mitra microsamplers for two hours each inactivated Trypanosoma cruzi in spiked blood, while FTA C cards failed. These validated methods permit safe removal of infectious samples from containment facilities for storage and analysis, supporting decentralised diagnostics.
Validation of Trypanosoma cruzi inactivation techniques for laboratory use — MacLean et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- serology
2024
Dried blood microsamplers (Mitra) and dried blood spots maintained metabolite stability comparable to plasma at minus 80 degrees Celsius, and both dried formats remained stable at minus 20 degrees Celsius while plasma showed reduced stability. At refrigerated temperature, Mitra microsampler profiles were more stable than plasma or dried blood spots, particularly for lipids, suggesting capillary blood microsampling could support sample collection outside clinical settings where ultra-cold storage is unavailable.
Effects of storage temperature and time on metabolite profiles measured in dried blood spots, dried blood microsamplers, and plasma — Petrick et al., The Science of the total environment (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- metabolome
2024
Capillary dried blood spots collected during professional triathlon competitions detected endogenous erythropoietin in all 111 athletes using Tasso-M20 devices, even when matching urine samples were negative. Mitra VAMS devices also sensitively detected recombinant EPO micro-doses and the EPO c.577del variant, confirming that microsampling provides a viable complementary matrix for decentralised doping analysis.
Dried blood spots for erythropoietin analysis: Detection of micro-doses, EPO c.577del variant and comparison with in-competition matching urine samples — Heiland et al., Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
2024
Adolescents collecting blood microsamples at home achieved varying success rates across six devices, with Minicollect tubes performing poorest. The confirmation that visual inspection alone was insufficient, by analytical variability, underscores the need for robust quality assessment before deploying any device in decentralised trials.
Self-Sampling by Adolescents at Home: Assessment of the Feasibility to Successfully Collect Blood Microsamples by Inexperienced Individuals — Boffel et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- dct
2023
A study of 50 paediatric renal transplant recipients found that a validated VAMS LC-MS/MS method for tacrolimus showed high correlation with the reference method over 0.5–60 ng/mL, with minimal haematocrit effect.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus Based on VAMS in Renal Transplant Pediatric Recipients — LC-MS/MS Method, Hematocrit Effect, and Clinical Application — Kocur et al., Pharmaceutics
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2023
In children, VAMS and dried plasma spot voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole correlated with fresh plasma, Spearman 0.82–0.94, and stayed stable at room temperature for at least 14 days: refrigeration-free antifungal TDM in paediatrics.
VAMS and dried plasma spot for antifungal triazole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole) in pediatric patients by LC-MS/MS — Simeoli et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- pediatric
2023
A UHPLC-HRMS assay quantified 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from 20 µL Mitra VAMS samples with accuracy under 10% and precision under 11%, LOQ 5 ng/mL: sensitive enough to flag deficiency and simple enough for untrained self-collection, enabling year-round vitamin-D monitoring.
Quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 in Mitra devices (VAMS) by UHPLC-HRMS for regular vitamin D status monitoring — Tuma et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- biomarkers
2023
A study of 37 kidney transplant recipients found Capitainer and Mitra microsampling feasible for decentralised monitoring. Capitainer showed consistent sampling success, 92%-96%, and higher analytical accuracy than Mitra, 52%-88% success. Proportions within ±15% of venous reference for creatinine and haemoglobin were 92%-100% and 93%-100% for Capitainer, versus 79%-96% and 67%-92% for Mitra, despite small cohorts.
Clinical performance of volumetric finger-prick sampling for the monitoring of tacrolimus, creatinine and haemoglobin in kidney transplant recipients — Vethe et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- qdbs
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2023
Volumetric absorptive microsampling of whole blood did not provide a reliable basis for calculating meropenem plasma concentrations in critically ill children, so a validated low volume plasma method was required for paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring.
Developing a Method for Quantifying Meropenem in Children-Volumetric Adsorptive Microsampling Versus Plasma Sampling — Ramadan et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2023
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) of whole blood allows depletion of abundant red-cell proteins during processing, which improves detection of less abundant proteins from all blood compartments and yields deeper proteomic coverage than conventional plasma analysis alone.
Proteome Analysis of Whole Blood Collected by Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling — Molloy et al., Methods in molecular biology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- biomarkers
2023
The study found that serum concentrations of lacosamide and levetiracetam can be accurately estimated from dried capillary blood samples using simple ratio conversion, with high agreement to measured serum levels, supporting their use in decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring. For lamotrigine, the method is acceptable at low to medium concentrations but less reliable at higher levels, indicating a need for cautious interpretation in clinical practice.
Validation of Conversion Factors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, and Levetiracetam in Dried Capillary Blood — Hagemann et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2023
In healthy Chinese adults a single oral dose of padsevonil showed rapid absorption and a favourable safety profile. VAMS dried blood concentrations of padsevonil and its metabolites were generally lower than plasma but were comparable at some time points by Passing‑Bablok regression, indicating that VAMS is promising for therapeutic drug monitoring of this novel antiepileptic drug and warrants further validation.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of Padsevonil in healthy Chinese subjects and comparison of two sampling methods for Padsevonil quantification — Li et al., European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2023
A VAMS method using Mitra devices for whole blood lead quantification showed no significant difference compared with the centre's routine method, supporting VAMS as a practical alternative for blood lead and other trace element analyses.
Method development for the quantification of lead levels in whole blood sampled on Mitra<sup>®</sup> with VAMS<sup>®</sup> tips by inductively coupled plasma-MS/MS — Breton et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2023
Capillary blood collected with the Mitra® device showed correlation with venous samples for paclitaxel therapeutic drug monitoring, but wide confidence intervals suggest the methods may not be interchangeable. While plasma and whole blood concentrations were more closely aligned, the variability raises questions about using self-collected capillary samples for dose individualisation without further validation.
Paclitaxel and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring with Microsampling in Clinical Practice — Radovanovic et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2023
The authors developed and validated a workflow that couples Mitra volumetric absorptive microsampling with hybridisation LC-MS/MS to quantify the antisense oligonucleotide fomivirsen in human blood. Quantitative recovery was achieved irrespective of haematocrit level or sample age, and the method demonstrated sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and four-month stability, supporting its use for therapeutic drug monitoring of biologic candidates in decentralised trials.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling coupled with hybridization LC-MS/MS for quantitation of antisense oligonucleotides — Chen et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2023
Early at-home VAMS samples allowed Bayesian forecasting of steady-state adalimumab concentrations with modest bias (mean prediction error -2.6%) and acceptable precision (normalised RMSE 24.0%), correctly classifying 75% of predictions within the therapeutic window and identifying 8.3% of patients who developed anti-adalimumab antibodies, supporting decentralised precision dosing during induction.
Early At-Home Measurement of Adalimumab Concentrations to Guide Anti-TNF Precision Dosing: A Pilot Study — de Klaver et al., European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- tdm
- biologics
2023
The study found that blood concentrations of padsevonil measured using Mitra devices can reliably predict plasma concentrations with less than 9% mean bias, supporting the use of VAMS as a patient-centric alternative to venous sampling in decentralised trials. This validation strengthens confidence in microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring where venous draws are impractical.
Clinical Bridging Studies and Modeling Approach for Implementation of a Patient Centric Sampling Technique in Padsevonil Clinical Development — Kramer et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- dct
2023
In participants 11 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the nano-immunoassay achieved 98.33% sensitivity and 97.62% specificity on venous serum. When combined with dried capillary microsampling, sensitivity was 95.05% with Mitra, 61.11% with repurposed glucose strips and 83.16% with HemaXis (91.49% after automated extraction), with no loss of specificity, supporting home-based sampling for serology.
Clinical sensitivity and specificity of a high-throughput microfluidic nano-immunoassay combined with capillary blood microsampling for the identification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG serostatus — Michielin et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2023
VAMS finger-prick microsampling showed reliable agreement with venous blood sampling for measuring tacrolimus and creatinine after correction for systematic differences, supporting its use in therapeutic drug monitoring. This offers a patient-centric, decentralised alternative to frequent venipunctures in kidney transplant recipients.
Serum Creatinine and Tacrolimus Assessment With VAMS Finger-Prick Microsampling: A Diagnostic Test Study — Scuderi et al., Kidney medicine
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2023
VAMS capillary samples from 32 liver transplant recipients showed strong agreement with venous blood for everolimus measurement, with a correlation of r squared 0.92 and no proportional or constant bias on Bland Altman analysis. No effect of haematocrit or sampling time was observed, supporting VAMS as a virtually painless decentralised alternative to venous draws for immunosuppressant monitoring in transplant patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus in Patients Who Have Undergone Liver Transplant — Yoo et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2023
The study validated a VAMS based LC-MS/MS assay for perampanel in saliva, demonstrating linear calibration, acceptable accuracy and precision, and stability across storage conditions, and showed clinical applicability in patients with epilepsy, supporting at-home therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Salivary Monitoring of Perampanel in Patients with Epilepsy Using a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique — Palmisani et al., Pharmaceutics
- saliva
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2023
The study developed and validated an HPLC-DAD method for quantifying favipiravir in whole blood collected via VAMS, meeting FDA 2018 guidelines with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 micrograms per millilitre. This supports the use of VAMS for therapeutic drug monitoring of favipiravir in decentralised settings.
HPLC-DAD quantification of favipiravir in whole blood after extraction from volumetric absorptive microsampling devices — Azzahra Rahmadhani et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2023
The study found that VAMS dried blood sampling provides blood phenylalanine measurements highly concordant with venous plasma, with over 88% of results within 20% difference, supporting its use in patient-centric monitoring. This validates a decentralised, microsampling-based approach for therapeutic drug monitoring in phenylketonuria, including in children.
Validation and application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) dried blood method for phenylalanine measurement in patients with phenylketonuria — Gao et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2023
The study describes a protocol for measuring the low-abundance cancer biomarker progastrin-releasing peptide in dried serum spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, finding that VAMS yielded higher signal intensities than dried serum spots.
Microsampling in Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Analysis of Low-Abundance Proteins — Ngo et al., Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biomarkers
2023
Targeted DNA methylation analysis accurately estimated relative and absolute leukocyte subset counts from dried capillary blood collected with Mitra devices, showing strong correlation with conventional venous blood methods (r=0.72–0.97). This enables self-sampling by finger prick, facilitating easier access to leukocyte testing for patients with haematological disorders.
Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis Facilitates Leukocyte Counts in Dried Blood Samples — Hubens et al., Clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2023
In whole blood spiked with 90 drugs, the VAMS method using the Neoteryx Mitra device confirmed 87 compounds with identification limits below 12.5 ng/mL for 82.2% of drugs and extraction yields of 80.6 to 108.7%. In 15 poisoned patients, 98% of plasma compounds were detected in VAMS with satisfactory concordance (R2 = 0.827), supporting its use for decentralised toxicology screening.
New Trend in Toxicological Screening Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR/MS) Combination — Houzé et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2023
Researchers validated a microsampling method for measuring baricitinib levels in children aged 2–18 years using the Mitra device. The approach showed good agreement with conventional plasma sampling and was well received by clinical sites, suggesting it could support paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring and trial enrolment.
Microsampling in pediatric studies: pharmacokinetic sampling for baricitinib (Olumiant™) in global pediatric studies — Wickremsinhe et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2023
In adult kidney transplant patients, fingerprick VAMS and dried blood spot microsampling achieved accurate simultaneous measurement of tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisolone compared with venepuncture. The authors noted an overall preference for VAMS over conventional dried blood spots.
Fingerprick Microsampling Methods Can Replace Venepuncture for Simultaneous Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus, Mycophenolic Acid, and Prednisolone Concentrations in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients — Scuderi et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
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