The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 199 labelled “pediatric”, newest first.
2026
In 15 critically ill children with multiple organ dysfunction, a population pharmacokinetic model built on volumetric absorptive microsamples found that estimated glomerular filtration rate and age drove cefepime clearance and distribution; the authors take this as showing the method is workable for antimicrobial monitoring in this group.
Cefepime pharmacokinetics in critically ill children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Amajor et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2026
This study found that volumetric absorptive microsampling shows satisfactory agreement with venous plasma for monitoring several antiseizure medications in paediatric patients. However, a blood-to-plasma conversion factor was required to estimate plasma concentrations for clobazam and carbamazepine metabolites due to poor capillary-to-plasma interchangeability.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications (ASMs) in Pediatric Patients — Simeoli et al., Pharmaceuticals (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully validated for measuring androstenedione, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in dried blood samples collected via volumetric absorptive microsampling. The dried samples remained stable at room temperature for up to a week and after postal transit, and plasma concentrations could be reliably estimated from the microsamples when adjusting for haematocrit.
Analytical validation of a dried blood microsampling method to measure androstenedione, 17α‑hydroxyprogesterone, and 11‑ketotestosterone for congenital adrenal hyperplasia monitoring — De Baets et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
- haematocrit
2026
This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly reduced salivary interleukin-6 levels in mothers with postnatal depression.
Community singing intervention reduces maternal salivary cytokines and enhances maternal-infant cortisol synchrony in postnatal depression: biological findings from the SHAPER-PND trial — Kirkpatrick et al., Brain, behavior, and immunity (paywalled)
- dct
- cortisol
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
Frequent dried blood spot sampling detected early changes in beta-cell function more effectively than mixed-meal tolerance tests or urine ratios, supporting its potential as a decentralised monitoring tool for clinical trials.
Serial Dried Blood Spot C-Peptide Sampling, but Not Urine C-Peptide-to-Creatinine Ratio, Detects Early Preservation of β-Cell Function in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Experience From the USTEKID Trial — Dunseath et al., Diabetes care (paywalled)
- dct
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- pediatric
- urine
- biomarkers
2026
Enhanced visual and textual guidance significantly improved the quality of dried blood spots self-collected by children and adolescents, increasing the proportion of acceptable cards from 47.6% to 86.6%, which supports the feasibility of home sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Optimizing Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder — Ringeling et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
This study employed volumetric absorptive microsampling to collect blood samples from neonates, revealing that existing propofol pharmacokinetic models poorly predicted drug levels in this population. A newly developed meta-model provided accurate predictions, validating the use of patient-centric microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm and term infants.
Systematic evaluation of propofol population pharmacokinetic models and development of a literature-supported new meta-model for critically ill preterm and term neonates — Rantanen et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
This study validated a method for monitoring mycophenolic acid in paediatric patients, demonstrating that quantitative dried plasma spots achieved close agreement with venous plasma. Quantitative dried blood spots showed significant haematocrit-related bias, making the plasma-based format more suitable for decentralised monitoring.
Matrix fidelity in microsampling: Plasma-first LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and MPAG — Kocur et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2026
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
Integrating Microsampling in Human Biomonitoring: Methodologies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Case Study Insights — Rajamani & Poongavanam, Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- wearable
- acceptability
- multimodal
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- standards
- dried
- serology
- colorectal
- pediatric
- stool
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
Fingerstick capillary sampling showed strong agreement with venous sampling for mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, with acceptable bias and improved agreement for mycophenolic acid after haematocrit correction. This minimally invasive approach may reduce procedural burden and support outpatient or home based therapeutic drug monitoring in children.
Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants in Children with Kidney Diseases: Validation of Fingerstick Sampling Using LC-MS/MS — Ishii et al., Pharmaceuticals
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2026
This study validated a method requiring only 10 microlitres of serum and found high agreement between fingerstick capillary samples and venous serum for monitoring twelve antibiotics. The results suggest capillary serum sampling is a feasible, minimally invasive alternative that avoids the haematocrit effect associated with whole blood microsampling.
Feasibility verification of fingerstick capillary microsampling replacing venipuncture for therapeutic drug monitoring of 12 antibiotics using a rapid LC-MS/MS assay — Chen et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2026
Among 8007 neonates screened using dried blood spots, the study identified prevalence rates for congenital hypothyroidism (1:2002), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1:2002) and G6PD deficiency (1:900), with abnormal results confirmed by venous sampling. This demonstrates the practical utility of microsampling for decentralised newborn screening and subsequent clinical management.
Birth Prevalence of Endocrine-Metabolic Disorders Detected by Newborn Screening Test in Pune (India) Population — Narawade et al., Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- hormones
2026
Analysis of dried blood spots from 813 newborns demonstrated that extremely preterm infants have markedly elevated corticosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, with the latter showing the strongest inverse correlation with gestational age, indicating these precursors better reflect adrenal immaturity than cortisol alone. This validates DBS as a practical tool for guiding postnatal steroid therapy in preterm infants by helping clinicians distinguish physiological adrenal immaturity from true insufficiency.
Elevation of corticosterone and 17OH progesterone in extremely preterm infants and clinical implications — Kessel et al., Pediatric research
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2026
Dried blood spot screening of 3210 neonates in an Eastern Indian province found 10.2% had an inherited disorder, most commonly partial biotinidase deficiency (4.5%) and G6PD deficiency (2.7%), with no sex difference except higher 17-OHP in males; the findings justify national newborn screening to reach all communities.
Newborn screening in an Eastern Indian province: prevalence and trends from a burgeoning newborn screening unit — Saharia et al., Journal of tropical pediatrics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
2026
Among 1242 asymptomatic children in a remote Congolese district, dried blood spot sampling identified 53% as Plasmodium falciparum-positive. No validated artemisinin-resistance mutations were found, but a lumefantrine-susceptibility marker was present in 15% of samples, demonstrating that community-based microsampling can generate actionable resistance surveillance data to guide decentralised malaria treatment strategies.
Prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance markers and factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in asymptomatic children prior to rectal artesunate implementation in Kapolowe Health District, Democratic Republic of the Congo — Luzolo Khote et al., Malaria journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2026
The study developed and validated a rapid LC-MS/MS method for quantifying cefazolin in capillary whole blood collected via VAMS, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate, showing robust performance across matrices and successful application in a pediatric pilot cohort for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Rapid, robust LC-MS/MS quantification of cefazolin in whole blood microsamples, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate: Analytical method validation and preliminary clinical application in pediatric population — Kocur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
Worked case studies of patient-centric sampling deployed in pharmaceutical drug development: how sponsors have implemented it, rather than whether it is possible.
Case Studies on the Use of Patient-centric Sampling for Clinical Studies in Pharmaceutical Drug Development — Patel et al., The AAPS Journal (paywalled)
- dct
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- pediatric
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
A systematic review found mixed economic evidence for microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring; one study reported no cost reduction with DBS home-sampling, €688 versus €676, whilst another predicted savings up to 61%. The authors caution that more work is required to assess costs alongside clinical outcomes and optimise logistics for decentralised implementation.
The economic evidence for microsampling to support therapeutic drug monitoring: A systematic review — Carland et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- economics
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- antimicrobials
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
Dried saliva collected with the Mitra device correlated strongly with wet saliva but poorly with plasma unbound and total concentrations, indicating it is not a reliable substitute for plasma in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite. Capillary blood collected via VAMS remains a promising alternative for long term monitoring in paediatric patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Saliva for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: Bioanalytical Method Validation and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation — Kocur et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
The study validated a method for measuring cystic fibrosis drugs in dried blood spots, showing statistical equivalence to plasma concentrations, which supports their use as a less invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring. It also found higher drug levels in nasal swabs, indicating localised accumulation at the disease site, which could inform more personalised treatment.
Development and application of a multimatrix LC-MS/MS method for quantifying elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: Expanding therapeutic drug monitoring in cystic fibrosis from systemic circulation to airways and sweat — Mucci et al., Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- pediatric
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for quantifying fluconazole using the Mitra device, demonstrating sufficient accuracy and precision for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric patients.
Determination of Fluconazole in Children in Small Blood Volumes Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) Detection — Zimbelmann et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
In 277 paediatric patients, capillary microsampling with the Microsemi CRP device found close agreement with venous testing for CRP, with a mean difference of -0.25 mg/dL and 95% limits of -2.1 to 1.6 mg/dL. WBC showed a bias of -18 × 100/μL, with 95% limits of -73 to 37 × 100/μL. This supports decentralised, patient-centric screening of febrile children.
Comparison between point-of-care testing from capillary samples and conventional laboratory testing from venous samples for white blood cells and C-reactive protein in a pediatric outpatient setting — Kuniyoshi et al., Journal of general and family medicine
- venous-agreement
- blood
- capillary
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2025
The study compared quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices for measuring ganciclovir levels in capillary blood from pediatric renal transplant recipients. This comparison provides evidence for choosing between microsampling devices in therapeutic drug monitoring, supporting decentralised sampling approaches that reduce patient burden while maintaining analytical accuracy.
The comparison of two volumetric microsampling devices (qDBS and VAMS) for determining ganciclovir levels in capillary blood using the LC-MS/MS technique in pediatric renal transplant recipients — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2025
This study found moderate to strong correlations between SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in fingerprick dried blood spots collected using the hemaPEN device and standard venous serum samples from children and adults. The results suggest that this microsampling device offers a reliable alternative to venepuncture for serological surveillance.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Between Paired Fingerprick (HemaPEN<sup>®</sup>) and Venepuncture Collected Samples in Children and Adults — Mazarakis et al., Antibodies
- blood
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- serology
2025
In children with SLE, VAMS finger-prick capillary blood gave haematocrit-adjusted MPA and MPAG concentrations indistinguishable from plasma, and the AUC from VAMS derived plasma-equivalent concentrations matched plasma AUC with R2 0.97. This supports accurate pharmacokinetically guided dosing of MMF using only three timed capillary microsamples.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with Mass Spectrometry to Support Pharmacokinetically-Guided Precision Dosing of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Pediatric Lupus Nephritis Patients — Zhao et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A study of 292 patients found that the slopes of home-collected stimulated dried blood spot C-peptide levels over six months predicted 12-month venous mixed-meal tolerance test results, P<0.001. This shows decentralised microsampling can monitor beta-cell function, though further validation is required to confirm its reliability and broader applicability.
Early Detection of β-Cell Decline Using Home Dried Blood Spot C-Peptide Levels in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes — Hendriks et al., Diabetes care (paywalled)
- dct
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2025
The Egoo Phe system showed strong concordance with dried blood spot testing across 100 paired samples, with median phenylalanine 274 versus 270 μmol/L and readings a mean 4.6% higher, and high caregiver acceptance; the small sample size limits generalisability and further validation in larger cohorts is required.
Point-of-Care Testing in PKU: A New ERA of Blood Phenylalanine Monitoring — Pinto et al., Nutrients
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- validation
2025
A newborn screening programme using dried blood spots detected classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in 1 in 17,699 infants, with second-tier LC-MS/MS testing achieving a positive predictive value of 4.3. However, 23% of cases became symptomatic before results were reported, highlighting that timeliness remains a critical challenge for decentralised diagnostics.
Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency: the Italian experience 2006-2019 — Baronio et al., Journal of endocrinological investigation (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- hormones
2025
Remote motor assessment achieved a 95 percent completion rate and high caregiver acceptability in children with Canavan disease. Good to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability demonstrates that rigorous remote assessment protocols can be implemented in decentralised trials for rare pediatric conditions, reducing burden on families.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Reliability of Remote Motor Assessment in Children With Canavan Disease — Kiefer et al., Pediatric neurology (paywalled)
- pediatric
- dct
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2025
A term newborn died at 4 days; newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry on a dried blood spot indicated mitochondrial trifunctional protein or long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and genetic analysis of the same DBS identified two HADHA variants, confirming the diagnosis; the authors review early neonatal deaths from fatty acid oxidation disorders and discuss limitations of newborn screening for these conditions, highlighting the role of DBS-based screening and post-mortem genetic testing in decentralised diagnostics.
Sudden Death of a Four-Day-Old Newborn Due to Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein/Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiencies and a Systematic Literature Review of Early Deaths of Neonates with Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders — Drole Torkar et al., International journal of neonatal screening
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
2025
Higher lifetime trauma exposure in adolescent mothers was associated with higher evening salivary cortisol, and maternal trauma during pregnancy was associated with higher bedtime cortisol in infants, suggesting that self-collected saliva can capture diurnal cortisol patterns relevant to trauma research and decentralised sampling.
A Preliminary Investigation of Associations Between Traumatic Events Experienced During Pregnancy and Salivary Diurnal Cortisol Levels of Brazilian Adolescent Mothers and Infants — Wiley et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2025
In a national surveillance pilot in Georgia, 39.8% of children aged 5-7 years had blood lead levels at or above 3.5 micrograms per decilitre, with predictors including male sex, unpainted housing, urban living in Imereti, and household lead bullet production and spice use in Adjara. The study shows that VAMS is a feasible, less invasive method for accurate lead testing in resource limited settings.
Blood Lead Levels in Children 5 to 7 Years of Age from the Republic of Georgia: A Feasibility Study on Lead Surveillance Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling — Rylander et al., Environmental health perspectives
- blood
- dried
- vams
- pediatric
2025
Dried blood spot sampling matched venous serum performance for islet autoantibody detection and was considered minimally invasive and convenient by parents and stakeholders, supporting its use for decentralised screening in home or community settings.
Establishing the performance and acceptability of dried blood spot sampling to screen for islet-specific autoantibodies — Faustini et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2025
Over two years, 1,507 participants used in-home capillary blood spot sampling for islet autoantibody screening, with only one reporting collection failure, compared with five failures among 276 venipuncture participants. Blood spot sampling reached younger and regionally based Australians at lower cost and with greater convenience, identifying preclinical type 1 diabetes at expected prevalence and supporting early diagnosis without the barriers of clinic-based venous draws.
Islet Autoantibody Screening Throughout Australia Using In-Home Blood Spot Sampling: 2-Year Outcomes of Type1Screen — Wentworth et al., Diabetes care (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2025
Among children of parents with bipolar disorder, saliva samples collected at home over two days showed that improvements in family organisation during a six-month prevention programme were associated with adaptive changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, including elevated cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal slope. These results indicate that decentralised saliva collection can capture clinically meaningful neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial interventions in at-risk paediatric populations.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and the impact of the family environment: A pilot study of the Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) prevention program — Ping et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2025
Salivary concentrations of 17OH-progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and progesterone showed strong positive correlations with serum in both prepubertal and pubertal children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, supporting saliva as a minimally invasive alternative to venipuncture for diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
[Salivary steroid profile investigation by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia] — Tiulpakov et al., Problemy endokrinologii
- blood
- saliva
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2025
In an adolescent with cerebral palsy undergoing a home-based, remotely supervised sprint-intensity interval training intervention, dried blood spot testing demonstrated a 37.8% reduction in triglycerides and a 15.4% improvement in total cholesterol to HDL ratio. This illustrates how remote microsampling can support decentralized metabolic monitoring in pediatric disability rehabilitation.
Sprint-Intensity Arm Interval Training May Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Among Children With Mobility Disabilities: Case Report — Dean et al., JMIR formative research
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2025
A new model using sex, age and body surface area most accurately predicted one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren, outperforming eleven existing methods; this improves decentralised assessment of chemical exposure and dietary nutrient intake from first-void urine.
Prediction of one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren based on anthropometric measurements — Kato et al., Environmental health and preventive medicine
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- pediatric
2025
The study found that levels of an acrylamide metabolite in first-void urine were significantly and inversely associated with testosterone, puberty stage and facial hair growth in boys aged 13 to 14, but not in girls, suggesting that acrylamide exposure may disrupt pubertal development in males through effects on testosterone.
Acrylamide exposure, sex hormones, and pubertal status in Japanese adolescents — Nagata et al., International journal of environmental health research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hormones
- toxicology
2025
The study develops and validates a dried blood microsampling method for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS, showing that small-volume, minimally invasive capillary blood collection is feasible and suitable for unstable, low-abundant analytes, enabling practical decentralised sampling in vulnerable populations.
Assessment of dried blood micro-sampling methods for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS — Albiach-Delgado et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
2025
Whole-genome sequencing of dried blood spots from 1,000 newborns identified 16 infants with high-chance results, most missed by standard screening. The 13-day turnaround and high parental acceptability show a feasible, scalable model for decentralised genomic screening.
Feasibility, acceptability and clinical outcomes of the BabyScreen+ genomic newborn screening study — Lunke et al., Nature medicine
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
- genotyping
2024
An analysis of 88 individuals aged 7 to 18 years found that stimulated saliva collection detected disease-associated microbiome taxa that unstimulated sampling missed. The authors note that sampling protocols must be standardised before results can be compared across decentralised studies.
Saliva sampling method influences oral microbiome composition and taxa associated with oral diseases — Roca et al., PLoS ONE
- microbiome
- pediatric
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2024
In 91 children and adults, capillary C-peptide taken with the TAP device matched venous sampling with 100% sensitivity and specificity for a clinically relevant level, 200 pmol/L or above, with r = 0.996. 63% preferred it to a needle against 7% who preferred the needle, and same-day bruising was 5.5% versus 34.8% after a venous draw.
Transdermal blood sampling for C-peptide is a minimally invasive, reliable alternative to venous sampling in children and adults with type 1 diabetes — Besser et al., Diabetes Care
- blood
- liquid
- yourbio
- capillary
- pediatric
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- validation
2024
In at-home and trial settings, a wet capillary device reliably collected a median ~450 µL with a 4.4% failure rate; 88% of adults preferred self-collection over venipuncture, with lower pain.
Feasibility, acceptability and safety of a device for self-collecting capillary blood in clinical trials — Dasari et al., PLOS ONE
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- pediatric
- liquid
- validation
2024
In children, stool preserved in OMNIgene-GUT kept its microbial community structure better than unpreserved stool, with alpha and beta diversity similar to direct freezing, which supports the kit for decentralised stool collection from children.
Omnigene-Gut<sup>tm</sup> ensures fecal microbiome stability in the pediatric population — Hoogendijk et al., AMB Express
- dct
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- microbiome
- pediatric
- stool
- validation
2024
In a cross-sectional study of 90 adolescents, 94 per cent provided at least one salivary sample and 89 per cent supplied a stool sample, with high adherence to study instructions, indicating that self-collection of these biospecimens is feasible and acceptable in this age group.
Engaging adolescents in research: Home self-collection of biological samples and health questionnaires — Leung et al., Research in nursing & health (paywalled)
- acceptability
- self-collection
- microbiome
- pediatric
- stool
- saliva
2024
A validated LC-MS/MS assay successfully measured 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva, requiring only 50 microlitres, or down to 2 to 5 microlitres for nine analytes. This shows saliva's viability for non-invasive, patient-centric microsampling and decentralised monitoring in paediatric, neonatal and adult populations.
An LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva: potential utility for paediatric population and beyond — Dahl et al., Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation (paywalled)
- cortisol
- self-collection
- steroids
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2024
The study validated a VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for measuring sirolimus levels, showing it was clinically equivalent to the standard whole blood method and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant patients, supporting the use of decentralised microsampling for this purpose.
Personalization of pharmacotherapy with sirolimus based on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) in pediatric renal transplant recipients-from LC-MS/MS method validation to clinical application — Kocur et al., Pharmacological reports : PR
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
The study developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods for ciclosporin in whole blood and volumetric absorptive microsampling across 1-2000 ng/mL, meeting international bioanalytical criteria, and confirmed interchangeability with clinical samples and external proficiency testing, supporting decentralised microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in children.
A novel approach to therapeutic drug monitoring of Ciclosporin in pediatric renal transplant recipients using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) - Teaching old dog new tricks — Kocur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- tdm
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
Capillary serum collected with Tasso-SST and Tasso+ devices correlated with venous plasma at r = 0.98 for abrocitinib and its three metabolites, and exposure met bioequivalence criteria; the authors present this as the basis for using Tasso devices in future paediatric studies of abrocitinib.
Patient-centric microsampling for abrocitinib pharmacokinetics: multiple-analytes assay bridging using Tasso device — Tripathy et al., Bioanalysis
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2024
Using the Oragene saliva device, this study identified elevated CYP2C8 allele frequencies in a Saudi paediatric cohort compared to other Asian populations, suggesting potential variability in ibuprofen metabolism and drug response.
Pediatric pharmacogenetics: profiling CYP2C8 polymorphisms at King Abdulaziz University Dental Clinic — Bagher et al., Drug metabolism and personalized therapy (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2024
Primary caregivers of children with metabolic disorders found at-home dried blood spot collection acceptable after training, which could enable more timely and cost-effective monitoring. This supports the feasibility of decentralised, patient-centric sampling for long-term condition management.
Acceptability of dried blood spot collection by primary caregivers of Filipino patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) — Merencilla et al., Journal of community genetics (paywalled)
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- pediatric
2024
This study of 82 children with concussion found that capillary blood collected with a Mitra device within 48 hours of injury could not identify protein markers that predict persistent posttraumatic headache at two weeks. The negative result highlights the need for novel biomarker discovery to enable risk stratification in paediatric concussion using decentralised sampling.
Capillary blood protein markers of posttraumatic headache in children after concussion — Fan et al., Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2024
In a 14-day study of youth with neurodevelopmental conditions and chronic pain, multimodal in-home monitoring achieved good accelerometer wear compliance (77% wore devices for at least 7 days) and moderate survey engagement, but adherence to salivary cortisol sampling was low at 28% after excluding protocol violations and dry swabs. Families reported high overall satisfaction and willingness to participate again, highlighting that remote sampling protocols in pediatric populations require iterative tailoring to improve biospecimen collection adherence.
The Living Lab at Home: Feasibility and Acceptability of Multimodal In-Home Data Collection Among Youth Across the Developmental Spectrum — Boerner et al., Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- cortisol
- wearable
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2024
Four years after vaccination, HPV-16/18 prevalence in schoolgirls fell from 3–6% to under 0.6% for both single-dose and two-dose regimens, with single-dose effectiveness at 90.6% proving non-inferior to the two-dose schedule. This validates first-void urine sampling for community-based vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised screening programmes.
Community intervention of a single-dose or 2-dose regimen of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in schoolgirls in Thailand: vaccine effectiveness 2 years and 4 years after vaccination — Jiamsiri et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hpv
2024
A feasibility study at a Kathmandu maternity hospital showed newborn metabolic screening using dried blood spots achieved 98.8% parental consent, driven primarily by cost-free participation. Despite pandemic-related transport delays to a central Indian laboratory, results were delivered within two weeks, detecting metabolic abnormalities in 13 of 825 infants, with 90% of healthcare providers endorsing routine implementation.
Feasibility of clinical newborn metabolic screening in a high-volume maternity center in Nepal — Khan et al., BMC global and public health
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
2024
The study found low SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in unvaccinated children and young adults in British Columbia, with higher rates in South Asian participants and young infants. Many infections were undetected, highlighting the value of patient-centric microsampling for more accurate, decentralised surveillance.
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults — Silverberg et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2024
The authors validated a UPLC-PDA assay for ceftazidime in 10 microlitre dried blood spots collected with the Capitainer device from neonatal patients, achieving accuracy of 90.1 to 104.8 per cent and precision within 11.7 per cent coefficient of variation across a quantification range of 0.5 to 200 micrograms per millilitre, and confirmed the method worked on clinical neonatal samples. This supports microsampling-based therapeutic drug monitoring of an antimicrobial in a vulnerable population where conventional venous blood draws are difficult.
Development and validation of a UPLC-PDA method for quantifying ceftazidime in dried blood spots — Lv et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
Plasma separation cards showed high specificity (99.3%) but moderate sensitivity (87.5%) against EDTA-plasma for HIV-1 viral load monitoring at a 1,000 copies/ml threshold in a South African cohort. Despite favourable usability among healthcare workers, laboratory-reported technical difficulties must be addressed to enable reliable decentralised scale-up in resource-constrained settings.
Assessment of the performance of the plasma separation card for HIV-1 viral load monitoring in South Africa — Chimoyi et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2024
The study developed a curcumin-embedded paper sensor for bilirubin detection in saliva, coupled with an IoT-enabled hand-held reader. Clinical testing in 18 jaundiced infants demonstrated good correlation with reference methods for both salivary and blood bilirubin, indicating utility for decentralised neonatal jaundice monitoring.
Spicy Recipe for At-Home Diagnostics: Smart Salivary Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Jaundice — Golmohammadi et al., ACS sensors (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2024
A community survey of 1699 Tanzanian children using dried blood spots found 17.4% had residual antibiotics, with half of those exposed having no reported use, showing microsampling can reveal hidden antibiotic exposure for stewardship programmes.
Prevalence and predictors of residual antibiotics in children's blood in community settings in Tanzania — Lotto et al., Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- antimicrobials
2024
Maltreated adolescents exhibited persistently flattened cortisol diurnal rhythms when saliva was collected at home, showing that decentralised, patient-centric microsampling across laboratory, home, and school settings can reveal neurobiological adaptations to chronic stress. This supports saliva self-collection as a feasible method for monitoring HPA axis dysfunction in vulnerable youth.
Cortisol's diurnal rhythm indexes the neurobiological impact of child adversity in adolescence — Shirtcliff et al., Biological psychology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
The study developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods for ganciclovir in serum, dried serum spots, and VAMS-Mitra devices. In 80 pediatric renal transplant recipients, VAMS showed interchangeability with serum samples while extending stability to at least 49 days at room temperature, making decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring more feasible for transplant patients.
Assessment of Dried Serum Spots (DSS) and Volumetric-Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of (Val)Ganciclovir-Comparative Study in Analytical and Clinical Practice — Kocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
A validated LC-MS method quantified multiple antibiotics from a single volumetric absorptive microsample, with stability up to 90 days for most analytes and minimal haematocrit effect except vancomycin, enabling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in decentralised settings.
Bioanalysis of six antibiotics from volumetric microsamples: a new tool for precision dosing in critically ill children — Takyi-Williams et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2024
An on-line SPE-LC-MS method using 10 microlitre capillary blood samples collected on VAMS tips achieved lower limits of quantitation of 0.03 micromolar for methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX and 0.05 micromolar for DAMPA, with acceptable accuracy and precision. A plasma-to-whole-blood correlation factor of 0.46 was observed, supporting low-volume pediatric drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of methotrexate from serum and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2024
This review of 2022 to 2023 work surveys dried blood microsampling for targeted and untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling, finding the approach viable across paediatric research, therapeutic drug monitoring, metabolite screening, biomarker discovery, sports supervision, clinical disorder studies and forensic toxicology. The authors note that dried blood spots and VAMS dominate the published literature over other volumetric formats, and argue that harmonising analytical methods would accelerate wider clinical adoption of microsampling as an alternative to conventional plasma or serum profiling.
Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in dried blood microsampling: Recent applications and perspectives — Couacault et al., Analytical science advances
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- toxicology
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2024
Self-collected saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity with an overall agreement of 84% compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, supporting its use as a viable diagnostic option where laboratory facilities are limited.
MOLECULAR DETECTION PROTOCOL OF SARS-COV-2 THROUGH SELF-COLLECTED SALIVA SPECIMENS VERSUS NASOPHARYNGEAL SWABS — Abderezak et al., African journal of infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2024
Adolescents collecting blood microsamples at home achieved varying success rates across six devices, with Minicollect tubes performing poorest. The confirmation that visual inspection alone was insufficient, by analytical variability, underscores the need for robust quality assessment before deploying any device in decentralised trials.
Self-Sampling by Adolescents at Home: Assessment of the Feasibility to Successfully Collect Blood Microsamples by Inexperienced Individuals — Boffel et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- dct
2023
A study of 50 paediatric renal transplant recipients found that a validated VAMS LC-MS/MS method for tacrolimus showed high correlation with the reference method over 0.5–60 ng/mL, with minimal haematocrit effect.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus Based on VAMS in Renal Transplant Pediatric Recipients — LC-MS/MS Method, Hematocrit Effect, and Clinical Application — Kocur et al., Pharmaceutics
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2023
VAMS microsampling found no significant difference from venous blood for tacrolimus in paediatric patients; samples were stable for 14 days, with average difference between paired at-home samples of 0.12 ± 0.94 ng/mL.
VAMS and parallel-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry for tacrolimus trough measurements at home in paediatric heart-transplant patients — Zhao et al., J. Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2023
In children, VAMS and dried plasma spot voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole correlated with fresh plasma, Spearman 0.82–0.94, and stayed stable at room temperature for at least 14 days: refrigeration-free antifungal TDM in paediatrics.
VAMS and dried plasma spot for antifungal triazole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole) in pediatric patients by LC-MS/MS — Simeoli et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- pediatric
2023
During ACTH stimulation, salivary cortisol correlated only weakly with serum and gave modest accuracy: saliva does not reliably replace serum cortisol for adrenal insufficiency. A concrete limit.
Reliability of Salivary versus Serum Cortisol for Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency in Children — Ciancia et al., Children
- venous-agreement
- blood
- cortisol
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2023
This review evaluates established and emerging capillary blood sampling techniques, comparing factors such as wound geometry and patient comfort, and identifies microneedles as a promising option for paediatric care because they can obtain samples virtually painlessly.
Minimally invasive capillary blood sampling methods — Hoffman et al., Expert review of medical devices (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- acceptability
- pediatric
2023
Using the Oragene Discovery 500 series for decentralised saliva collection in 524 African American adolescents, this study found that positive neighbourhood conditions relate to fewer behavioural difficulties, despite genetic risk. The authors note that most gene-environment studies of behaviour use European ancestry samples, limiting generalisability to African American youth.
Genetic Risk, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Behavioral Difficulties Among African American Adolescents Living in Very Low-Income Neighborhoods — Sterrett-Hong et al., Research on child and adolescent psychopathology (paywalled)
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- saliva
- genotyping
2023
In 28 healthy adults, alectinib concentrations from capillary microsamples were generally similar to venous ones, which supports the method for therapeutic drug monitoring; the study tested a paediatric-friendly suspension, and the authors point to children, for whom venepuncture is difficult, as the intended use.
Relative bioavailability and food effect study of an oral suspension of alectinib in healthy volunteers using venipuncture and capillary microsampling — Liu et al., Clinical and translational science
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2023
Dried blood spot microsampling shows that paediatric lipid profiles vary significantly across three age groups, 0-10 days, 2-18 months and 3-13 years, with differences in 16 specific lipid species. The authors caution that paediatric ages remain under-mapped in DBS lipidomics and further investigation is required before establishing reference standards.
Lipid profile variability in children at different ages measured in dried blood spots — Ferreira et al., Molecular omics (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2023
A new method using a direct mercury analyser allows for precise total mercury measurement in dried blood spot samples while controlling for sample volume. This approach facilitates minimally invasive capillary blood collection, making it highly suitable for human biomonitoring studies in vulnerable populations such as children.
A simple method for direct mercury analysis in dried blood spots (DBS) samples for human biomonitoring studies — González-Rubio et al., Environment international (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- toxicology
2023
A validated LC-MS/MS method successfully quantified vincristine in paediatric patient-centric whole blood collected via VAMS microsampling, spanning 1 to 50 ng/mL with intra- and inter-accuracy and precision within ±10.3% and ≤7.3%. Whole blood concentrations showed a non-linear relationship to plasma concentrations, which was described by a saturable binding model.
A sensitive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of vincristine in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling — van et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2023
A study of 50 paediatric renal transplant recipients found that a UHPLC-MS/MS method successfully quantified mycophenolic acid in VAMS microsampling samples over a 0.10-15 µg/mL range. However, converting microsampling results to plasma equivalents using haematocrit-based regression is required for clinical interpretation, supporting patient-centric decentralised monitoring.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) in pediatric renal transplant recipients: ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method development, cross-validation, and clinical application — Kocur et al., Pharmacological reports : PR
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2023
Toddler saliva cortisol fell from an initial rise back to low levels over three months, matching parents' and caregivers' reports of an easy start when parents were present followed by demanding first weeks of separation and then improved well-being; this concordance supports using self-collected saliva cortisol as a pragmatic, patient-centric biomarker of adaptation during the transition to childcare.
Do toddlers' levels of cortisol and the perceptions of parents and professional caregivers tell the same story about transition from home to childcare? A mixed method study — Drugli et al., Frontiers in psychology
- saliva
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2023
Volumetric absorptive microsampling of whole blood did not provide a reliable basis for calculating meropenem plasma concentrations in critically ill children, so a validated low volume plasma method was required for paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring.
Developing a Method for Quantifying Meropenem in Children-Volumetric Adsorptive Microsampling Versus Plasma Sampling — Ramadan et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2023
Lead can be measured accurately in dried blood spots by ICP-MS only when matrix-matched calibrators are used; aqueous calibrators perform poorly. The three methods evaluated showed strong agreement with whole blood analysis and offer a robust option for decentralised lead screening in children, though the recognised limitations of dried blood spots remain.
Matrix-matched calibrators are necessary for robust and high-quality dried blood spots lead screening assays by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry — Franco et al., Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- toxicology
2023
In term newborns, measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone from dried blood spots before 72 hours of life is as accurate as later sampling and enables treatment of positive cases around 6 days instead of 8.5 days, without increasing false positives; however, home sampling delays laboratory receipt and yields more unusable samples than hospital sampling.
Thyrotropin Screening of Newborns: Before or After 72 Hours of Life? Before Discharge or at Home? — Boros et al., Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
2023
Nine studies of non-pharmacological interventions in hospitalised children demonstrated reduced anxiety and distress when outcomes were confirmed by salivary cortisol, supporting saliva as an objective stress biomarker in paediatric settings. The authors concluded that higher-quality studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base for saliva cortisol as a reliable anxiety measurement tool.
Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review — Grigoropoulou et al., Pediatric reports
- saliva
- pediatric
- cortisol
2023
Self-collection of dried blood spots in the home was feasible for healthy youth, with 82% consenting to provide a sample in the lab and 75% of those willing to self-collect at home, and DNA extraction quality was high across demographic groups.
At-home dried blood spot (DBS) collection to increase population heterogeneity representation in pediatric research: An ECHO study — Green et al., Frontiers in pediatrics
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
2023
The study found that minimally invasive self-sampling at home was acceptable to most families, with saliva and hand sampling well tolerated across all ages and nasal sampling mainly accepted by adults and children over five. This supports the use of decentralised, patient-centric microsampling for long-term community surveillance of microbiota.
Assessing the use of minimally invasive self-sampling at home for long-term monitoring of the microbiota within UK families — Nikolaou et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- microbiome
2023
The study found that congenital cytomegalovirus infection is significantly associated with asymmetric bilateral and profound sensorineural hearing loss in children, based on retrospective analysis of dried blood spot testing. This supports the use of decentralised microsampling for early identification of at-risk children, enabling timely intervention.
Factors associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection detected by dried blood spot testing in children with hearing loss — Liao et al., International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2023
Latent profile analysis of more than 4000 saliva cortisol samples from children aged two, three-and-a-half, and five years identified three diurnal patterns: a predominant low/regular profile, a low/flat profile, and a high/fluctuating profile associated with home childcare, higher temperamental surgency, and maternal depressive symptoms. The study observed only moderate stability across the three-year follow-up, with half of children moving between groups, and highlights methodological issues in pediatric saliva sampling, supporting decentralised, longitudinal biomarker monitoring in early childhood.
Latent profile analysis of diurnal cortisol patterns at the ages of 2, 3.5, and 5 years: Associations with childcare setting, child individual characteristics, and maternal distress — Tervahartiala et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2023
First-void urine samples from 85 Austrian school children aged six to ten showed frequent low-level exposure to mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, with 22 percent exceeding the tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol and some facing possible health risks from ochratoxin A. The results support urine microsampling for decentralised exposome monitoring in paediatric populations.
The Austrian children's biomonitoring survey 2020 Part B: Mycotoxins, phytotoxins, phytoestrogens and food processing contaminants — Ayeni et al., Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2023
Researchers validated a microsampling method for measuring baricitinib levels in children aged 2–18 years using the Mitra device. The approach showed good agreement with conventional plasma sampling and was well received by clinical sites, suggesting it could support paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring and trial enrolment.
Microsampling in pediatric studies: pharmacokinetic sampling for baricitinib (Olumiant™) in global pediatric studies — Wickremsinhe et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2023
The study developed and validated a UHPLC-MS/MS method to measure eight antibiotics in quantitative dried blood spots collected from neonates using a capillary microsampling device. This patient-centric approach enables robust pharmacokinetic monitoring in children where blood volume is limited, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
A Validated UHPLC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Eight Antibiotics in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots in Support of Pharmacokinetic Studies in Neonates — Liu et al., Antibiotics
- blood
- dried
- qdbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2023
High-performing dried blood spot assays have been developed and validated for measuring environmental exposures to tobacco smoke, trace elements, and several endocrine-disrupting chemicals, confirming the method as a viable minimally invasive alternative to venous sampling for field-based public health screening and paediatric epidemiological studies. Further validation is required for cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, and bisphenol A to expand the panel of reliable decentralised exposure biomarkers.
A state-of-the-science review and guide for measuring environmental exposure biomarkers in dried blood spots — Jacobson et al., Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2022
A review of dried blood microsampling for tyrosine kinase inhibitor monitoring, covering the analytical and clinical requirements for moving oral cancer-drug TDM out of hospital.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Dried Blood Microsamples — Verougstraete et al., Frontiers in Oncology
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- pediatric
- validation
2022
This review shows that patient-centric Mitra microsampling devices accurately collect fixed blood volumes for immunosuppressant monitoring, reducing haematocrit bias compared to classic dried blood spots. While ideal for paediatric adherence, wider decentralised adoption requires further multicentre validation and cross-laboratory harmonisation to address current analytical and cost limitations.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Drugs — From Sampling and Analytical Issues to Clinical Application — Kocur & Pawiński, Int. J. Molecular Sciences
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2022
The paper records that the TAP II devices used for the infant draws were provided by YourBio Health, and that capillary serum was collected from babies as young as two months: the smallest patients sampled, without a heel prick or a venepuncture.
Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection — Shook, Edlow et al., JAMA
- blood
- liquid
- yourbio
- capillary
- pediatric
- serology
2022
The study established reference intervals for TSH in dried blood spots for both adults and neonates and defined a quantitative relationship between DBS and serum TSH levels. This allows DBS to be used as a viable, patient-centric alternative to venepuncture for thyroid function monitoring, particularly where venous sampling is difficult.
Adult and neonate TSH blood spot reference intervals — Morris et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2022
In British Columbia, finger-prick dried blood spots had 97% specificity and 79% sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated groups, rising to 97 to 100% after vaccination, against serum; limited to one jurisdiction, the results support decentralised serosurveillance with self-collected dried blood spots.
Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Detect a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response — Nikiforuk et al., Microbiology spectrum
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- serology
- capillary
- pediatric
2022
Glyphosate was quantifiable in 99.8% of first-void urine samples from 6848 French adults and children, with higher levels in men and children and lower levels associated with organic food intake and filtered water; occupational exposure was higher in farmers, indicating widespread environmental contamination relevant to decentralised exposure monitoring.
Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers — Grau et al., Environmental science and pollution research international
- first-void
- toxicology
- pediatric
- urine
2022
The dried blood spot method via fingerprick showed greater variability than venipuncture for antipsychotic drug concentrations but was feasible in children and adolescents with behavioural problems, and higher risperidone trough concentrations correlated with both increased weight gain and greater effectiveness, enabling definition of a therapeutic window for safer dosing in this population.
[Improving the safety of antipsychotic drugs in children and adolescents by antipsychotic drug concentration measurements using a fingerprick] — Kloosterboer et al., Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
Self-collected saliva and mid-turbinate nasal swabs showed greater than 95 per cent positive agreement with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in children when collected within ten days of symptom onset, dropping to 82 per cent for later or asymptomatic cases. This validates less invasive, patient-centric sampling for decentralised diagnostics in pediatric populations.
Comparison of Mid-turbinate Nasal Swabs, Saliva, and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing in Pediatric Outpatients — Vos et al., Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
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