The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 314 labelled “saliva”, newest first.
2026
Participants preferred the Omnigene and Zymo oral swabs for comfort and ease of use, whilst the Omnigene device yielded the highest median bacterial DNA concentration compared to the other devices. The results indicate that the choice of self-collection device impacts both patient acceptability and DNA yield for oral microbiome analysis.
Comparison of self-collected oral swabs for supragingival microbiome characterization using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing — Rooney et al., Journal of microbiological methods (paywalled)
- acceptability
- stabilised
- self-collection
- microbiome
- saliva
2026
Saliva samples collected using the OMNIgene ORAL device and oral wash samples remain stable for microbiome diversity and relative abundance analyses for up to five years when stored at -80°C. This supports the use of these self-collection methods for long-term prospective biobanking and decentralised clinical studies.
Long-term stability at -80°C of oral wash and saliva samples for microbiome analyses — Slack et al., Microbiology spectrum (paywalled)
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- self-collection
- microbiome
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2026
A prospective study of eleven adults with epilepsy found that saliva microsampling using VAMS showed excellent agreement with conventional liquid saliva for perampanel quantification, with a mean bias of -0.126 ng/mL. This supports analytical equivalence for decentralised monitoring, though the small sample size limits generalisability.
Clinical validation of a patient-friendly saliva microsampling approach to monitor perampanel levels in people with epilepsy — Franco et al., Epilepsia (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- tdm
- validation
- saliva
2026
Single unstimulated whole saliva measurements show high physiological variability, but averaging repeated self-collected samples, particularly in the evening, improves diagnostic reliability. This validation supports the implementation of home-based saliva testing for salivary gland dysfunction.
Repeated Unstimulated Whole Saliva Collection: A Reliable Approach to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy — Musella et al., Journal of oral rehabilitation
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
2026
This study validated a low-cost 3D-printed smartphone attachment and paper sensor for measuring glucose, uric acid and cholesterol in saliva, demonstrating high correlation with standard ELISA results in a small clinical cohort. The authors suggest this platform offers a scalable solution for decentralised diabetes management by balancing sensitivity with affordability.
Nanostructured zinc-coordination supraparticles on cellulose fibers: A 3D-Printed μ-FAD integrated smartphone platform for multiplexed salivary metabolic monitoring — Yang et al., Biosensors & bioelectronics (paywalled)
- dct
- economics
- metabolome
- self-collection
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2026
This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly reduced salivary interleukin-6 levels in mothers with postnatal depression.
Community singing intervention reduces maternal salivary cytokines and enhances maternal-infant cortisol synchrony in postnatal depression: biological findings from the SHAPER-PND trial — Kirkpatrick et al., Brain, behavior, and immunity (paywalled)
- dct
- cortisol
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
At-home saliva sampling for cortisol was feasible over 12 days in two people with poststroke aphasia, with the cortisol awakening response remaining consistent across days and weeks.
Intraindividual Variability of the Cortisol Awakening Response, Sleep Dynamics, Stress, and Emotion in Two Persons With Poststroke Aphasia — Laures-Gore et al., Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR (paywalled)
- cortisol
- self-collection
- hormones
- liquid
- saliva
2026
Self-collected salivary progesterone and the ratio of estradiol to progesterone showed strong agreement with serum levels, supporting the use of saliva as a noninvasive matrix for monitoring the menstrual cycle.
Salivary estradiol and progesterone across the menstrual cycle: Association and agreement with serum concentrations — Goldenstein et al., Physiological reports
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- saliva
2026
Using a synthetic swab for saliva collection gave results closest to no swab for both resting and stimulated samples, indicating minimal pre-analytical interference. The widest metabolite coverage was achieved with ACN:MeOH at 1:1 v/v and a ZIC-HILIC column for polar metabolites plus a C18 column for non-polar metabolites, and resting versus stimulated saliva yielded distinct metabolic profiles that may provide complementary clinical insights.
Impact of Selected Pre-Analytical and Analytical Factors on Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics — Michorowska et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- metabolome
- self-collection
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2026
The study found that self-collected dried saliva on FishburneTabs achieved 92% accuracy for viral RNA detection compared to standard liquid saliva samples. This method supports decentralised testing by enabling reliable sample storage and transport for upper respiratory infections.
Validation of Dried Saliva for Molecular Diagnostics — Mora et al., ACS measurement science au
- self-collection
- dried
- serology
- validation
- saliva
2026
This study found that salivary 11-dehydrodexamethasone correlates strongly with serum dexamethasone, unlike salivary dexamethasone which shows poor agreement. This validation suggests patients could self-collect saliva samples at home to verify dexamethasone absorption for the overnight suppression test.
The Utility of Salivary 11-Dehydrodexamethasone as a Marker of Dexamethasone Absorption — Marshall et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- cortisol
- self-collection
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2026
This study validated a lateral flow fluorescence assay using quantum dots for saliva and europium nanoparticles for serum to detect cortisol within physiological ranges. The test operates in 15 minutes with a handheld reader, supporting point-of-care and at-home monitoring without a cold chain.
Ultrasensitive de novo Protein Sandwich Lateral flow Fluorescence Assay for Cortisol in Saliva and Serum using Quantum dots and Europium Nanoparticles — Bruno et al., Journal of fluorescence (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
2026
The study determined that an at-home saliva collection protocol using the passive drool method was feasible for Black women with histories of abuse, with 84% of participants completing at least one full day of adherent sampling. While the decentralised approach yielded usable cortisol data, women with histories of forced sex exposure showed lower protocol adherence scores.
Repeat At-Home Saliva Collection to Measure Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR): Protocol Feasibility Study Among Black Women With Histories of Abuse — Tsuyuki et al., Interactive journal of medical research (paywalled)
- dct
- acceptability
- cortisol
- self-collection
- liquid
- saliva
2026
The study found that oral fluid microsampling using VAMS has high patient acceptability, 90% vs 28% for urine, and over 88% agreement with urine toxicology screening, making it a practical alternative for substance use disorder monitoring with reduced sample adulteration risk and lower costs.
Evaluation of oral fluid microsampling as a urine surrogate matrix in substance use disorder care: clinical applicability and analytical performance — Thiebot et al., Clinical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- toxicology
- urine
- saliva
2026
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
Integrating Microsampling in Human Biomonitoring: Methodologies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Case Study Insights — Rajamani & Poongavanam, Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- wearable
- acceptability
- multimodal
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- standards
- dried
- serology
- colorectal
- pediatric
- stool
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
This study demonstrates that a memristor sensor can identify distinct electrical signatures in saliva and urine corresponding to different ovulation phases, suggesting a potential route for noninvasive home fertility monitoring.
A Noninvasive Method for Dynamic Ovulation Monitoring Based on Memristor — Chen et al., ACS omega
- fertility
- hormones
- liquid
- urine
- saliva
2026
In a study of 46 perinatal nicotine users, dried blood spots and saliva were used weekly to measure reproductive hormones, finding that lower postpartum estradiol and greater peripartum declines in oxytocin were associated with increased nicotine craving and use. This demonstrates the feasibility of decentralised microsampling and remote surveys for longitudinal hormone tracking in vulnerable populations.
Exploring hormonal influences on nicotine craving and use across the perinatal period: A prospective longitudinal study — Allen et al., Drug and alcohol dependence reports (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- cortisol
- self-collection
- dried
- fertility
- hormones
- saliva
2026
Saliva and dried saliva spot lamotrigine concentrations correlated strongly with plasma (R approximately 0.84 to 0.85), supporting saliva and DSS as needle-free alternatives for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Toward needle-free lamotrigine monitoring: Proof-of-concept for saliva and dried saliva spot analysis by LC-MS/MS - a short communication — Ďurčová et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- saliva
- dried
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2026
In people at high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, saliva showed decreased EBV load and increased EBV DNA methylation compared with controls, and a stepwise strategy that adds saliva testing to serum EBV antibodies improved triage efficiency.
Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA methylation and load in saliva in the management of individuals at high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma — Zheng et al., Biomarker research
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
A triple-channel immunochromatographic system using quantum dots detected influenza A and B and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins in saliva with limits of detection from 0.227 to 0.348 ng/mL. Testing of 15 influenza A patients and 20 healthy controls showed 100% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity, indicating potential for accurate home-based respiratory virus screening.
A multiplexed three-channel detection system for rapid home-based diagnosis of respiratory viruses — Huang et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- serology
2026
Salivary HPV DNA testing achieved 91.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity against oropharyngeal swab in patients with oral cavity cancer, demonstrating potential for non-invasive self-collection screening programmes and long-term monitoring of HPV-driven disease.
Application of a Saliva-Based Liquid Biopsy for the Detection of HPV in Patients With Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) — Bulfoni et al., Head & neck
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
2026
Lower salivary lactoferrin concentrations were independently associated with positive brain amyloid PET imaging and with periodontal disease, suggesting saliva lactoferrin may have value as a non-invasive biomarker in cognitive impairment assessment.
Relationship between salivary lactoferrin level and brain amyloid load in periodontal and non-periodontal subjects — Gil-Montoya et al., Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated adoption of decentralised testing and self-collected saliva specimens, but revealed challenges with variable diagnostic accuracy and lack of internationally standardised processing protocols. Stricter regulatory oversight and robust diagnostic stewardship are needed to balance broad access with clinical performance.
Beyond the laboratory: how COVID-19 reshaped specimen collection, testing workflows, and diagnostic algorithms — Domnich & Pariani, Expert review of molecular diagnostics (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
2026
Among 101 working-age women in Chicago, 70% returned at-home kits for capillary blood and saliva collection, demonstrating that patient-centric microsampling of stress biomarkers (cortisol and CRP) is feasible in diverse urban populations. This supports decentralised diagnostics for population health research.
A feasibility study exploring precarious employment and stress-related health among women — Oddo et al., BMC public health
- blood
- saliva
- capillary
- self-collection
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2026
This study demonstrated that a fully remote genome sequencing study using self-collected dried blood spots and buccal swabs is feasible for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome, with all participants completing the study and reporting the process was easy despite being lengthy. The design successfully returned actionable genetic findings, including those related to blood clot formation, to participants.
Study design with responsible return of results for a fully remote genome sequencing study in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome — Vrana-Diaz et al., Genetics in medicine open
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- dct
- genotyping
2026
A UPLC-MS/MS method for linezolid and metabolites in oral fluid and VAMS capillary blood satisfied ICH M10 validation requirements. Linezolid concentrations correlated strongly with venous plasma in both matrices, offering a non‑invasive option for therapeutic drug monitoring, whereas metabolites were systematically underestimated in VAMS and seldom detectable in oral fluid, restricting metabolite measurement.
Simultaneous quantification of linezolid and its metabolites (PNU-142300 and PNU-142586) in oral fluid and capillary blood by UPLC-MS/MS: method validation and clinical application using non-invasive sampling techniques — González-Berdullas et al., Journal of translational medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2025
Patient-centric microsampling of salivary cortisol shows a 12.6 nmol/L cutoff at 60 min post cosyntropin stimulation, 89% accuracy, 85% sensitivity and 90% specificity, for adrenal insufficiency diagnosis, but reproducibility in healthy volunteers was poor.
Utility of Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in the Diagnostics of Adrenal Insufficiency — Kvam Hellan et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (paywalled)
- cortisol
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2025
Testosterone, androstenedione, cortisol and cortisone were measurable from 200 µL saliva, but estradiol fell below quantification and progesterone in under half of samples: only a subset of steroids is reliable in saliva, and not interchangeable with serum.
Non-invasive assessment of free steroid hormones: a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for salivary steroid quantification — Slettvoll et al., Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- cortisol
- steroids
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2025
Dried saliva collected with the Mitra device correlated strongly with wet saliva but poorly with plasma unbound and total concentrations, indicating it is not a reliable substitute for plasma in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite. Capillary blood collected via VAMS remains a promising alternative for long term monitoring in paediatric patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Saliva for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: Bioanalytical Method Validation and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation — Kocur et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
This trial found that decentralised saliva collection in care home residents with dementia is feasible, but only 66% of 1,014 samples were valid for alpha-amylase and 62% for cortisol assays. Sponsors should note the authors' caveat that future trials require improved collection protocols, such as stimulating saliva flow, to ensure data quality.
The short-term impact of music interventions on stress: Results of a multinational cluster-randomized trial using salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase assessments in care home residents with dementia — Rasing et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- dct
- cortisol
- liquid
- saliva
2025
In a one-week virtual home clinic with 134 participants, 86 per cent returned saliva and 84 per cent returned stool, and most components were feasible and acceptable despite device and logistical challenges. This supports decentralised, patient-centric self-collection of non-blood biospecimens for research.
Collecting at-Home Biometric Measures for Longitudinal Research From the i3C: Feasibility and Acceptability Study — Russell et al., JMIR human factors
- saliva
- stool
- self-collection
- acceptability
- dct
- microbiome
2025
The paper highlights that while self-collection microsampling devices for blood and other matrices are advancing decentralised testing, standardisation of sample collection and integration into clinical workflows is critical for reliable results. This matters because it identifies key hurdles that must be overcome for patient-centric sampling to be widely adopted in healthcare.
Standardization of Microsampling Technologies for Accurate Sensing and Reliable Diagnostics — Mora & Mace, ACS sensors (paywalled)
- blood
- standards
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- validation
- saliva
2025
Self-collected oral and stool samples revealed distinct microbiome compositions in patients with endometriosis compared to controls, with Fusobacterium enrichment specifically observed in oral samples from moderate to severe cases. These results support the feasibility of decentralised self-collection for non-invasive biomarker screening in reproductive health.
Oral, Vaginal, and Stool Microbial Signatures in Patients With Endometriosis as Potential Diagnostic Non-Invasive Biomarkers: A Prospective Cohort Study — Hicks et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
- self-collection
- microbiome
- fertility
- stool
- saliva
- biomarkers
2025
This review summarises how incorporating saliva and urine into home-based point-of-care systems expands diagnostic accessibility for dengue virus, aligning with the WHO REASSURED framework for affordable and rapid testing.
Integrative Advances in Dengue Virus Diagnostics: From Technological Innovation to Tiered Diagnostic Systems — Shi et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
Cortisol dynamic range measured from participant-led saliva collection was feasible and associated with higher perceived stress and anxiety in African American women, suggesting saliva self-collection can serve as a decentralised biomarker of chronic stress.
A Community-Engaged Approach for Assessment of Cortisol Dynamic Range and Multilevel Chronic Stress in African Americans: FAITH! Heart Health+ Ancillary Study — Ortiz et al., Journal of participatory medicine
- cortisol
- self-collection
- hormones
- saliva
- biomarkers
2025
This survey found that whilst consumers were optimistic about using saliva for periodontitis diagnosis, many clinicians remained uncertain about the accuracy of the method. The results indicate a need for further evidence and education to support the adoption of decentralised saliva sampling workflows.
A survey of Australian consumers' and dentists' perceptions of saliva as a biofluid for periodontitis diagnosis — Sun et al., BMC oral health
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
2025
Capillary blood self-collected with the VAMS device showed 100 per cent agreement with serum for detecting SARS-CoV-2 S RBD antibodies in participants with known past infection, and saliva showed slightly lower but high agreement; agreement was good to almost perfect in those without known antibodies, and most participants found finger prick easy while half found the microsampler easy, supporting decentralised serosurveillance.
Performance and feasibility of self-microsampling of capillary blood and saliva for serological testing of SARS-CoV-2 — Morales et al., PloS one
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- serology
- capillary
- saliva
2025
This study found that a decontamination pipeline using metagenome-assembled genomes improves the accuracy of variant calling from saliva samples, showing superior concordance with blood-derived results compared to conventional methods. These results validate the potential of self-collected oral samples for accurate personal genotyping.
Metagenome-assembled genomes enhance bacterial read decontamination and variant calling in oral samples — An et al., iScience
- venous-agreement
- blood
- microbiome
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2025
In a feasibility pilot of 29 perimenopausal women using daily saliva progesterone measured at home, a significant association was seen between short luteal phases and having more cycles under 23 days, but this did not remain after adjusting for observation count and no differences were found for other cycle characteristics, suggesting short luteal phases may not reliably indicate cycle irregularity in this population.
The role of short luteal phases on cycle regularity during the perimenopausal transition — Visby Madsen et al., Menopause (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
2025
This Cochrane review identified 21 studies with over 13 million participants to evaluate decentralised SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies, including home-based saliva self-collection. It applied GRADE and SWiM methods to assess impact on COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations and deaths, establishing an evidence framework for patient-centric diagnostics.
Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in reducing COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths — Saif-Ur-Rahman et al., The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
2025
This paper describes a handheld electrochemical sensor for vitamin C measurement in saliva and urine, showing a linear range from 0.2 to 200 µm and detection limit of 0.03 µm. The device demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and recovery in human samples, suggesting potential for affordable home-based testing of vitamin C status.
A Multi-Channel Handheld Diagnostic Device Based on Green Biomimetic Material for Point-of-Care Testing of Vitamin C in Human Fluids — Fu et al., Advanced healthcare materials (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- liquid
- self-collection
- biomarkers
2025
In 20 adults, CRP measured in urine and saliva strongly correlated with serum CRP (Spearman rho 0.886) and was significantly elevated in participants with systemic inflammation compared with controls, suggesting these noninvasive matrices could replace venipuncture for monitoring inflammatory status in remote or at-home settings.
Multimodal Noninvasive Assessment of C-Reactive Protein for Systemic Inflammation in Adults: Cross-Sectional Study — Shim et al., JMIR formative research
- saliva
- urine
- stool
- sweat
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- biomarkers
2025
Oral sponge saliva RT-PCR achieved 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs in 3,488 symptomatic and asymptomatic adults, while buccal swab performance varied with infection history and symptoms. The rapid antigen test showed 66.9% sensitivity overall, increasing to 97% in high viral load samples. Oral sponge collection permits self-sampling without laboratory pre-analytical steps, offering a robust method for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 screening.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 screening tests: a national prospective analysis — Althaus et al., BMC infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
Long-term sleep quality improved significantly during an internet-based intervention for major depressive disorder. Patients with poor sleep initially showed blunted cortisol awakening responses, which normalised as sleep quality improved, demonstrating that self-collected saliva can track biological stress changes in decentralised mental health care.
Sleep quality and the biological stress system during an internet-based intervention for major depressive disorder — Laufer et al., Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- dct
2025
Self-collected saliva specimens yielded high-quality results for SARS-CoV-2 PCR and whole-genome sequencing in an occupational screening programme, with variant determination achieved in 67–83 per cent of positive samples. The study shows that PCR cycle threshold cut-offs critically influence sequencing success, supporting decentralised genomic surveillance for respiratory pathogens.
SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance using self-collected saliva specimens during occupational testing programs — Schnaubelt et al., Frontiers in public health
- saliva
- self-collection
- serology
2025
Higher lifetime trauma exposure in adolescent mothers was associated with higher evening salivary cortisol, and maternal trauma during pregnancy was associated with higher bedtime cortisol in infants, suggesting that self-collected saliva can capture diurnal cortisol patterns relevant to trauma research and decentralised sampling.
A Preliminary Investigation of Associations Between Traumatic Events Experienced During Pregnancy and Salivary Diurnal Cortisol Levels of Brazilian Adolescent Mothers and Infants — Wiley et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2025
Saliva-based RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 achieved 100 per cent sensitivity and 97 per cent specificity against nasopharyngeal swabs, while rapid antigen testing on saliva showed comparable performance and detected 97 per cent of infectious cases with cycle threshold values of 30 or below. This supports saliva self-collection as an accurate, practical option for decentralised COVID-19 screening.
Evaluating saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A practical alternative — Sultana et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
Researchers developed an assay to quantify seven cannabinoids and metabolites from 20 µL oral fluid self-collected via a VAMS device, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. In six cannabis consumers, the method successfully quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol up to 6236 ng/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of low-volume volumetric microsampling for non-invasive toxicology and roadside testing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by volumetric absorptive microsampling combined with UHPLC-HRMS — Thiebot et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2025
A saliva-derived transcriptomic signature using support vector machine learning detected gastric cancer with an AUC of 0.87, sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 70%. Tissue-based gene expression models performed poorly when applied to saliva, indicating that saliva-specific biomarker panels are needed for effective non-invasive gastric cancer screening.
Saliva-derived transcriptomic signature for gastric cancer detection using machine learning and leveraging publicly available datasets — Lopes et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2025
The authors developed disposable, calibration-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for detecting cocaine in human saliva collected via an oral swab workflow, achieving low micromolar sensitivity with results in under five minutes, and found that food and drink residues in saliva can compromise sensor accuracy.
Single-Use Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors for Calibration-Free Measurements in Human Saliva via Dual-Frequency Approaches: Prospects and Challenges — Liu et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- toxicology
2025
Self-collected saliva from asymptomatic healthcare workers yielded a cumulative pneumococcal carriage prevalence of 21% over four months, with 11% of samples testing positive by qPCR for piaB; serotypes 19F and 3 were common. This supports saliva as a viable decentralised specimen for respiratory pathogen surveillance.
Detection of Pneumococcal Carriage in Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers — Waghela et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
2025
Only 24% of participants completed this two-cycle feasibility study of AI-interpreted salivary ferning for ovulation prediction in females with irregular cycles, with 44% withdrawing citing cycle irregularity, pregnancy, or time constraints. The authors concluded that decentralised fertility trials must streamline procedures and provide ovulatory health education to improve retention and reduce burden before smartphone-based diagnostics can be scaled for this population.
Digitally Enabled AI-Interpreted Salivary Ferning-Based Ovulation Prediction: Feasibility Study — Peebles et al., Journal of medical Internet research
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2025
Among children of parents with bipolar disorder, saliva samples collected at home over two days showed that improvements in family organisation during a six-month prevention programme were associated with adaptive changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, including elevated cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal slope. These results indicate that decentralised saliva collection can capture clinically meaningful neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial interventions in at-risk paediatric populations.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and the impact of the family environment: A pilot study of the Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) prevention program — Ping et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2025
The Ovul portable device, which analyses dried saliva crystallisation patterns to detect the fertile window, achieved 97.4% sensitivity and 97.6% accuracy in women with idiopathic infertility, outperforming urine test strips while both methods maintained 100% specificity against folliculometry. This supports its use as a decentralised, patient‑centric tool for home fertility monitoring that could reduce costs and improve convenience.
Effectiveness of using ferning of the dried saliva crystallization to determine the fertile window in women with idiopathic infertility — Kolomiichenko et al., Wiadomosci lekarskie (paywalled)
- saliva
- dried
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
2025
This study developed a fluorescence probe for detecting histidine in saliva, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for cancer risk screening. The probe showed excellent recovery in real saliva samples and feasibility for point-of-care use in home or resource-limited settings.
Turn-on fluorescence sensing of histidine in body fluids: unveiling its oncogenic potential as a cancer risk biomarker — Indongo et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- oncology
- biomarkers
2025
In 404 symptomatic patients, self-collected nasal swabs and saliva showed almost perfect agreement with healthcare-collected nasopharyngeal swabs for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A RNA. Performance and reproducibility were favourable, and collection without viral transport media offers practical advantages for decentralised screening.
Evaluation of alternative clinical samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus by automated multiplex RT-PCR — Özarslan et al., Journal of infection in developing countries (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
In women with endometriosis, longer individual exercise sessions were associated with lower levels of salivary c-reactive protein and estradiol, as well as reduced pain and fat mass. The results demonstrate the utility of timed, at-home saliva self-collection for assessing systemic biomarkers in reproductive health research.
Is exercise duration more important than intensity in endometriosis? — Hartmann et al., BMC women's health
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2025
Salivary concentrations of 17OH-progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and progesterone showed strong positive correlations with serum in both prepubertal and pubertal children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, supporting saliva as a minimally invasive alternative to venipuncture for diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
[Salivary steroid profile investigation by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia] — Tiulpakov et al., Problemy endokrinologii
- blood
- saliva
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2025
A coffee-ring biosensor detected sepsis, COVID-19 and cancer proteins from self-collected saliva down to 3 pg/ml within 12 minutes, achieving sensitivity more than 100-fold higher than lateral flow assays. The system uses a smartphone camera and AI analysis, providing a rapid, affordable platform for decentralised protein diagnostics.
Plasmonic coffee-ring biosensing for AI-assisted point-of-care diagnostics — Behrouzi et al., Nature communications
- saliva
- self-collection
- serology
- biomarkers
2025
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is significantly elevated in both plasma and saliva of patients with mitochondrial disease, and saliva GDF15 levels correlate with disease severity. This supports saliva as a patient-centric matrix for decentralised disease monitoring, potentially reducing the need for venous blood draws.
The mitochondrial disease biomarker GDF15 is dynamic, quantifiable in saliva, and correlates with disease severity — Huang et al., Molecular genetics and metabolism (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- biomarkers
2024
Confirms urine is the second-most-applied VAMS matrix in forensics, collecting a consistent volume regardless of viscosity and enabling room-temperature storage and shipping.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Toxicology — Review, Toxics
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- urine
- validation
- saliva
2024
An analysis of 88 individuals aged 7 to 18 years found that stimulated saliva collection detected disease-associated microbiome taxa that unstimulated sampling missed. The authors note that sampling protocols must be standardised before results can be compared across decentralised studies.
Saliva sampling method influences oral microbiome composition and taxa associated with oral diseases — Roca et al., PLoS ONE
- microbiome
- pediatric
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2024
In a cross-sectional study of 90 adolescents, 94 per cent provided at least one salivary sample and 89 per cent supplied a stool sample, with high adherence to study instructions, indicating that self-collection of these biospecimens is feasible and acceptable in this age group.
Engaging adolescents in research: Home self-collection of biological samples and health questionnaires — Leung et al., Research in nursing & health (paywalled)
- acceptability
- self-collection
- microbiome
- pediatric
- stool
- saliva
2024
A validated LC-MS/MS assay successfully measured 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva, requiring only 50 microlitres, or down to 2 to 5 microlitres for nine analytes. This shows saliva's viability for non-invasive, patient-centric microsampling and decentralised monitoring in paediatric, neonatal and adult populations.
An LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva: potential utility for paediatric population and beyond — Dahl et al., Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation (paywalled)
- cortisol
- self-collection
- steroids
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2024
Self-collected oral sponge sampling found high accuracy for HPV DNA detection in oral cancer patients, with 100% specificity, 85.7% sensitivity and an AUC of 0.93, compared to oral rinse. The authors note larger cohorts are required to confirm performance.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Detection in Oral Rinse vs. Oral Sponge: A Preliminary Accuracy Report in Oral Cancer Patients — Panzarella et al., Cancers
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2024
This review found saliva comparable to blood and urine for detecting viral genetic material and antibodies, supporting patient-centric monitoring and decentralised surveillance. The authors state that standardised protocols and further validation are required for routine clinical use.
The Emergence of Saliva as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Viral Infections — Oliveira et al., Viruses
- blood
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2024
Using the Oragene saliva device, this study identified elevated CYP2C8 allele frequencies in a Saudi paediatric cohort compared to other Asian populations, suggesting potential variability in ibuprofen metabolism and drug response.
Pediatric pharmacogenetics: profiling CYP2C8 polymorphisms at King Abdulaziz University Dental Clinic — Bagher et al., Drug metabolism and personalized therapy (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2024
This randomised trial found that peer-delivered HIV self-testing and sexually transmitted infection self-sampling did not improve oral pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among transgender women in Uganda compared to standard care. Adherence was monitored using dried blood spots and urine, which showed a strong correlation in tenofovir detection.
Peer-Delivered HIV Self-Testing, Sexually Transmitted Infection Self-Sampling, and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Transgender Women in Uganda: A Randomized Trial — Mujugira et al., Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dbs
- self-collection
- tdm
- dct
- sti
2024
In a 14-day study of youth with neurodevelopmental conditions and chronic pain, multimodal in-home monitoring achieved good accelerometer wear compliance (77% wore devices for at least 7 days) and moderate survey engagement, but adherence to salivary cortisol sampling was low at 28% after excluding protocol violations and dry swabs. Families reported high overall satisfaction and willingness to participate again, highlighting that remote sampling protocols in pediatric populations require iterative tailoring to improve biospecimen collection adherence.
The Living Lab at Home: Feasibility and Acceptability of Multimodal In-Home Data Collection Among Youth Across the Developmental Spectrum — Boerner et al., Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- cortisol
- wearable
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2024
In a longitudinal cohort of 1,292 mothers, increased cortisol reactivity to children's distress at 15 months predicted higher harsh parenting at 24 months, and conversely, higher harsh parenting at 15 months predicted increased cortisol reactivity at 24 months. This bidirectional association suggests that salivary cortisol reactivity in early toddlerhood may flag risk for harsh parenting and that parenting stress can further alter maternal stress physiology, which is pertinent to decentralised monitoring of stress biomarkers via saliva.
Within-person bidirectional associations between maternal cortisol reactivity and harsh parenting across infancy and toddlerhood — Ravindran et al., Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (paywalled)
- saliva
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Self-collected urine samples detected high-risk HPV DNA in 25.5 per cent of women and 8 per cent of men by qPCR, while oral gargle samples detected HPV in 7 per cent of women and 5 per cent of men. With good diagnostic accuracy against Pap smear, qPCR on self-collected specimens offers a viable decentralised approach to HPV screening in remote populations.
Evaluating different samples & techniques for hr-HPV DNA genotyping to improve the efficiency of risk profiling for oral & cervical cancers in Sikkim, India — Gupta et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2024
SalivaDirect offers a simpler, faster RNA extraction protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection from self-collected saliva samples, demonstrating good diagnostic performance and enabling large-scale testing in resource-limited settings without trained healthcare professionals.
SalivaDirect: an alternative to a conventional RNA extraction protocol for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a clinical setting — Uddin et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Healthy postpartum women exhibited a blunted cortisol awakening response and lower evening cortisol than non-perinatal controls when samples were self-collected at home. This suggests reduced CAR may reflect healthy adjustment to motherhood, demonstrating the feasibility of patient-centric saliva microsampling for perinatal mental health monitoring.
The cortisol awakening response is blunted in healthy women early postpartum — Høgh et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Using Saliva Children's Swabs to collect salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol was feasible in elderly nursing home residents with dementia, though active patient engagement remained necessary. However, an individualised music listening intervention showed no significant effect on these salivary stress markers.
Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase as stress markers to evaluate an individualized music intervention for people with dementia: feasibility and pilot analyses — Hillebrand et al., BMC research notes
- saliva
- acceptability
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2024
A do‑it‑yourself incubator enabling LAMP amplification of SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA from self‑collected saliva achieved 100 per cent sensitivity and 87 per cent selectivity in a proof‑of‑concept deployment to more than 15 homes, offering a simple, low cost route to decentralised molecular diagnostics.
Self-Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from Saliva Samples at Home: Isothermal Amplification Enabled by Do-It-Yourself Portable Incubators and Laminated Poly-ethyl Sulfonate Membranes — Bravo-González et al., Diagnostics
- saliva
- self-collection
2024
The study found improved salivary DHEA levels and reduced anxiety and loneliness in older adults after a 12-week digital music and movement intervention, showing that decentralised, patient-centric saliva sampling can support biological and psychosocial monitoring in care homes.
Digital music and movement intervention to improve health and wellbeing in older adults in care homes: a pilot mixed methods study — De Nys et al., BMC geriatrics
- saliva
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
The study developed a curcumin-embedded paper sensor for bilirubin detection in saliva, coupled with an IoT-enabled hand-held reader. Clinical testing in 18 jaundiced infants demonstrated good correlation with reference methods for both salivary and blood bilirubin, indicating utility for decentralised neonatal jaundice monitoring.
Spicy Recipe for At-Home Diagnostics: Smart Salivary Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Jaundice — Golmohammadi et al., ACS sensors (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2024
In confirmed COVID-19 patients, direct RT-PCR on self-collected raw saliva detected all cases (100% sensitivity) with 94.3% concordance to nasopharyngeal swabs. Guanidine-based and guanidine-free inactivators reduced sensitivity to 65.9% and 82.9% respectively. Raw saliva offers a reliable patient-centric alternative for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 testing without sample treatment.
Diagnostic accuracy of direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using guanidine-based and guanidine-free inactivators for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva samples — Katsuno et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Salivary tryptophan is significantly raised in HER2‑negative breast cancer and falls after tumour removal, correlating with aggressive disease features. This shows saliva can provide a non‑invasive metabolic marker for screening and monitoring breast cancer in decentralised settings.
Salivary Tryptophan as a Metabolic Marker of HER2-Negative Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer — Sarf et al., Metabolites
- saliva
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2024
The review found that saliva and nasal samples generally have lower sensitivity than nasopharyngeal samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2, though performance varies with operator expertise and collection protocol; this supports careful selection of sampling site and method to optimise accuracy in decentralised diagnostics.
The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection — Davenport et al., The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2024
Maltreated adolescents exhibited persistently flattened cortisol diurnal rhythms when saliva was collected at home, showing that decentralised, patient-centric microsampling across laboratory, home, and school settings can reveal neurobiological adaptations to chronic stress. This supports saliva self-collection as a feasible method for monitoring HPA axis dysfunction in vulnerable youth.
Cortisol's diurnal rhythm indexes the neurobiological impact of child adversity in adolescence — Shirtcliff et al., Biological psychology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
The authors demonstrated that saliva is a viable specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection and developed an open-source, extraction-free RT-PCR protocol (SalivaDirect) that uses readily available reagents. This approach, which gained FDA Emergency Use Authorisation and scaled to over 200 laboratories performing more than 6.5 million tests, establishes a decentralised model that reduces logistical barriers and enables frequent, self-collected testing for pandemic response.
Scalable solutions for global health: the SalivaDirect model — Wyllie et al., Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
LiFT, a low-cost yarn-based sensor, measured lithium in saliva and urine with FDA-required accuracy, achieving a detection limit of 0.97 µM and a sodium-corrected linear range to 0.5 mM. By transmitting results to patients' smartphones for sharing with clinicians, the device supports at-home therapeutic drug monitoring to minimise lithium toxicity in bipolar disorder.
LiFT (a Lithium Fiber-Based Test): An At-Home Companion Diagnostics for a Safer Lithium Therapy in Bipolar Disorder — Amirghasemi et al., Advanced healthcare materials (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- tdm
2024
An online service that mailed saliva self-sampling kits to 4623 GBMSM and trans women achieved a 67.5% return rate, detected 2.45% HIV prevalence with 100% linkage to care, and was recommended by 98% of participants, proving feasibility for decentralised screening.
An Online HIV Self-Sampling Strategy for Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Trans Women in Spain — Martínez-Riveros et al., Journal of community health
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2024
Salivary alpha-amylase activity rose from morning to afternoon across subjects and days, with no difference between two collection devices, and increased significantly after a simulated shoulder dystocia scenario alongside heart rate, supporting its use as a reliable stress marker when timing is considered.
Salivary alpha-amylase: A marker of stress in gynecological residents during a shoulder dystocia simulation scenario — Aita et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- biomarkers
2024
The study validated an LC-HRMS method for measuring breast cancer drugs in plasma, urine, VAMS and oral fluid, showing that all matrices except oral fluid for certain drugs can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring. VAMS and oral fluid faced practical challenges in collection due to patient conditions, but the method enables patient-centric monitoring with dried blood and other self-collected samples.
Towards clinical adherence monitoring of oral endocrine breast cancer therapies by LC-HRMS-method development, validation, comparison of four sample matrices, and proof of concept — Jacobs et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The saliva-STAT platform uses a battery-powered handheld instrument and a low-cost cassette to perform a fully automated nucleic acid amplification test on directly dispensed saliva, detecting SARS-CoV-2 at 0.2 copies per microlitre. This enables accurate, decentralised testing in walk-in and mobile clinics and at home, and can be adapted for other respiratory viruses.
Saliva-STAT: Sample-to-answer saliva test for COVID-19 — Boegner et al., Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
2024
Self-collected saliva without additives showed comparable diagnostic performance to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with 87.6% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. The sample remained stable for 72 hours and was deemed acceptable by both patients and staff, supporting its use in decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes.
Diagnostic performance, stability, and acceptability of self-collected saliva without additives for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis — Marín-Echeverri et al., European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2024
The study developed a one-pot duplex RT-LAMP assay for saliva that detects SARS-CoV-2 down to 100 copies per microlitre within 30 minutes without RNA extraction, using human 18S ribosomal RNA as an internal amplification control. In 30 clinical saliva samples the assay achieved 95 per cent sensitivity, 100 per cent specificity and 96 per cent accuracy, supporting reliable at-home and point-of-care molecular diagnostics.
Development of an integrated sample amplification control for salivary point-of-care pathogen testing — Sritong et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2024
In 60 healthy young adults who self-collected saliva, habitual coffee consumption at low, moderate or high intake did not significantly alter morning or evening levels of salivary cortisol or alpha amylase under non-stressful conditions. This suggests that for decentralised diagnostics, coffee drinking is unlikely to confound salivary hormone results, supporting the validity of self-collection for cortisol and stress biomarker monitoring.
[Effects of coffee consumption on salivary cortisol and alpha amylase in young adults] — Alejandro Juárez & Celia, Revista cientifica odontologica
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Self-collected saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity with an overall agreement of 84% compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, supporting its use as a viable diagnostic option where laboratory facilities are limited.
MOLECULAR DETECTION PROTOCOL OF SARS-COV-2 THROUGH SELF-COLLECTED SALIVA SPECIMENS VERSUS NASOPHARYNGEAL SWABS — Abderezak et al., African journal of infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2024
Self-collected unpreserved saliva samples gave SARS-CoV-2 detection that was only slightly less accurate than nasopharyngeal swabs, offering a more convenient patient-centric alternative for COVID-19 surveillance and potentially increasing testing in decentralised settings.
Evaluation of Self-collected Saliva Samples Without Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing via RT-PCR and Comparison of Amplicon Sequences Against Commonly Used Primers in Diagnostic Assays — Ramos et al., Military medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Self-collected saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing yielded higher viral loads than nasal or urine specimens and showed moderate agreement (kappa 0.52) with nasal swabs. A colourimetric LAMP assay achieved 90% concordance with RT-PCR, offering a rapid alternative deployable in clinics, workplaces, and homes for decentralised surveillance.
Evaluation of self-collected nasal, urine, and saliva samples for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 using an EUA approved RT-PCR assay and a laboratory developed LAMP SARS-CoV-2 test — Purcell-Wiltz et al., Immunity, inflammation and disease
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Self-collection of saliva for cortisol awakening response research at home was experienced as arduous, with participants reporting apprehension, cognitive burden, and disruption to sleep and morning routines. Difficulty identifying the moment of awakening affected sample timing, though habituation reduced these effects over repeated days, indicating that clear protocols are needed to improve ecological validity in decentralised hormone monitoring.
<b>Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research:</b> <i>"I was more conscious</i> <i>than usual, I wanted to get it right</i> <i>"</i> — Ramachandran et al., Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Epstein-Barr virus DNA methylation in self-collected saliva and oropharyngeal swabs demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with oral swabs or mouthwash. Combining both sample types and two promoter methylation markers could optimise decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes.
Detection of Epstein‒Barr virus DNA methylation as tumor markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in saliva, oropharyngeal swab, oral swab, and mouthwash — Zheng et al., MedComm
- saliva
- self-collection
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
A graphene lab-on-a-chip device achieved high accuracy and precision for multiplex renal biomarker testing in serum and saliva, with sensitivities ranging from 89.0 to 99.7 per cent. Untrained volunteers produced results comparable to trained chemists, suggesting the device is suitable for patient-centric at-home diagnostics and could improve access to chronic kidney disease monitoring.
Noninvasive and Multiplex Self-Test of Kidney Disease Biomarkers with Graphene-Based Lab-on-a-Chip (G-LOC): Toward Digital Diagnostics in the Hands of Patients — Diforti et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- biomarkers
2024
In young elite footballers with regular cycles, salivary progesterone correlated strongly with capillary blood concentrations, offering a non‑invasive way to track ovarian function. A luteal‑phase saliva progesterone threshold of 50 pg/ml and a 1.5‑fold rise over follicular baseline showed good accuracy for confirming ovulation against serum criteria.
The use of saliva and blood progesterone to profile the menstrual cycles of youth professional football players — Ferrer et al., Frontiers in sports and active living
- blood
- saliva
- capillary
- validation
- fertility
- hormones
2023
Across 18 saliva samples, mouthwash collection gave higher alpha diversity than passive drooling on both Illumina and Nanopore platforms, and three preservation methods performed alike; mouthwash and simple collection are convenient decentralised options, provided a study keeps one collection method for all participants to avoid confounding.
Factors influencing oral microbiome analysis: from saliva sampling to sequencing platforms — Bang et al., Scientific Reports
- stabilised
- microbiome
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2023
During ACTH stimulation, salivary cortisol correlated only weakly with serum and gave modest accuracy: saliva does not reliably replace serum cortisol for adrenal insufficiency. A concrete limit.
Reliability of Salivary versus Serum Cortisol for Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency in Children — Ciancia et al., Children
- venous-agreement
- blood
- cortisol
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2023
Using the Oragene Discovery 500 series for decentralised saliva collection in 524 African American adolescents, this study found that positive neighbourhood conditions relate to fewer behavioural difficulties, despite genetic risk. The authors note that most gene-environment studies of behaviour use European ancestry samples, limiting generalisability to African American youth.
Genetic Risk, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Behavioral Difficulties Among African American Adolescents Living in Very Low-Income Neighborhoods — Sterrett-Hong et al., Research on child and adolescent psychopathology (paywalled)
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- saliva
- genotyping
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