The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 261 labelled “vams”, newest first.
2026
In AML and CLL, 91% of VAMS venetoclax results fell within 20% of plasma after individualised haematocrit correction; in home sampling, 18 of 21 patients self-sampled independently and 76% of returned samples were analysable, which shows home microsampling is workable, though the authors ask for multicentre validation.
Clinical Validation of Venetoclax Volumetric Microsampling in Leukemia, with Whole-Blood-to-Plasma Conversion and Self-Microsampling Feasibility — Levens et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2026
In four crew members, capillary volumetric absorptive microsampling caught altered acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in flight: Cmax rose to 43,300 ng/mL from 9,110 before flight and clearance fell to 3,890 mL/h from 16,200, pointing to toxicity risk at standard dosing; four people only, but a case for microsampling where no clinic can reach.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling During Spaceflight for Analysis of Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics in Whole Blood — Mampre et al., Journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- tdm
- dct
2026
The analysis indicates that dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling enable minimally invasive monitoring of prohibited substances, with volumetric absorptive microsampling offering improved quantitative reliability over traditional dried spots.
Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Microsampling in Sports Drug Monitoring: Progress in DBS and VAMS — Zhang, Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- vams
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- steroids
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
At-home volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for anti-seizure medicines was feasible and reliable, with strong correlations to clinic VAMS and low bias for lacosamide, lamotrigine and levetiracetam; quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) was a reliable alternative in the ambulatory setting, though older age reduced sampling quality.
Real-world evaluation of capillary microsampling for drug monitoring of anti-seizure medications — Cancellerini et al., Epilepsia (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
2026
Researchers successfully validated an analytical method for measuring creatinine across plasma and volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, demonstrating strong correlation between conventional plasma and dried microsamples. This provides a reliable, patient-centric approach for monitoring kidney function remotely during transplant follow-up.
Surrogate-based LC-MS/MS quantification of endogenous creatinine in plasma, plasma-equivalent dried spots (qDPS), and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS): an ICH M10-compliant bridging study — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
In lung and renal transplant recipients, VAMS sampling with LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus showed good linearity and accuracy, and with a haematocrit-adjusted conversion formula achieved clinical agreement in most samples; tacrolimus did not require haematocrit correction. The approach is virtually painless and enables richer sampling for more accurate drug exposure estimates, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipients — Juan et al., Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2026
This review found that volumetric microsampling devices, such as Mitra, HemaPEN, HemaXis DB10, and Tasso-M20, overcome haematocrit bias, whilst Telimmune plasma separation cards enable direct plasma collection without centrifugation. These technologies support patient-centric, decentralised sampling, though the authors note that clinical validation remains limited across different drugs and patient populations.
A Review of Blood-Based Microsampling Devices for Patient-Centered Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Huhn & Scherf-Clavel, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2026
In 15 critically ill children with multiple organ dysfunction, a population pharmacokinetic model built on volumetric absorptive microsamples found that estimated glomerular filtration rate and age drove cefepime clearance and distribution; the authors take this as showing the method is workable for antimicrobial monitoring in this group.
Cefepime pharmacokinetics in critically ill children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Amajor et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2026
Volumetric absorptive microsampling showed better precision than dried blood spots and a metabolic profile closer to whole blood, with stable signalling lipids for 24 hours at room temperature but significant changes after one week unless stabilised, indicating feasibility for decentralised sampling with the need for storage strategies.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling for profiling of signaling lipids: a comparative analysis with whole blood and dried blood spots — Thangavelu et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
This study found that volumetric absorptive microsampling shows satisfactory agreement with venous plasma for monitoring several antiseizure medications in paediatric patients. However, a blood-to-plasma conversion factor was required to estimate plasma concentrations for clobazam and carbamazepine metabolites due to poor capillary-to-plasma interchangeability.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications (ASMs) in Pediatric Patients — Simeoli et al., Pharmaceuticals (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
An LC-MS/MS method for tamoxifen and six metabolites in VAMS was developed and validated, with water prerinsing improving recoveries and poor room temperature stability but stability for at least 100 days at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Plasma to blood ratios were used to estimate plasma equivalent concentrations, and paired VAMS and plasma samples from ten breast cancer patients showed strong correlations and good agreement on Bland-Altman analysis, supporting reliable decentralised TDM.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the comprehensive quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolites in volumetric absorptive microsampling: clinical application in breast cancer patients — Kuo et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2026
VAMS gave near‑quantitative recovery for cadmium and lead in human blood and correlated strongly with venous sampling, with pre‑cleaning improving correlation and lowering background lead, supporting its use for decentralised biomonitoring of these toxic elements.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in blood — Gutknecht et al., Environmental monitoring and assessment (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2026
A post-mortem case study found that Mitra microsampling devices achieved comparable qualitative toxicological detection to conventional methods across blood, urine, bile, and vitreous humour, successfully identifying methamphetamine, opioids, and alpha-PHP. Whilst limited to a single case, this shows that microsampling is a viable alternative for qualitative screening when sample volumes are restricted.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling device for forensic Toxicologic screening: A case report as proof-of-concept — Magny et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
2026
This method validation for 15 cardiovascular drugs found that VAMS and Capitainer-B provided interchangeable patient results, although Capitainer-B showed higher matrix effects while VAMS exhibited stability losses for specific analytes after two weeks. The work confirms the suitability of these microsampling workflows for decentralised adherence monitoring but highlights the need for analyte-specific stability testing.
Capillary blood microsampling and LC-Orbitrap analysis for adherence monitoring of cardiovascular drugs: method development, cross-validation, and patient proof-of-concept using VAMS and Capitainer-B — Kretschmer et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- tdm
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2026
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully validated for measuring androstenedione, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in dried blood samples collected via volumetric absorptive microsampling. The dried samples remained stable at room temperature for up to a week and after postal transit, and plasma concentrations could be reliably estimated from the microsamples when adjusting for haematocrit.
Analytical validation of a dried blood microsampling method to measure androstenedione, 17α‑hydroxyprogesterone, and 11‑ketotestosterone for congenital adrenal hyperplasia monitoring — De Baets et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
- haematocrit
2026
A prospective study of eleven adults with epilepsy found that saliva microsampling using VAMS showed excellent agreement with conventional liquid saliva for perampanel quantification, with a mean bias of -0.126 ng/mL. This supports analytical equivalence for decentralised monitoring, though the small sample size limits generalisability.
Clinical validation of a patient-friendly saliva microsampling approach to monitor perampanel levels in people with epilepsy — Franco et al., Epilepsia (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- tdm
- validation
- saliva
2026
An optimised VAMS workflow for blood proteomics increased protein identifications 4-fold in plasma and 2.1-fold in whole blood compared with liquid processing, with mean CVs below 11%, and whole blood showed greater robustness and storage stability at room temperature for up to 14 days. This enables reliable patient-centric microsampling for longitudinal biomarker studies.
Advancing Blood Proteome Analysis Past the Plasma Age: Mass Spectrometry of Whole Blood and Plasma Collected with Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Devices — Karsten et al., Journal of proteome research (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
This study employed volumetric absorptive microsampling to collect blood samples from neonates, revealing that existing propofol pharmacokinetic models poorly predicted drug levels in this population. A newly developed meta-model provided accurate predictions, validating the use of patient-centric microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm and term infants.
Systematic evaluation of propofol population pharmacokinetic models and development of a literature-supported new meta-model for critically ill preterm and term neonates — Rantanen et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2026
Capillary samples collected using dried blood spots and Mitra microsamplers showed strong agreement with venous plasma for quantifying IgG antibodies against most vaccine-preventable diseases. Sensitivity was high for the majority of pathogens, though the study noted that antibody stability declined at room temperature over time, favouring cold storage for longer durations.
Comparison of capillary microsampling and venous blood for multi-pathogen serosurveillance — Ombati et al., Scientific reports (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2026
The study found that oral fluid microsampling using VAMS has high patient acceptability, 90% vs 28% for urine, and over 88% agreement with urine toxicology screening, making it a practical alternative for substance use disorder monitoring with reduced sample adulteration risk and lower costs.
Evaluation of oral fluid microsampling as a urine surrogate matrix in substance use disorder care: clinical applicability and analytical performance — Thiebot et al., Clinical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- toxicology
- urine
- saliva
2026
The study developed and validated a reliable HPLC-MS method for quantifying multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors from VAMS microsamples of capillary blood, showing acceptable accuracy, precision, and 28-day stability at -21°C, with results comparable to venous plasma in 194 samples from patients with solid tumours. This enables therapeutic drug monitoring using microsamples in oncology practice.
HPLC-MS Quantification of Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Solid Tumors: Method Validation and Clinical Application — Staudinger et al., Pharmaceutics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2026
A validated two-step LC-MS/MS protocol can identify 91 prohibited doping agents from a single dried blood spot collected on either cellulose cards or volumetric absorptive microsampling devices. This demonstrates robust multi-analyte screening from capillary blood, supporting decentralised anti-doping programmes where venous sampling is impractical.
Dried Blood Spots for Doping Purpose-Two-Step Protocol for Analysis of Non-Threshold Substances and Anabolic Steroid Esters From One Spot/Pebble — Stojanovic et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2026
This review highlights that microsampling techniques such as dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling offer superior alternatives to traditional sampling for the mass spectrometry detection of prohibited substances in anti-doping analysis. It provides guidance on selecting appropriate analytical methods and sample pretreatment strategies to ensure sensitive detection and reliable storage conditions.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Anti-Doping Analysis: A Critical Review of Emerging Analytical and Sample Pretreatment Strategies — Maykar et al., Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2026
Capillary blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling gave a shorter detection window than urine for a stimulant, helping to distinguish recent from earlier use, and more reliable detection of long-acting diuretics that bind red cells. This shows microsampling can improve interpretation in drug-monitoring programmes where urinary data alone may be ambiguous.
Stressing the limits of capillary blood in anti-doping analysis: perspectives on alkylamine-like stimulants and carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors in result management — da Costa Nunes et al., Frontiers in sports and active living
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- toxicology
2026
In a nationwide survey of 1047 Belgian adults, at-home VAMS achieved a 63% participation-to-analysis completion rate with 16% of samples excluded due to insufficient quality. While dietary intake suggested adequate thiamine consumption, 11% of participants had blood thiamine diphosphate concentrations below the reference threshold, showing the utility of remote microsampling for identifying true nutritional status.
Thiamine status in Belgian adults assessed by volumetric absorptive microsampling: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey — Heughebaert et al., The American journal of clinical nutrition (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- biomarkers
2026
The authors validated VAMS for lumateperone therapeutic drug monitoring and confirmed its stability, which supports decentralised, patient-centric antipsychotic therapy through low-volume blood collection.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling for lumateperone analysis: method validation and stability evaluation — Milandri et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2026
The authors developed and optimised a dual LC-MS workflow for non-targeted metabolomics from blood microsamples, comprising a 15-minute HILIC-MS method for polar metabolites and an RPLC-MS method for mid- to non-polar compounds. A 20% water/80% methanol extraction with rehydration offered a practical compromise that detected numerous metabolite features across amino acid, acylcarnitine and bile acid pathways, enabling decentralised metabolomic analysis.
RPLC- and HILIC-based non-targeted metabolomics workflow for blood microsamples — Couacault & Witting, Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- metabolome
2026
The study found that dried blood microsampling using DBS and VAMS improves the detection of unstable drugs in post-mortem blood compared to conventional tubes, with some substances showing better stability on microsamples. This supports the use of microsampling in forensic settings where sample degradation affects diagnostic accuracy.
Use of blood micro-samples in forensic thanatology — Bertrand-Ndoye et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- toxicology
2026
The study validated an LC-MS/MS method for eight antiepileptic drugs and two metabolites in dried blood spot and VAMS formats, with satisfactory analytical performance and stability, and was the first to include the oxcarbazepine metabolite DHCB. In 80 paired patient samples, microsampling concentrations showed promising correlation with plasma, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic treatment.
Development and application of an LC-MS/MS method for 8 antiepileptic drugs and 2 metabolites using microsampling techniques (DBS and VAMS) — Cobo-Golpe et al., Journal of analytical toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- haematocrit
2026
Untargeted metabolomic profiles from three blood microsampling devices aligned more closely with whole blood than with plasma, and all devices distinguished sex based on amino acids, lipids, and acylcarnitines. This validates that device choice can be tailored to the metabolites of interest for decentralised human biomonitoring.
An LC-MS untargeted metabolomic comparison between three blood microsampling devices, whole blood, and plasma — Avella et al., Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2026
This narrative review surveys remote biospecimen collection products for sexual health research, including dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling, and concludes that successful implementation needs a multidisciplinary, participant-centred team with sufficient time allocated to the complexities of collection procedures and processes.
A Narrative Review of Remote Biospecimen Collection Product and Implementation Considerations for Sexual Health Clinical Research — Horvath et al., AIDS and behavior (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- dct
- serology
- sti
2026
A streamlined workflow quantified up to 10,000 protein groups and post-translational modifications from 20 microlitres of dried blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling, with mass spectrometry acquisition under two hours. The study established stability profiles and best practices for dried blood proteomics, supporting its feasibility for decentralised precision medicine and disease phenotyping.
Development and Validation of a Streamlined Workflow for Proteomic Analysis of Proteins and Post-translational Modifications from Dried Blood — Foster et al., Journal of proteome research (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- biomarkers
- multi-omics
- multimodal
2026
PEth reference values for Belgium were derived from VAMS microsampling of 487 participants in a national survey, showing distinct biomarker distributions between the general population and higher‑alcohol‑consumption subgroups. This validates capillary blood collection as a practical method for decentralised alcohol monitoring and forensic assessment.
Reference values for the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the Belgian population: Insights from a nationwide microsampling study — Vandenbroucke et al., Drug and alcohol dependence reports
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2026
The study developed and validated a rapid LC-MS/MS method for quantifying cefazolin in capillary whole blood collected via VAMS, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate, showing robust performance across matrices and successful application in a pediatric pilot cohort for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Rapid, robust LC-MS/MS quantification of cefazolin in whole blood microsamples, plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrate: Analytical method validation and preliminary clinical application in pediatric population — Kocur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2026
This study demonstrates that a commercial conductive vial electromembrane extraction device can reliably isolate basic pharmaceuticals from whole blood collected on volumetric absorptive microsampling tips, showing superior reproducibility and reduced matrix effects compared to conventional treatment.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling and conductive vial electromembrane extraction for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in whole blood — Reguli et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2026
In matched clinical samples from rheumatoid arthritis, VAMS and DBS showed strong agreement for methotrexate polyglutamates (slopes 0.95-1.07; bias within -4.21% to 0.36%; SRCC ≥ 0.969), with up to 100% of total MTXPG results within ±20% limits; capillary microsampling agreed closely with whole blood but differed from red blood cells, indicating matrix-specific differences that must be accounted for when interpreting against RBC-based reference values.
Multi-Matrix LC-MS/MS Validation of Methotrexate Polyglutamates: Comparison of VAMS, DBS, and Conventional Blood Sampling in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Kocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2026
A UPLC-MS/MS method for linezolid and metabolites in oral fluid and VAMS capillary blood satisfied ICH M10 validation requirements. Linezolid concentrations correlated strongly with venous plasma in both matrices, offering a non‑invasive option for therapeutic drug monitoring, whereas metabolites were systematically underestimated in VAMS and seldom detectable in oral fluid, restricting metabolite measurement.
Simultaneous quantification of linezolid and its metabolites (PNU-142300 and PNU-142586) in oral fluid and capillary blood by UPLC-MS/MS: method validation and clinical application using non-invasive sampling techniques — González-Berdullas et al., Journal of translational medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2025
A systematic review found mixed economic evidence for microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring; one study reported no cost reduction with DBS home-sampling, €688 versus €676, whilst another predicted savings up to 61%. The authors caution that more work is required to assess costs alongside clinical outcomes and optimise logistics for decentralised implementation.
The economic evidence for microsampling to support therapeutic drug monitoring: A systematic review — Carland et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- economics
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- antimicrobials
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A review of 39 studies found that dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling show promising results for therapeutic drug monitoring of oral targeted anticancer drugs. The authors state that external validation remains crucial to confirm reliability, citing haematocrit effects and sample stability as key challenges.
Advancing Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs: From Hospital-Based Towards Home-Sampling — Meertens et al., Biomedical Chromatography
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for measuring the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol using two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, finding that the Mitra device met all validation criteria and agreed with venous sampling. The Capitainer device was deemed suitable but showed reduced accuracy at higher concentrations, with a small proportional negative bias compared to venous results.
A validated method for capillary phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 quantification with two different 10-µl volumetric absorptive microsample devices in the same setup — Andreassen et al., Journal of analytical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- toxicology
- capillary
- validation
2025
A comparison of blood microsampling found that after 35 days, PFAS recovery changed by over 10% for five analytes using the Neoteryx hemaPEN and four using Whatman 903, but zero using the Neoteryx Mitra. The Mitra retained 45 of 49 PFAS within 70-130% recovery, showing its high stability for decentralised biomonitoring without contamination risks.
Comparison of microsampling for PFAS blood analysis: Enabling cheap high-resolution biomonitoring — Partington et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
The study found that VAMS devices exhibited elevated background metal concentrations that often matched or exceeded levels found in venous blood, complicating trace element analysis. Although a cleaning protocol reduced some background noise, persistent contamination limits the current efficacy of this microsampling method for environmental biomonitoring.
Evaluating the efficacy of the VAMS Mitra microsampler for whole blood trace element analysis — Ogunesan et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Dried saliva collected with the Mitra device correlated strongly with wet saliva but poorly with plasma unbound and total concentrations, indicating it is not a reliable substitute for plasma in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite. Capillary blood collected via VAMS remains a promising alternative for long term monitoring in paediatric patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Saliva for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: Bioanalytical Method Validation and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation — Kocur et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
The study found very strong correlation between venous blood collection and capillary VAMS using Mitra devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies, with samples remaining stable at room temperature for several months. This enables reliable at-home, patient-centric serological testing for large-scale community surveillance and vaccine studies.
Validation of at-home blood sampling for large scale, cost effective serological analysis for anti-viral antibody responses — Mayer et al., Journal of immunological methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2025
This study compared four dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection, finding that the Mitra VAMS device offered the best combination of analytical recovery and user usability, whilst the HemaXis DB10 showed the least bias compared to whole blood.
Analytical and usability comparison of microsampling dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection in sports using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chen et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for quantifying fluconazole using the Mitra device, demonstrating sufficient accuracy and precision for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric patients.
Determination of Fluconazole in Children in Small Blood Volumes Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) Detection — Zimbelmann et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
A comparison of three patient-centric dried blood microsampling devices, paper DBS, Mitra and Tasso-M20, found strong to excellent correlation with traditional venous plasma for measuring branched-chain amino acids and ketoacids. Participants reported high acceptability and expressed a strong willingness to use these devices for decentralised self-collection.
Quantitation of BCAA and BCKA in plasma and patient-centric dried blood microsamples in a clinical setting — Tierney et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
The study found volumetric absorptive microsampling showed high agreement between capillary and venous concentrations, with 94% of dasatinib and 95% of imatinib samples meeting the 20% acceptance criterion. VAMS is viable for imatinib monitoring and may allow longitudinal follow-up for dasatinib; however, VAMS results for imatinib, but not dasatinib, could be converted to plasma concentrations using prior ratios.
Toward Clinical Implementation of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling-Based Method for Dasatinib and Imatinib Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Verougstraete et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2025
The study compared quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices for measuring ganciclovir levels in capillary blood from pediatric renal transplant recipients. This comparison provides evidence for choosing between microsampling devices in therapeutic drug monitoring, supporting decentralised sampling approaches that reduce patient burden while maintaining analytical accuracy.
The comparison of two volumetric microsampling devices (qDBS and VAMS) for determining ganciclovir levels in capillary blood using the LC-MS/MS technique in pediatric renal transplant recipients — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2025
This review summarises how volumetric absorptive microsampling facilitates self-sampling and improves stability for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies while maintaining performance comparable to standard venous blood draws.
How microsampling is impacting pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies: volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2025
The paper summarises that volumetric finger-prick self-sampling is suitable for monitoring immunosuppressants and biomarkers after kidney transplantation, but successful implementation requires careful design of the entire workflow, including patient training and method validation. This matters because it provides a real-world framework for moving critical monitoring from the clinic to the patient's home.
Implementation of Volumetric Finger-Prick Self-Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants After Kidney Transplantation: Lessons Learned From the Practice — Vethe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- immunosuppressants
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
A study of 12 kidney transplant recipients providing 69 paired samples found that a VAMS-based assay for mycophenolic acid and its metabolite had 90% to 106% accuracy. Converting microsampling results to plasma concentrations met agreement criteria, supporting decentralised monitoring, though the study was small and limited to a single centre.
Development and Clinical Validation of a Volumetric Absorptive Capillary Microsampling Method for Quantification of Mycophenolic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid Glucuronide in Kidney Transplant Recipients — Drevland et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A validated LC-MS/MS method for everolimus using Mitra and Capitainer devices found excellent agreement between capillary microsamples and venous whole blood in 33 adult transplant recipients. The results showed high accuracy and negligible haematocrit effects, supporting the use of microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Quantitative Dried Blood Spot Methods with LC-MS/MS in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Analytical and Clinical Comparative Study — Kocur et al., Molecules
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
In children with SLE, VAMS finger-prick capillary blood gave haematocrit-adjusted MPA and MPAG concentrations indistinguishable from plasma, and the AUC from VAMS derived plasma-equivalent concentrations matched plasma AUC with R2 0.97. This supports accurate pharmacokinetically guided dosing of MMF using only three timed capillary microsamples.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with Mass Spectrometry to Support Pharmacokinetically-Guided Precision Dosing of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Pediatric Lupus Nephritis Patients — Zhao et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A validated offline SPE-LC-MS/MS method using the Mitra microsampling device successfully quantified tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, tryptophan, kynurenine, and creatinine simultaneously. The method met EMA and FDA criteria, showing agreement between capillary and venous sampling, which could facilitate decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and transplant follow-up through patient self-collection.
An Offline SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine A, Kynurenine, Tryptophan, and Creatinine Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Device Mitra — Nierychlewski et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- biomarkers
2025
This study established conversion methods for estimating plasma concentrations from whole blood VAMS samples for seven out of ten oral anticancer drugs, finding good agreement between capillary and venous samples. Patients reported a positive experience with home sampling using this microsampling technique.
Clinical Application of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs — Meertens et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2025
Microsampling, particularly VAMS and quantitative DBS, can enable patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants after transplantation, allowing home self-sampling and long-term monitoring when patients live far from transplant centres. These volumetric dried formats have largely overcome the haematocrit effect and sample heterogeneity that limit conventional dried blood spots.
Microsampling techniques and patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants — Kocur & Pawiński, Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
2025
In an untargeted metabolomics study, microsampling devices, particularly the Mitra and Capitainer, yielded metabolic profiles comparable or superior to plasma in feature number and intensity, and in the precision and stability of some metabolites. This supports their potential for large-scale, decentralised metabolic profiling, though the captured metabolite profile was application-dependent.
LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling — Thaitumu et al., Metabolites
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Capillary blood self-collected with the VAMS device showed 100 per cent agreement with serum for detecting SARS-CoV-2 S RBD antibodies in participants with known past infection, and saliva showed slightly lower but high agreement; agreement was good to almost perfect in those without known antibodies, and most participants found finger prick easy while half found the microsampler easy, supporting decentralised serosurveillance.
Performance and feasibility of self-microsampling of capillary blood and saliva for serological testing of SARS-CoV-2 — Morales et al., PloS one
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- serology
- capillary
- saliva
2025
This study found that dried blood microsamples, particularly those collected with the Mitra device, provided metabolic profiles comparable or superior to conventional plasma, supporting their use as a viable alternative for untargeted metabolomics.
Toward minimally invasive metabolomics: GC-MS metabolic fingerprints of dried blood microsamples in comparison to plasma — Marques de Sá E Silva et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
The method accurately measures therapeutic antibodies in Vams samples, correlating with plasma levels, enabling reliable therapeutic drug monitoring from home-collected samples to optimise cancer treatment dosing
A novel approach for quantifying therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in blood through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chi et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- biologics
- oncology
2025
In 41 Black adults with heart failure, elevated xanthine oxidase activity from capillary blood collected with Mitra microsampling associated significantly with dyspnoea severity. This demonstrates that microsampling can capture clinically relevant inflammatory biomarkers linked to symptom burden in underserved populations, supporting its use in decentralised cardiovascular monitoring.
Inflammation markers associated with symptoms and neighborhood deprivation in black adults with heart failure — Butts et al., Heart & lung : the journal of critical care (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- biomarkers
2025
An LC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling achieved 72.5% to 98.9% accuracy and under 8% precision for measuring circulating endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. However, drying time significantly altered 2-AG and 2-OG concentrations, and marked differences were observed between whole blood and plasma measurements.
Spotlight on Endocannabinoids in Healthy Individuals Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with LC-MS/MS Analysis — Haroune et al., ACS omega
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2025
Capillary blood collection using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated equivalent quantification of principal colonic polyphenol metabolites compared with matched venous plasma across a six-hour period following barley biscuit consumption. The technique successfully captured the pharmacokinetic profiles over 48 hours, confirming VAMS as a reliable alternative to venepuncture for dietary biomarker monitoring.
Finger-prick blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) method for monitoring the main (poly)phenolic metabolites in human blood after barley biscuit intake — Cortijo-Alfonso et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2025
A fully validated LC-MS method quantifies four direct oral anticoagulants and phenprocoumon from 10 µL capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices. Samples remained stable for seven days at room temperature, showed no significant haematocrit effect, and offers a reliable approach for ambulatory therapeutic drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a quantification method for direct oral anticoagulants from capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling and online SPE-LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
VAMS finger-prick sampling showed moderate agreement with conventional venous sampling for clofazimine, with a systematic 13% lower concentration that can be corrected, and was more cost-effective by about 4.45 USD per sample, supporting its use for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in MDR-TB.
Analytical and clinical validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) - Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of Clofazimine in whole blood — Nugraha et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- economics
2025
The study validated Mitra VAMS devices for detecting nerve agent, sulfur mustard and opioid metabolites in dried human blood, achieving sensitivities between 0.05 and 1 ng/mL across analytes with acceptable precision, accuracy and recovery, supporting their use as a simpler alternative to refrigerated sample transport for forensic exposure verification.
Evaluation of dried blood spot sampling for verification of exposure to chemical threat agents — Walker et al., Forensic toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
Researchers developed an assay to quantify seven cannabinoids and metabolites from 20 µL oral fluid self-collected via a VAMS device, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. In six cannabis consumers, the method successfully quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol up to 6236 ng/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of low-volume volumetric microsampling for non-invasive toxicology and roadside testing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by volumetric absorptive microsampling combined with UHPLC-HRMS — Thiebot et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2025
In a national surveillance pilot in Georgia, 39.8% of children aged 5-7 years had blood lead levels at or above 3.5 micrograms per decilitre, with predictors including male sex, unpainted housing, urban living in Imereti, and household lead bullet production and spice use in Adjara. The study shows that VAMS is a feasible, less invasive method for accurate lead testing in resource limited settings.
Blood Lead Levels in Children 5 to 7 Years of Age from the Republic of Georgia: A Feasibility Study on Lead Surveillance Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling — Rylander et al., Environmental health perspectives
- blood
- dried
- vams
- pediatric
2025
The method quantified elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor across plasma, dried plasma spots and VAMS with good linearity, accuracy and no matrix effect. Plasma and dried plasma spot results were interchangeable, while VAMS gave lower concentrations due to high protein binding and were corrected using the haematocrit to estimate equivalent plasma levels.
A Novel LC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor in Plasma, Dried Plasma Spot (DPS) and Whole Blood in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Devices — Pigliasco et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
The study compared five microsampling devices, including Mitra tips and Tasso-M20, for detecting 27 steroid esters in dried blood by LC-MS/MS, and found that methanol extraction with Girard's reagent P or T provided the best screening sensitivity with detection limits of 0.05 to 1.0 ng/mL, while methoxyamine derivatization was recommended for confirming boldenone and certain testosterone esters. The Tasso-M20 device produced chromatographic interference with methanol extraction that was only partially resolved by using mixed solvents, at the cost of lower recoveries.
Comparability of different analytical workflows for steroid esters detection in doping control field — Mazzarino et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
2025
Researchers validated a UHPLC-MS/MS assay for citrinin in capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, plus feces and urine, achieving quantification limits of 0.05 ng/mL. The study derived human toxicokinetic parameters from 48-hour sample collection after a single oral dose, demonstrating that microsampling enables robust population-level exposure assessment for mycotoxins.
Derivation of Human Toxicokinetic Parameters and Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factor of Citrinin Through a Human Intervention Trial and Hierarchical Bayesian Population Modeling — Visintin et al., Toxins
- blood
- urine
- stool
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
The study develops and validates a dried blood microsampling method for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS, showing that small-volume, minimally invasive capillary blood collection is feasible and suitable for unstable, low-abundant analytes, enabling practical decentralised sampling in vulnerable populations.
Assessment of dried blood micro-sampling methods for oxylipin analysis in newborn blood using UPLC-MS/MS — Albiach-Delgado et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
2025
In 55 patients, four approaches to convert dried capillary blood concentrations to plasma equivalents were evaluated. All methods except haematocrit-based conversion yielded acceptable analytical and clinical agreement for paracetamol and metabolites, supporting the reliability of capillary microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Comparative Evaluation of Approaches to Convert Microsampled Capillary Blood Concentrations to Plasma Concentrations: Paracetamol and Metabolites as a Case Study — Boffel et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- haematocrit
2025
This feasibility study demonstrated that a surrogate matrix solution enables accurate quantitation of a monoclonal antibody from dried blood samples collected via VAMS or Tasso-M20 devices. The method resolves challenges related to daily calibrator preparation and sample dilution for ligand binding assays used in pharmacokinetic studies.
The Use of Surrogate Matrix for Calibrators in the Analysis of Dried Blood Samples - A Feasibility Study — Lee et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biologics
2025
Capillary volumetric absorptive microsampling showed significant differences in absolute antibiotic concentrations compared to venous plasma, yet it reliably tracked the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and azithromycin over time. The approach was well accepted by both participants and clinicians, indicating its feasibility for less invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in periodontal clinical trials.
A comparison between venous blood sampling and capillary volumetric absorptive microsampling for antibiotics levels monitoring in individuals with and without periodontal disease — Lazaridi et al., Clinical oral investigations
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
Head-to-head clinical validation of two VAMS devices for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with roughly 86–88% of samples within ±20% of venous.
Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression — Leino et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
Confirms urine is the second-most-applied VAMS matrix in forensics, collecting a consistent volume regardless of viscosity and enabling room-temperature storage and shipping.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Toxicology — Review, Toxics
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- urine
- validation
- saliva
2024
A study of 301 adults with epilepsy providing 464 measurements found that patient-centric capillary VAMS microsampling showed good agreement with plasma for seven of 13 antiseizure medicines, such as carbamazepine and levetiracetam. However, systematic differences remained for valproate, primidone, topiramate, and zonisamide, meaning decentralised monitoring is feasible for most but some drugs need further evaluation.
Fingerprick volumetric absorptive microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiseizure medications: Reliability and real-life feasibility in epilepsy patients — Cancellerini et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
2024
A review of 18 studies found that microsampling techniques, including dried blood spot sampling and volumetric absorptive microsampling, are validated for antipsychotic monitoring. Although most studies have shortcomings limiting generalisability, microsampling is recommended for clozapine and is a promising, virtually painless option to support decentralised, patient-centric care.
Microsampling Techniques Suitable for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antipsychotics — Geers et al., Journal of clinical psychopharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- dried
- validation
2024
The study validated a VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for measuring sirolimus levels, showing it was clinically equivalent to the standard whole blood method and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant patients, supporting the use of decentralised microsampling for this purpose.
Personalization of pharmacotherapy with sirolimus based on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) in pediatric renal transplant recipients-from LC-MS/MS method validation to clinical application — Kocur et al., Pharmacological reports : PR
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
The study developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods for ciclosporin in whole blood and volumetric absorptive microsampling across 1-2000 ng/mL, meeting international bioanalytical criteria, and confirmed interchangeability with clinical samples and external proficiency testing, supporting decentralised microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in children.
A novel approach to therapeutic drug monitoring of Ciclosporin in pediatric renal transplant recipients using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) - Teaching old dog new tricks — Kocur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- tdm
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
This study of 82 children with concussion found that capillary blood collected with a Mitra device within 48 hours of injury could not identify protein markers that predict persistent posttraumatic headache at two weeks. The negative result highlights the need for novel biomarker discovery to enable risk stratification in paediatric concussion using decentralised sampling.
Capillary blood protein markers of posttraumatic headache in children after concussion — Fan et al., Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2024
The paper found that two laboratory assays for the anticoagulants apixaban and rivaroxaban gave markedly different plasma concentrations, and that dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples taken by patients at home did not agree with plasma results. For decentralised diagnostics this means clinical laboratories must validate their chosen method and always measure haematocrit when using microsamples to ensure accurate anticoagulant monitoring.
Assays for Monitoring Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Emergency Settings, State-of-the-Art Routine Analysis, and Volumetric Absorptive Microsamples Deliver Discordant Results — Fehér et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2024
The study validated a method for determining 15 trace elements in whole blood collected via VAMS, showing high precision and accuracy with agreement to a liquid sampling method. This supports the use of VAMS for decentralised trace element analysis in clinical and research settings.
A miniaturized sample preparation method for routine elemental determination in whole blood using volumetric absorptive micro-sampling by ICP-QQQ — Schmidt et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2024
The study developed and validated a LC-MS/MS method for quantifying Lurasidone using volumetric absorptive microsampling, comparing dried blood and plasma matrices; the method appears precise, accurate and robust, enabling reliable decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring with small-volume dried blood samples.
Development of LC-MS/MS method for quantification of Lurasidone using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS); a comparative study between dried blood and plasma samples — Rajadhyaksha & Londhe, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
2024
Microsampling with Mitra® devices correlated strongly with venous plasma for capecitabine therapeutic drug monitoring (r=0.97), but yielded consistently lower concentrations. Patients preferred this method and reported minimal pain, suggesting it is suitable for patient-centric oncology drug monitoring in decentralised settings.
Comparison of capecitabine concentrations determined by microsampling versus plasma concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring: a pilot study — Shafiei et al., The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The authors validated a VAMS method for ivermectin therapeutic drug monitoring in whole blood, achieving a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL and a linear range of 1–150 ng/mL. By eliminating haematocrit effects that limit dried blood spots, the method supports accurate decentralised sampling for antiparasitic therapy.
Development and validation of ivermectin quantification method in volumetric absorptive microsampling using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Harahap et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
An LC-MS/MS method for warfarin in VAMS samples was validated to FDA 2022 standards, showing linearity from 5–500 ng/mL. Analysis of 25 patients on warfarin therapy yielded concentrations of 6.05–431.39 ng/mL, confirming that self-collected VAMS can reliably support anticoagulation monitoring in decentralised settings.
Determination of warfarin in volumetric absorptive microsampling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Harahap et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2024
The LC-MS/MS method using VAMS quantified doxorubicin and its metabolite doxorubicinol with linear ranges 8-200 and 3-100 ng/mL and LLOQs of 8 and 3 ng/mL; patient levels ranged 9.47-87.84 ng/mL for doxorubicin and 4.24-54.02 ng/mL for doxorubicinol, enabling TDM with cumulative doses 47.93-346.09 mg/m2 and an estimated cardiomyopathy risk under 4%.
Doxorubicin, doxorubicinol, cardiotoxicity, breast cancer, volumetric absorptive microsampling, LC-MS/MS — Chairunnisa et al., Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The study developed and validated an ICP-MS/MS method for trace elements in whole blood collected on VAMS and found that most targeted elements gave accurate and reproducible results compared with a reference method, indicating that VAMS could become an alternative to venipuncture for blood sampling in trace elements analysis.
Validation of Mitra<sup>®</sup> VAMS<sup>®</sup> as a blood collection technique for trace elements analysis using ICP-MS/MS — Breton et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2024
When patiromer is taken three hours after tacrolimus, it does not alter tacrolimus exposure in kidney transplant recipients. The study also shows that self-collected capillary blood samples using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) can reliably measure tacrolimus concentrations, which simplifies pharmacokinetic studies and enables decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Patiromer Does Not Alter Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Transplant Recipients When Administered Three Hours Post-Tacrolimus — Drevland et al., Transplantation direct
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- dct
2024
Folate vitamer stability in dried blood microsamples was strongly dependent on temperature and time, with levels remaining within 85 to 115 per cent of baseline at -20°C and 4°C for up to two weeks in both VAMS and DBS, but only lasting three days at room temperature in VAMS and failing at 37°C. The authors conclude that decentralised sampling for folate status monitoring is feasible if transport temperature and duration are controlled, though pretreatment with stabilising agents and desiccant use offered only partial improvement at ambient temperature.
Is the stability of folates in dried blood microsamples sufficient to perform home-sampling studies? — Heughebaert & Stove, The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2024
The study developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods for ganciclovir in serum, dried serum spots, and VAMS-Mitra devices. In 80 pediatric renal transplant recipients, VAMS showed interchangeability with serum samples while extending stability to at least 49 days at room temperature, making decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring more feasible for transplant patients.
Assessment of Dried Serum Spots (DSS) and Volumetric-Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of (Val)Ganciclovir-Comparative Study in Analytical and Clinical Practice — Kocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2024
A validated LC-MS method quantified multiple antibiotics from a single volumetric absorptive microsample, with stability up to 90 days for most analytes and minimal haematocrit effect except vancomycin, enabling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in decentralised settings.
Bioanalysis of six antibiotics from volumetric microsamples: a new tool for precision dosing in critically ill children — Takyi-Williams et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2024
The study validated an LC-HRMS method for measuring breast cancer drugs in plasma, urine, VAMS and oral fluid, showing that all matrices except oral fluid for certain drugs can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring. VAMS and oral fluid faced practical challenges in collection due to patient conditions, but the method enables patient-centric monitoring with dried blood and other self-collected samples.
Towards clinical adherence monitoring of oral endocrine breast cancer therapies by LC-HRMS-method development, validation, comparison of four sample matrices, and proof of concept — Jacobs et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2024
Portable mid‑infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics classified fibromyalgia and other rheumatologic syndromes from dried blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling with 84% accuracy, 83% sensitivity and 85% specificity; spectral regions linked to amide bands and amino acids acted as discriminatory features, offering a point‑of‑care screening tool for decentralised diagnostics.
Portable Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to Diagnose Fibromyalgia and Other Rheumatologic Syndromes Using Rapid Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling — Nuguri et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
2024
The authors validated an LC-HRMS/MS assay for steroids and thyroid hormones in 30 microlitres of capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, demonstrating storage stability of over 28 days frozen and 14 days at room temperature. Using authentic samples from 50 healthy active adults, the method showed adequate sensitivity to detect the reduced hormone concentrations seen in relative energy deficiency in sport, supporting self-collected VAMS as a practical tool for regular hormone monitoring in athletes.
Development of an LC-HRMS/MS Method for Quantifying Steroids and Thyroid Hormones in Capillary Blood: A Potential Tool for Assessing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) — Tuma et al., Metabolites
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- hormones
2024
An on-line SPE-LC-MS method using 10 microlitre capillary blood samples collected on VAMS tips achieved lower limits of quantitation of 0.03 micromolar for methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX and 0.05 micromolar for DAMPA, with acceptable accuracy and precision. A plasma-to-whole-blood correlation factor of 0.46 was observed, supporting low-volume pediatric drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of methotrexate from serum and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- oncology
2024
The study validated a VAMS-based method for measuring cenobamate in capillary blood, showing high precision accuracy and stability at room temperature for up to 15 days. Cenobamate levels in VAMS samples agreed with those in venous plasma, supporting its use in decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for epilepsy patients.
A VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for precise cenobamate quantification in epilepsy (patients) — Pigliasco et al., Epilepsia open
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
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