The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
49 papers labelled “toxicology”, newest first.
2026
The analysis indicates that dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling enable minimally invasive monitoring of prohibited substances, with volumetric absorptive microsampling offering improved quantitative reliability over traditional dried spots.
Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Microsampling in Sports Drug Monitoring: Progress in DBS and VAMS — Zhang, Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- vams
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- steroids
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
- biomarkers
2026
VAMS gave near‑quantitative recovery for cadmium and lead in human blood and correlated strongly with venous sampling, with pre‑cleaning improving correlation and lowering background lead, supporting its use for decentralised biomonitoring of these toxic elements.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in blood — Gutknecht et al., Environmental monitoring and assessment (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2026
A post-mortem case study found that Mitra microsampling devices achieved comparable qualitative toxicological detection to conventional methods across blood, urine, bile, and vitreous humour, successfully identifying methamphetamine, opioids, and alpha-PHP. Whilst limited to a single case, this shows that microsampling is a viable alternative for qualitative screening when sample volumes are restricted.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling device for forensic Toxicologic screening: A case report as proof-of-concept — Magny et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
2026
The study found that oral fluid microsampling using VAMS has high patient acceptability, 90% vs 28% for urine, and over 88% agreement with urine toxicology screening, making it a practical alternative for substance use disorder monitoring with reduced sample adulteration risk and lower costs.
Evaluation of oral fluid microsampling as a urine surrogate matrix in substance use disorder care: clinical applicability and analytical performance — Thiebot et al., Clinical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- toxicology
- urine
- saliva
2026
A validated two-step LC-MS/MS protocol can identify 91 prohibited doping agents from a single dried blood spot collected on either cellulose cards or volumetric absorptive microsampling devices. This demonstrates robust multi-analyte screening from capillary blood, supporting decentralised anti-doping programmes where venous sampling is impractical.
Dried Blood Spots for Doping Purpose-Two-Step Protocol for Analysis of Non-Threshold Substances and Anabolic Steroid Esters From One Spot/Pebble — Stojanovic et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2026
This review highlights that microsampling techniques such as dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling offer superior alternatives to traditional sampling for the mass spectrometry detection of prohibited substances in anti-doping analysis. It provides guidance on selecting appropriate analytical methods and sample pretreatment strategies to ensure sensitive detection and reliable storage conditions.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Anti-Doping Analysis: A Critical Review of Emerging Analytical and Sample Pretreatment Strategies — Maykar et al., Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2026
Capillary blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling gave a shorter detection window than urine for a stimulant, helping to distinguish recent from earlier use, and more reliable detection of long-acting diuretics that bind red cells. This shows microsampling can improve interpretation in drug-monitoring programmes where urinary data alone may be ambiguous.
Stressing the limits of capillary blood in anti-doping analysis: perspectives on alkylamine-like stimulants and carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors in result management — da Costa Nunes et al., Frontiers in sports and active living
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- toxicology
2026
The study found that dried blood microsampling using DBS and VAMS improves the detection of unstable drugs in post-mortem blood compared to conventional tubes, with some substances showing better stability on microsamples. This supports the use of microsampling in forensic settings where sample degradation affects diagnostic accuracy.
Use of blood micro-samples in forensic thanatology — Bertrand-Ndoye et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- toxicology
2026
The authors validated a liquid-liquid extraction LC-MS/MS method that quantifies cannabinoids in only 50 µL of liquid whole blood with lower limits of quantitation from 0.10 to 1.0 ng/mL. This microsampling approach enables roadside collection via finger prick, allowing measurement of THC levels at the time of driving without trained phlebotomists, thus overcoming delays that reduce THC concentrations.
Validation of a microsampling-compatible liquid-liquid extraction method for cannabinoid quantitation in 50 µL of whole blood using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry — Mohammed et al., Journal of analytical toxicology
- blood
- liquid
- validation
- toxicology
2026
PEth reference values for Belgium were derived from VAMS microsampling of 487 participants in a national survey, showing distinct biomarker distributions between the general population and higher‑alcohol‑consumption subgroups. This validates capillary blood collection as a practical method for decentralised alcohol monitoring and forensic assessment.
Reference values for the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the Belgian population: Insights from a nationwide microsampling study — Vandenbroucke et al., Drug and alcohol dependence reports
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2025
A multi-targeted procedure covered 237 prohibited substances across 11 WADA classes in dried urine spots, with environmental-stability testing for refrigeration-free transport.
LC-HRMS screening for 11 classes of prohibited substances in dried urine spots for doping control — Mazzarino et al., Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (paywalled)
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- dried
- toxicology
- urine
- validation
2025
This study validated a method for measuring the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol using two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, finding that the Mitra device met all validation criteria and agreed with venous sampling. The Capitainer device was deemed suitable but showed reduced accuracy at higher concentrations, with a small proportional negative bias compared to venous results.
A validated method for capillary phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 quantification with two different 10-µl volumetric absorptive microsample devices in the same setup — Andreassen et al., Journal of analytical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- toxicology
- capillary
- validation
2025
This study compared four dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection, finding that the Mitra VAMS device offered the best combination of analytical recovery and user usability, whilst the HemaXis DB10 showed the least bias compared to whole blood.
Analytical and usability comparison of microsampling dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection in sports using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chen et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
2025
This review summarises how volumetric absorptive microsampling facilitates self-sampling and improves stability for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies while maintaining performance comparable to standard venous blood draws.
How microsampling is impacting pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies: volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2025
The study validated Mitra VAMS devices for detecting nerve agent, sulfur mustard and opioid metabolites in dried human blood, achieving sensitivities between 0.05 and 1 ng/mL across analytes with acceptable precision, accuracy and recovery, supporting their use as a simpler alternative to refrigerated sample transport for forensic exposure verification.
Evaluation of dried blood spot sampling for verification of exposure to chemical threat agents — Walker et al., Forensic toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
Researchers developed an assay to quantify seven cannabinoids and metabolites from 20 µL oral fluid self-collected via a VAMS device, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. In six cannabis consumers, the method successfully quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol up to 6236 ng/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of low-volume volumetric microsampling for non-invasive toxicology and roadside testing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by volumetric absorptive microsampling combined with UHPLC-HRMS — Thiebot et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2025
The authors developed disposable, calibration-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for detecting cocaine in human saliva collected via an oral swab workflow, achieving low micromolar sensitivity with results in under five minutes, and found that food and drink residues in saliva can compromise sensor accuracy.
Single-Use Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors for Calibration-Free Measurements in Human Saliva via Dual-Frequency Approaches: Prospects and Challenges — Liu et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- toxicology
2025
The study found that levels of an acrylamide metabolite in first-void urine were significantly and inversely associated with testosterone, puberty stage and facial hair growth in boys aged 13 to 14, but not in girls, suggesting that acrylamide exposure may disrupt pubertal development in males through effects on testosterone.
Acrylamide exposure, sex hormones, and pubertal status in Japanese adolescents — Nagata et al., International journal of environmental health research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hormones
- toxicology
2025
Researchers validated a UHPLC-MS/MS assay for citrinin in capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, plus feces and urine, achieving quantification limits of 0.05 ng/mL. The study derived human toxicokinetic parameters from 48-hour sample collection after a single oral dose, demonstrating that microsampling enables robust population-level exposure assessment for mycotoxins.
Derivation of Human Toxicokinetic Parameters and Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factor of Citrinin Through a Human Intervention Trial and Hierarchical Bayesian Population Modeling — Visintin et al., Toxins
- blood
- urine
- stool
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2024
Confirms urine is the second-most-applied VAMS matrix in forensics, collecting a consistent volume regardless of viscosity and enabling room-temperature storage and shipping.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Toxicology — Review, Toxics
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- urine
- validation
- saliva
2024
An analytical method using Capitainer B devices collecting 10 microlitres of capillary blood was successfully validated for the quantitative determination of 25 PFAS using UHPLC-MS/MS. The method demonstrated high recovery above 80% and met precision and accuracy criteria across the validated range of 2 to 100 ng/mL.
Development and validation of the UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of 25 PFAS in dried blood spots — Galletto et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- qdbs
- validation
- toxicology
2024
This review of 2022 to 2023 work surveys dried blood microsampling for targeted and untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling, finding the approach viable across paediatric research, therapeutic drug monitoring, metabolite screening, biomarker discovery, sports supervision, clinical disorder studies and forensic toxicology. The authors note that dried blood spots and VAMS dominate the published literature over other volumetric formats, and argue that harmonising analytical methods would accelerate wider clinical adoption of microsampling as an alternative to conventional plasma or serum profiling.
Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in dried blood microsampling: Recent applications and perspectives — Couacault et al., Analytical science advances
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- toxicology
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2024
Filtered protein precipitation was the most effective extraction method for 75 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from dried blood spots collected with a capillary microsampler, recovering 72 analytes within 70–130% with limits of detection from 0.05 to 0.34 ng/mL. The method detected 16 PFAS in self-collected human samples, demonstrating feasibility for large-scale biomonitoring studies using minimally invasive sampling.
Validating blood microsampling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances quantification in whole blood — Partington et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- toxicology
2024
The authors validated an LC-MS/MS method for quantifying 18 endogenous steroids and metabolites in 30 μL dried blood VAMS samples from 20 healthy volunteers. Steroids remained stable for up to 100 days across storage temperatures from room temperature to -80 °C and through three freeze-thaw cycles, suggesting VAMS is reliable for doping control and clinical hormone monitoring outside traditional settings.
LC-MS/MS measurement of endogenous steroid hormones and phase II metabolites in blood volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for doping control purposes — Ponzetto et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- hormones
- doping
- toxicology
2023
Dried urine spots with automated extraction detected over 95% of the drugs found in paired liquid urine by LC-Q-TOF.
Application of dried urine spots for non-targeted quadrupole time-of-flight drug screening — Stöth et al., J. Analytical Toxicology (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- toxicology
2023
A new method using a direct mercury analyser allows for precise total mercury measurement in dried blood spot samples while controlling for sample volume. This approach facilitates minimally invasive capillary blood collection, making it highly suitable for human biomonitoring studies in vulnerable populations such as children.
A simple method for direct mercury analysis in dried blood spots (DBS) samples for human biomonitoring studies — González-Rubio et al., Environment international (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- toxicology
2023
Lead can be measured accurately in dried blood spots by ICP-MS only when matrix-matched calibrators are used; aqueous calibrators perform poorly. The three methods evaluated showed strong agreement with whole blood analysis and offer a robust option for decentralised lead screening in children, though the recognised limitations of dried blood spots remain.
Matrix-matched calibrators are necessary for robust and high-quality dried blood spots lead screening assays by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry — Franco et al., Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- toxicology
2023
A VAMS method using Mitra devices for whole blood lead quantification showed no significant difference compared with the centre's routine method, supporting VAMS as a practical alternative for blood lead and other trace element analyses.
Method development for the quantification of lead levels in whole blood sampled on Mitra<sup>®</sup> with VAMS<sup>®</sup> tips by inductively coupled plasma-MS/MS — Breton et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2023
The study developed a method to separate and quantify enantiomers of novel psychoactive substances using volumetric absorptive microsampling and chiral liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This approach allows for the precise chiral bioanalysis of these compounds from dried blood samples, which is relevant for toxicology and forensic applications.
Microsampling and enantioselective liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for chiral bioanalysis of novel psychoactive substances — Protti et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- validation
- toxicology
2023
In whole blood spiked with 90 drugs, the VAMS method using the Neoteryx Mitra device confirmed 87 compounds with identification limits below 12.5 ng/mL for 82.2% of drugs and extraction yields of 80.6 to 108.7%. In 15 poisoned patients, 98% of plasma compounds were detected in VAMS with satisfactory concordance (R2 = 0.827), supporting its use for decentralised toxicology screening.
New Trend in Toxicological Screening Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR/MS) Combination — Houzé et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2023
First-void urine samples from 85 Austrian school children aged six to ten showed frequent low-level exposure to mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, with 22 percent exceeding the tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol and some facing possible health risks from ochratoxin A. The results support urine microsampling for decentralised exposome monitoring in paediatric populations.
The Austrian children's biomonitoring survey 2020 Part B: Mycotoxins, phytotoxins, phytoestrogens and food processing contaminants — Ayeni et al., Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2022
Glyphosate was quantifiable in 99.8% of first-void urine samples from 6848 French adults and children, with higher levels in men and children and lower levels associated with organic food intake and filtered water; occupational exposure was higher in farmers, indicating widespread environmental contamination relevant to decentralised exposure monitoring.
Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers — Grau et al., Environmental science and pollution research international
- first-void
- toxicology
- pediatric
- urine
2022
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) using Neoteryx Mitra devices yields equivalent results to conventional serum samples for aflatoxin B1-lysine analysis when samples are digested with sufficient Pronase at 50 °C. This enables reliable public health exposure assessment from self-collected dried blood samples.
Optimization of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Lysine Analysis for Public Health Exposure Studies — Renaud et al., Toxins
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2022
The hemaPEN device demonstrated linear measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood with acceptable precision and accuracy, and analytes remained stable for seven days within the device. While haematocrit affected accuracy, it stayed within acceptable limits, suggesting the device could improve decentralised toxicology screening compared with conventional dried blood spot collection.
Evaluation of hemaPEN<sup>®</sup> sampling device for measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood by LC-MS/MS — Smidt et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2022
The study found that higher urinary levels of certain pesticide metabolites were significantly associated with increased risk of acute lower and upper respiratory infections in children under five, particularly in those older than two years. This supports the use of decentralised urine microsampling for environmental exposure and child health studies.
Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study — Akyeampong et al., Environmental health insights
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
2022
Capillary VAMS combined with direct mercury analysis demonstrated strong correlation with venous blood mercury concentrations in adult volunteers, with acceptable accuracy and precision above 1.0 µg/l. Storage in pre-cleaned glass vials following two hours of desiccator drying maintained analyte stability for at least four weeks.
Mercury biomonitoring in German adults using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Koutsimpani-Wagner et al., Environmental monitoring and assessment
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2022
The study validated a method to measure cannabidiol, THC and their metabolites in small blood samples collected via VAMS from epilepsy patients, showing it is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in a decentralised setting using a virtually painless technique.
Cannabidiol, ∆<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol, and metabolites in human blood by volumetric absorptive microsampling and LC-MS/MS following controlled administration in epilepsy patients — Pigliasco et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- toxicology
2021
Protti and colleagues developed and validated a VAMS-based workflow for enantioselective analysis of clenbuterol in urine microsamples. The method achieved good linearity, a limit of quantification of 0.3 ng/mL, and 87% extraction yield, supporting its potential for decentralised doping control and toxicology screening.
VAMS and StAGE as innovative tools for the enantioselective determination of clenbuterol in urine by LC-MS/MS — Protti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- urine
- vams
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2021
A VAMS method for 24 mycotoxins was validated against FDA and European Commission guidelines, showing no haematocrit bias and acceptable stability for 21 days at room temperature. Comparison with liquid whole blood from 20 samples revealed no missed exposed cases and comparable levels of key mycotoxins, supporting VAMS as an alternative to venous sampling in resource-limited settings.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as an Alternative Tool for Biomonitoring of Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in Resource-Limited Areas — Vidal et al., Toxins
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2021
Dried urine microsampling with volumetric absorptive microsampling and dried urine spot improved the stability of peptide hormones and growth factors during drying, storage and transport, enabling reliable LC-MS/MS quantitation for anti-doping testing.
Enhanced urinary stability of peptide hormones and growth factors by dried urine microsampling — Protti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- validation
- hormones
- doping
- toxicology
2021
A quantitative VAMS method for PEth 16:0/18:1 was developed and validated across two laboratories, showing good comparability (average bias −0.4%, 85% of differences within 20%) and reproducibility over one year; this supports reliable decentralised alcohol monitoring using finger‑prick dried blood microsamples.
Quantitation of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood after volumetric absorptive microsampling — Van Uytfanghe et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2020
A direct DUS-versus-VAMS comparison for 13 steroids on the same urine: VAMS gave better precision and recovery and superior one-year room-temperature stability.
Dried urine microsampling coupled to LC-MS/MS for the analysis of unconjugated anabolic-androgenic steroids — Protti et al., Molecules
- vams
- volumetric
- doping
- dried
- steroids
- toxicology
- hormones
- urine
- validation
2020
Capiau et al. developed and validated a VAMS method for cobalt quantitation in whole blood from metal-on-metal prosthesis patients. The method proved accurate (bias ≤4%) and precise (RSD ≤5%), was unaffected by haematocrit, and showed a 0.99 correlation to liquid venous samples; 87% of results satisfied Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia criteria, enabling home-based monitoring of implant wear.
Development, validation and application of an inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry method to determine cobalt in metal-on-metal prosthesis patients using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Capiau et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2020
Dried urine spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling methods were validated for quantifying six corticosteroids in 30 μl urine, showing good linearity, extraction yields exceeding 81 percent, and precision within 15 percent relative standard deviation. Analytes remained stable for seven days at room temperature, indicating urine microsampling is viable for remote antidoping control and could support decentralised steroid monitoring.
Microsampling and LC-MS/MS for antidoping testing of glucocorticoids in urine — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- validation
- hormones
- steroids
- doping
- toxicology
2020
The study validated a VAMS method for cocaine and metabolites in blood and plasma, achieving good extraction yield, precision and accuracy with analyte stability exceeding two months at room temperature. Results from VAMS correlated well with conventional fluid samples, supporting its use for decentralised forensic and toxicological monitoring without venepuncture or cold chain.
Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption — Mandrioli et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2019
Finger prick dried blood spots correlated strongly with venous whole blood for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, achieving Spearman coefficients between 0.72 and 0.97. The method requires only 30 μL of blood, enabling decentralised biomonitoring of environmental toxins with minimal burden.
Dried blood spots for reliable biomonitoring of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) — Poothong et al., The Science of the total environment (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2019
Non-tobacco users who attended six-hour e-cigarette events showed up to 13-fold increases in urinary cotinine and significant rises in salivary cotinine, both peaking four hours after exposure, with acrolein metabolites also increasing but tobacco-specific nitrosamines unchanged. The multi-timepoint collection of urine including first-void specimens and saliva demonstrates how exposure biomarkers can be tracked through biological samples collected outside a clinic setting.
A biomonitoring assessment of secondhand exposures to electronic cigarette emissions — Johnson et al., International journal of hygiene and environmental health (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- first-void
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2016
A book-type dried plasma spot card that filters red cells on-card was validated for nine drugs of abuse, showing good linearity and recovery while tolerating a wide haematocrit range of 30–60%. This approach circumvents the haematocrit bias that limits dried blood spots and yields more plasma for automated analysis, making it suitable for patient-collected samples in decentralised drug screening.
A Book-Type Dried Plasma Spot Card for Automated Flow-Through Elution Coupled with Online SPE-LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis of Opioids and Stimulants in blood — Ryona & Henion, Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- validation
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2015
VAMS eliminated the variable haematocrit bias seen with DBS, but a residual haematocrit-dependent recovery effect persisted at high haematocrit: the nuance that assays still need per-analyte validation.
Does volumetric absorptive microsampling eliminate the hematocrit bias for caffeine and paraxanthine in dried blood samples? A comparative study — De Kesel, Lambert & Stove, Analytica Chimica Acta (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
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