The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 180 labelled “first-void”, newest first.
2026
This meta-analysis found that HPV testing using self-collected vaginal and urine samples showed sensitivities of 88.6% and 81% for detecting cervical precancer. Using a standardised device for first-void urine increased sensitivity to 86.6%, supporting decentralised patient-centric screening, though data on specificity and specific commercial devices were not consistently reported.
Diagnostic Performance of HPV Testing Using Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples for Detecting Cervical Precancer or Worse: A Meta-Analysis — Hsiao et al., The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
DNA methylation markers in first-void urine effectively detect high-grade cervical lesions in HPV-positive women, with results similar to clinician-collected samples in those over 30. This enables reliable cervical cancer screening using self-collected urine, reducing the need for invasive follow-up procedures in decentralised settings.
Evaluating DNA methylation markers and extended HPV genotyping in first-void urine for detecting high-grade cervical lesions in HPV-positive women: a cross-sectional study — Tranberg et al., BMC medicine
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- biomarkers
- genotyping
2026
A study of 2500 women found 99.0% agreement between first-void urine and vaginal self-sampling for HPV detection using Cobas4800, with 98.1% of participants preferring urine. Although conducted in a resource-limited setting which may limit generalisability, these results support urine as a viable sample type for decentralised, patient-centric screening.
Comparative efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of HPV DNA testing on first-void urine versus self-collected vaginal samples: a real-world study in a resource-limited setting — Bose et al., BMJ global health
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
This study found that self-collected vaginal swabs and first-void urine yielded comparable detection rates for vaccine-targeted high-risk HPV types, supporting the use of both patient-centric methods for decentralised surveillance. Vaginal swabs showed higher sensitivity for non-vaccine types, whereas urine sampling offers a non-invasive alternative.
Comparison of self-collected vaginal swabs and first-void urine for detection of human papillomavirus in sexually active girls and women in three South Asian countries — Telele et al., PloS one
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2026
A comparison of human papillomavirus detection in first-void urine and cervicovaginal samples from Colombian women showed moderate prevalence but weak concordance between the two methods. Although urine-based screening offers a non-invasive alternative, its limited diagnostic performance in this study highlights the ongoing need to optimise collection and processing strategies for decentralised screening.
HPV detection in first void urine and cervicovaginal samples: comparative study and analysis of associated factors in women from tunja, colombia — Neita et al., Preventive medicine reports
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- genotyping
2026
First-void urine and self-collected vaginal swabs showed similar sensitivity and specificity to clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection across two real-time PCR assays, supporting their use as decentralised, patient-collected alternatives; most women preferred first-void urine for regular cervical screening.
Comparative performance of first-void urine and self-collected vaginal swabs against clinician-collected cervical samples using 2 HPV real-time assays in Indian women — A et al., Journal of gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2026
Urinary HPV testing using first-void urine collected with the Colli-Pee device showed substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervico-vaginal sampling and near-equivalent negative predictive value, supporting its use as a clinically credible non-invasive entry point for cervical screening in settings where low participation rather than analytical performance is the principal barrier.
Agreement and Diagnostic Performance of Urinary HPV Testing Versus Clinician-Collected Cervico-Vaginal Sampling: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Romanian Cohort — Nati et al., Medical sciences (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- hpv
- sti
2026
A study in two UK cities found that at-home first-void urine sampling for HPV screening achieved a 59% uptake among women aged 60-79. Telephone reminders increased response by 5% compared with text messages, showing that decentralised sampling can engage older women, though response rates varied by area-level deprivation and screening history.
The Use of First-Void Urine to Screen Women Aged 60-79 for HPV in the UK: The Catch-Up Screen Study — Rake et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2026
First-void urine samples showed significantly higher detection rates of HPV-specific IgG antibodies compared to midstream urine, confirming the necessity of capturing the initial stream. The study found no significant difference between 10 mL and 20 mL collection volumes, indicating flexibility in device specifications for self-collection.
The importance of first-void urine for assessing HPV-specific antibodies: A comparison with midstream urine — Van Caesbroeck et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2026
In a small proof-of-concept, first-void urine and cervicovaginal brushes yielded high-quality vaginal microbiome profiles in most participants, comparable to vaginal swabs, offering non-invasive, user-friendly alternatives for research; however, storage at room temperature altered microbial composition in some first-void urine samples, indicating a need for careful handling.
First-void urine and cervicovaginal brushes for vaginal microbiome profiling: a proof-of-concept study — Pinedo-Bardales et al., Microbiology spectrum (paywalled)
- first-void
- self-collection
- microbiome
- hpv
- urine
2026
This meta-analysis found that self-collected urine samples for HPV testing had lower sensitivity for detecting high-grade lesions compared to physician-collected cervical specimens. The use of a first-void collection device such as Colli-Pee was associated with marginally higher sensitivity than general urine sampling.
Accuracy of HPV Testing Using Self-collected Urine Compared With Physician-collected Cervical Specimen for HSIL or Worse — Chen et al., Journal of lower genital tract disease (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
This randomised sub-study found return rates of 10.4% for Colli-Pee, 10.1% for FLOQSwabs and 7.4% for Evalyn-Brush. All devices yielded sufficient DNA with low invalid rates, but the authors noted the study was limited by low overall participation.
Comparison of three different hpv self-sampling tools - a subanalysis of the prospective, randomized hannover self-collection study — Hempel et al., Archives of gynecology and obstetrics
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
Vaginal self-sampling achieved higher pooled sensitivity and specificity than urine self-sampling for detecting high-risk HPV, making it the preferred option, while urine self-sampling remains a useful non-invasive choice for under-screened populations.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine and Vaginal Self-Sampling for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Rakhat & Aimagambetova, Viruses
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
For decentralised testing, a study found dry vaginal self-samples using Copan FLOQSwabs stored up to two weeks at room temperature maintain DNA quality. However, first-void urine collected with the Colli-Pee device may be less sensitive for HPV detection, showing lower positivity and higher cycle threshold values, median Ct 30 versus 27 for other samples.
Evaluation of the Quality and Suitability of Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Samples for Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Prospective Matched Study — Chu et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- dried
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
The study found that testing for ASCL1/LHX8 DNA methylation in at-home collected first-void urine can detect most cervical cancers and high-grade precancers, supporting a fully molecular screening pathway without a clinical visit.
Clinical performance of ASCL1/LHX8 DNA methylation on first-void urine to screen for cervical cancer — Van Keer et al., Communications medicine
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- urine
- biomarkers
2026
Community pharmacy-based testing and treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhoea using self-collected first-catch urine was highly acceptable to users and successfully identified new cases, with pharmacists efficiently prescribing antibiotic treatment. This supports decentralised sampling by showing that asymptomatic STI testing can be delivered through self-collection in non-clinical settings with good uptake and patient satisfaction.
Implementation of community pharmacy-based testing and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nova Scotia (Swab-Rx study) — d'Entremont-Harris et al., Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2026
The Phase HPV Urine Test detected 14 high-risk HPV types from first-void urine samples, showing 93 per cent concordance with the Roche cobas 4800 reference assay after sequencing adjudication. The test demonstrated high precision, a low limit of detection, and ten-day stability at ambient temperature, supporting non-invasive, self-collected screening to improve access and participation.
Performance of a novel, urine-based test for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection — Manjeshwar et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
In adults with sterile pyuria, atypical pathogens were detected in 40% of cases, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis (19%) and Ureaplasma spp. (15%), with risk factors including multiple sexual partners and past pelvic surgery; comprehensive screening of first-void urine for these agents is warranted.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in patients with sterile pyuria — Aggarwal et al., Indian journal of medical microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2026
First-void urine sampling detected 33% prevalence of 28 HPV types in 16-21-year-old Ugandan females. HPV16/18 prevalence was markedly lower among vaccinated participants (1.4%) than unvaccinated (5.6%), though vaccine coverage was suboptimal with inconsistent dosing. This validates patient-centric urine microsampling for decentralised infectious disease surveillance in resource-limited settings.
Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination among young females in rural Uganda — Newton et al., International journal of cancer (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
2026
The lateral flow assay showed 80.6% sensitivity and 94.2% specificity in first-void urine from asymptomatic men, and 81.8% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity in vaginal swabs from asymptomatic women. Vaginal swab performance met WHO screening criteria for low-resource settings, while urine specificity fell short, indicating the assay is suitable for decentralised STI screening in women but needs improvement for men.
Cross-sectional evaluation of a lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in asymptomatic individuals at primary healthcare facilities in South Africa — Peters et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2026
The fluorescence-enhanced catalytic hairpin assembly nanobiosensor detected HPV16 E7 mRNA with high sensitivity and specificity in first-void urine, showing linear performance across clinically relevant concentrations and stability for 45 days, offering a promising tool for decentralised HPV screening programmes.
Fluorescence-Enhanced Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Driven Nanobiosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of HPV16 E7 mRNA — Bina et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
2025
Across ~27,000 specimens, moderate over-collection of first-void urine did not meaningfully change chlamydia or gonorrhoea positivity: first-void STI detection is robust to volume variation, provided the early urethral fraction is captured.
Impact of first-void urine volume on chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity rates — Hall et al., Microbiology Spectrum
- urine
- liquid
- first-void
- sti
2025
In 498 women living with HIV, self-collected first-void urine and vaginal samples showed 78% high-risk HPV prevalence and good genotype concordance, kappa 0.64-0.78. Participants preferred the Colli-Pee device over the Evalyn Brush, supporting decentralised, patient-centric screening feasibility.
Feasibility of First-Void Urinary and Vaginal Self-Sampling for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Guinea-Bissau-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study — Madsen et al., Journal of medical virology
- colli-pee
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2025
Urine self-sampling for HPV showed non-inferior specificity to cervical samples, 85.19%, and found 96% of high-grade lesions. While acceptable, a survey of 1382 participants found 41.6% preferred conventional screening, showing the importance of offering choice in a decentralised, patient-centric programme.
Urine human papillomavirus testing for cervical screening in a UK general screening population: a diagnostic test accuracy study — Davies et al., The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
The EUROArray HPV test achieved similar sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ detection using first-void urine and vaginal self-samples compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, supporting the use of self-collection for cervical screening.
EUROArray HPV test accuracy for cervical precancer in self- vs. clinician-collected samples using the VALHUDES protocol — van et al., Gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
A study of 100 Brazilian women with high-grade cervical lesions found excellent concordance for high-risk HPV detection between clinician-collected samples and patient-centric, self-collected vaginal or first-void urine samples. Self-sampling was preferred for comfort, though the study's single-centre setting may limit generalisability.
Self-sampling for HPV genotyping: a study of vaginal and urine collection in Brazilian women with high-grade lesions — Castanheira et al., Clinics
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- genotyping
2025
This study found that the HarmoniaHPV assay on first-void urine collected via Colli-Pee and vaginal self-samples showed a relative sensitivity of 0.95 for detecting CIN2+ compared to cervical samples. The VenusHPV assay showed similar accuracy but required cut-off optimisation, supporting decentralised HPV screening.
Accuracy of Liferiver HarmoniaHPV and VenusHPV Assays on Urine and Vaginal Self-Samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of medical virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2025
In a Belgian colposcopy referral cohort, a study found that 66.6% of women preferred home-based first-void urine self-sampling over physician-taken samples, and 96.6% found the Colli-Pee UCM FV-5010 device easy to use. This supports patient-centric, decentralised screening, though results are limited to this specific referral population.
Home-based urinary HPV self-sampling for the detection of cervical cancer precursor lesions: attitudes and preferences from Belgian females participating in the CASUS study — Hendrickx et al., Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique
- colli-pee
- acceptability
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- liquid
- urine
2025
HPV DNA testing on first-void urine collected at home performed as well as clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+ using Roche cobas 4800 and 6800 systems, with good to excellent agreement between paired samples. This supports the use of home-collected first-void urine for cervical cancer screening programmes.
Equivalent Clinical Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing Using Cobas 4800 and 6800 Human Papillomavirus Systems in Paired Urine and Cervical Samples — Van Keer et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
Using the Novosanis Colli-Pee Small Volumes device, this study found that self-collected first-void urine had slightly lower sensitivity for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia than cervical samples, CIN2+ ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, with comparable specificity. This patient-centric, decentralised approach offers a feasible screening alternative despite a marginal reduction in sensitivity.
Clinical and Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity m HR HPV Assay in a New Generation First-Void Urine Collector — Van Keer et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
The study validated the Allplex HPV28 assay for use with first-void urine samples collected using a Colli-Pee device, finding good agreement with a reference method and that it works without pre-centrifugation. This provides a reliable, non-invasive option for HPV screening and vaccine monitoring, which is important for increasing participation in decentralised settings.
Optimization and analytical validation of the Allplex HPV28 genotyping assay for use in first-void urine samples — Bell et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- genotyping
2025
A Danish study found that first-void urine testing using the 10-mL Colli-Pee device had similar sensitivity to cervical sampling for detecting CIN2+, ratio 0.97, and CIN3+, ratio 0.95, though specificity was lower. This patient-centric, decentralised microsampling method shows promise, but further clinical accuracy and acceptability data in under-screened populations are needed before implementation.
High-risk human papillomavirus testing in first-void urine as a novel and non-invasive cervical cancer screening modality-a Danish diagnostic test accuracy study — Tranberg et al., BMC medicine
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- validation
- hpv
2025
Self-collection of vaginal samples achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while first-void urine achieved 90% sensitivity and 99% specificity, compared with cervical brushing for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis; these results support the use of self-collected samples for decentralised STI testing.
Accuracy of self-collection versus cervical sampling for the molecular diagnosis of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in women attending gynecological services — Vasco et al., Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
- validation
2025
Concentrated first-void urine samples detected HPV with 84.6% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity, showing substantial agreement with cervical swabs (Fleiss' kappa 0.796). This noninvasive self-collection method could expand screening coverage and improve patient acceptance in decentralised and resource-limited settings.
Concentrated urine as an alternative to cervical smear samples enabling easy screening of HPV in large populations — Uyar et al., Journal of infection and public health (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
Non-invasive HPV self-sampling kits such as first-void urine and menstrual blood devices may increase screening participation among non-Western ethnic minority women by addressing cultural beliefs about virginity and body autonomy.
"Well, that Was Pretty Clever!"-Ethnic Minority Women's Views on HPV Self-Sampling Devices for Cervical Cancer Screening: Attitudes to Brushes, First-Void Urine, and Menstrual Blood Devices — Hald et al., Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
First-void urine PCR identified Ureaplasma urealyticum in 19% of symptomatic men, alongside other pathogens, confirming that patient-collected urine samples provide valid diagnostic results for STI screening outside traditional clinical settings.
Investigation of mycoplasma and ureaplasma species using a molecular method in male patients suffering from urethritis symptoms: a cross-sectional study in the city of Antalya — Karpuz et al., BMC urology
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2025
A new model using sex, age and body surface area most accurately predicted one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren, outperforming eleven existing methods; this improves decentralised assessment of chemical exposure and dietary nutrient intake from first-void urine.
Prediction of one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren based on anthropometric measurements — Kato et al., Environmental health and preventive medicine
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- pediatric
2025
Gargling was less sensitive than throat swabbing for detecting pharyngeal gonorrhoea (85.9% versus 97.2%), though patients preferred gargle samples. This suggests gargle samples can be used as an alternative specimen in decentralised STI screening but with reduced sensitivity compared to throat swabs.
Pharyngeal gonococcal infection and the sensitivity of oral gargle samples in comparison to self-collected throat swabs for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in persons in Tyrol, Austria — Kitchen et al., Infection (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- sti
2025
The SHERLOCK assay detected Mycoplasma genitalium in first-void urine with a limit of detection of 10 copies per reaction and achieved 91.4% overall agreement with the cobas TV/MG PCR test (positive agreement 79.6%, negative agreement 100%), supporting its potential as a rapid point-of-care test for MG.
Development and clinical evaluation of a novel SHERLOCK test for <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> — Omachi et al., Microbiology spectrum
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2025
First-void urine self-collection achieved almost perfect agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection (prevalence-adjusted kappa 0.95 for HPV16). The method showed comparable sensitivity and specificity ratios for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse, supporting its use as a decentralised screening alternative.
A United States study of self-collected urine vs clinician-collected cervical sample for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse detection: Cross-sectional agreement and diagnostic accuracy study — Young et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
The study found that levels of an acrylamide metabolite in first-void urine were significantly and inversely associated with testosterone, puberty stage and facial hair growth in boys aged 13 to 14, but not in girls, suggesting that acrylamide exposure may disrupt pubertal development in males through effects on testosterone.
Acrylamide exposure, sex hormones, and pubertal status in Japanese adolescents — Nagata et al., International journal of environmental health research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hormones
- toxicology
2025
Urine-based HPV testing demonstrated 74% sensitivity and 52% specificity for detecting CIN2+, with performance improving when first-void collection and PCR-based assays were used. Although less sensitive than clinician-collected cervical samples, urine testing was preferred by over 90% of women, indicating potential as a complementary screening strategy to improve uptake.
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
A randomised trial of 13,061 under-screened French women found that mailing vaginal or first-void urine self-sampling kits for HPV testing increased participation in cervical cancer screening to 23.5 to 23.6 per cent, compared with 12.9 per cent for conventional physician invitation letters. This demonstrates that decentralised, patient-centric screening can substantially improve population coverage.
Mailing Vaginal or Urine Self-Sampling Kits versus Conventional Invitation Letters: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Cervical Cancer Screening Attendance — Lefeuvre et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
2024
An independent VALHUDES evaluation found HPV screening on Colli-Pee first-void urine detected high-grade cervical lesions with sensitivity comparable to clinician-collected cervical samples, reinforcing urine self-sampling for cervical screening.
Clinical Performance of the OncoPredict HPV Screening Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Specimens (VALHUDES) — Giubbi et al., J. Medical Virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2024
Self-collected rectal and pharyngeal specimens showed high agreement and diagnostic accuracy compared to clinician-taken samples for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The approach was highly acceptable to participants, the majority of whom preferred self-sampling to clinician-sampling.
Performance and acceptability of self-collected specimens for diagnosis of rectal and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial — Jiang et al., BMC infectious diseases
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2024
Four years after vaccination, HPV-16/18 prevalence in schoolgirls fell from 3–6% to under 0.6% for both single-dose and two-dose regimens, with single-dose effectiveness at 90.6% proving non-inferior to the two-dose schedule. This validates first-void urine sampling for community-based vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised screening programmes.
Community intervention of a single-dose or 2-dose regimen of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in schoolgirls in Thailand: vaccine effectiveness 2 years and 4 years after vaccination — Jiamsiri et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hpv
2024
In pregnant women, first-void urine collected at midgestation detected HPV in 38%, with high-risk genotypes and high viral loads associated with placental HPV infection at delivery (prevalence 3%). No increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed with placental HPV. This demonstrates urine-based HPV screening can identify placental infection risk non-invasively.
Placental human papillomavirus infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes — Værnesbranden et al., Placenta (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- genotyping
- hpv
2024
A time-resolved fluorescence assay detected HPV16-specific IgG in first-void urine with strong correlation to paired serum across four immunoassays in 225 healthy women, supporting first-void urine as a non-invasive alternative to venous blood for HPV antibody monitoring.
Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) for total IgG and HPV16-specific antibody detection in first-void urine and serum: A comparative study — Lipovac et al., Journal of virological methods
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
- hpv
2024
First-void urine IgG remained stable for at least 14 days at room temperature when stored with conservation medium. Amicon filtration with Melon Gel purification enriched HPV16-specific IgG that correlated strongly with serum levels, supporting non-invasive disease monitoring and vaccine impact assessment.
Stability, enrichment, and quantification of total and HPV16-specific IgG present in first-void urine — Téblick et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- serology
- hpv
2024
Adding polyethylene glycol to first-void urine before centrifugation markedly improved cell-free DNA recovery in the pellet, whereas low-speed centrifugation alone removed cellular DNA while keeping cell-free DNA in the supernatant. Pseudovirions pelleted reliably under all conditions, but the study revealed substantial variation between self-collected samples, highlighting the need for standardised protocols in decentralised HPV screening programmes.
Concentration strategies for spiked and naturally present biomarkers in non-invasively collected first-void urine — Téblick et al., European journal of medical research
- urine
- first-void
- hpv
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
The bivalent HPV vaccine showed 100 percent effectiveness against vaccine types 16 and 18 seven years post-vaccination in Thai schoolgirls, but only 32.8 percent effectiveness against other high-risk types, indicating limited cross-protection. The study used first-void urine self-collection for HPV DNA detection, demonstrating a scalable, non-invasive approach for vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised settings.
Effectiveness of HPV vaccine as part of national immunization program for preventing HPV infection in Thai schoolgirls after seven years post-vaccination — Nilyanimit et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- urine
- first-void
- hpv
2024
First-void urine testing detected HPV with 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and participants reported feeling comfortable with this self-collection method. This approach could improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in decentralised settings.
The Impact of Urine-Sample HPV Testing on the Effectiveness of Screening for Cervical Cancer: An Umbrella Review — Miazga et al., Cancers
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
The study found that HPV16-specific neutralizing antibodies can be reliably detected in first-void urine samples, with strong correlation to serum levels, supporting the use of this virtually painless, self-collected sample for monitoring immune response in a decentralised setting.
HPV-specific antibodies in female genital tract secretions captured via first-void urine retain their neutralizing capacity — Téblick et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
2024
Routine clinic-based cervical sampling generated 3670 g CO2e per sample, whereas vaginal self-sampling produced 423 g CO2e and first-void urine collection produced 570 g CO2e. Decentralised self-collection approaches substantially lowered emissions by eliminating primary care clinic visits.
A comparison of the carbon footprint of alternative sampling approaches for cervical screening in the UK: A descriptive study — Whittaker et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- economics
- hpv
- sti
2024
The OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing assay achieved clinical sensitivity ratios of 0.99 for urine and 1.00 for vaginal self-samples versus clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+, and after cut-off optimisation showed similar accuracy on self-collected and cervical specimens, supporting decentralised cervical screening through urine self-collection with Colli-Pee.
Clinical accuracy of OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing (QT) assay on self-samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected first-void urine using the Colli-Pee device detected high-risk HPV with 96.7 per cent concordance compared with clinician-collected cervical swabs in 240 women, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.87, indicating strong agreement and supporting urine self-collection as an acceptable approach for HPV screening.
Comparable detection of HPV using real-time PCR in paired cervical samples and concentrated first-stream urine collected with Colli-Pee device — Nilyanimit et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2024
The Xpert CT/NG assay showed high specificity and moderate-to-high sensitivity for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in urine and rectal specimens, though pharyngeal sensitivity was lower. High acceptability among men who have sex with men and rapid turnaround support its use for decentralised STI screening with immediate treatment initiation.
Clinic-based evaluation of the dual Xpert CT/NG assay on the GeneXpert System for screening for extragenital chlamydial and gonococcal infections amongst men who have sex with men — Cordioli et al., BMC infectious diseases
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- acceptability
- sti
2024
Two cases of sexually acquired reactive arthritis secondary to Chlamydia trachomatis were diagnosed by PCR on first-void urine. This demonstrates that urine-based molecular testing can identify the infectious trigger in reactive arthritis, supporting decentralised STI screening and subsequent rheumatology referral.
Chronic sexually acquired reactive arthritis secondary to Chlamydiatrachomatis — Basu et al., Indian journal of medical microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2024
A systematic review of 70 studies found that 94.7% of accuracy studies reported comparable sensitivity and specificity between self-sampling and clinician collection for HPV detection, with patient acceptability ranging from 84.2% to 100% for devices including Colli-Pee. This evidence endorses decentralised cervical screening to improve uptake.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of self-sampling devices for human Papillomavirus detection: A systematic review — Aimagambetova et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
First-void urine collected with the Colli-pee device detected high-grade cervical precancer with 90.3% sensitivity, substantially better than the 73.4% sensitivity of standard-pot urine, and was acceptable to colposcopy attendees. The device achieved 92% relative sensitivity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, showing promise for decentralised HPV screening.
Urine high-risk human papillomavirus testing as an alternative to routine cervical screening: A comparative diagnostic accuracy study of two urine collection devices using a randomised study design trial — Davies et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2024
The novel lateral flow assay demonstrated excellent clinical sensitivity and specificity for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae in first-void urine and vaginal swabs, meeting the target product profile for a rapid point-of-care test. This decentralised diagnostic tool could optimise clinical management and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in primary care settings lacking laboratory infrastructure.
Novel lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in syndromic management settings: a cross-sectional performance evaluation — Peters et al., Lancet
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2023
Over three years after HPV vaccination in 58 women, HPV-specific IgG was detected in 84% to 100% of first-void urine samples against 98% to 100% of serum samples, and the two correlated strongly; the authors support self-collected urine for follow-up of vaccine-induced immunity, with the caveat that only women were studied.
Follow-up of humoral immune response after HPV vaccination using first-void urine: A longitudinal cohort study — Téblick et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- dct
- colli-pee
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2023
This multisite diagnostic accuracy study evaluated pooling strategies for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using self-collected first-void urine and clinician-collected swabs from 437 men who have sex with men. Both ex-ante and ex-post pooling approaches showed high sensitivity and specificity compared with single-specimen testing, with ex-post pooling achieving 100% sensitivity for gonorrhoea, supporting decentralised screening programmes.
Using pooled urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal specimens to detect <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> among men who have sex with men in China: a multisite diagnostic accuracy study — Jiang et al., BMJ open
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2023
In a review of 91 human adenovirus-associated urethritis cases, dysuria occurred in 84% and meatitis in 34% of patients, with adenovirus type D being the most common subtype identified in first-void urine and urethral smears. Multiplex PCR screening for adenovirus in non-gonococcal urethritis can help establish accurate diagnoses and avoid unnecessary treatments.
Adenovirus-Associated Urethritis, a Not So Uncommon Entity. A Review of 91 Cases — Idigoras et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- sti
2023
Self-collected first-void urine showed substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection in 54 women with confirmed cervical precancer or cancer, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.70 and 86 per cent overall agreement, supporting urine self-sampling as a potential alternative for cervical cancer screening where pelvic examination is not feasible or acceptable.
Study to Determine Concordance between High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus DNA Detection in Self Collected First Voided Urine Samples and Health-Care Worker Collected Cervical Samples in a Subset of Women with Proven Histopathological Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions of the Cervix — Purwar et al., Journal of mid-life health
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2023
This study used first-void urine samples to detect mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea, showing high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance and low prevalence of azithromycin resistance. Molecular testing on urine samples enables decentralised, non-invasive screening for drug-resistant infections.
Prevalence of mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Allplex NG-DR Assay (Seegene) in a tertiary hospital from Madrid, Spain — Maldonado-Barrueco et al., Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2023
Urine sampling with the Colli-Pee device revealed a substantial burden of high-risk HPV infection among unvaccinated Thai schoolgirls, with prevalence increasing from 8.6% in grade 10 to 12.4% in grade 12, demonstrating the feasibility of decentralised screening to guide immunisation policy.
Prevalence of HPV infection among Thai schoolgirls in the north-eastern provinces in 2018: implications for HPV immunization policy — Vongpunsawad et al., IJID regions
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- serology
- hpv
2023
In adults given EPA or DHA for 12 weeks, first-void urine analysed by MSI-CE-MS showed increased S-carboxypropylcysteamine and other candidate metabolites that correlated with the Omega-3 Index measured in erythrocytes, suggesting urine could support non-invasive monitoring of omega-3 status.
Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults — MacIntyre et al., Metabolites
- urine
- first-void
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2023
At-home urine oestrone-3-glucuronide measured with the Mira Fertility Tracker during gonadotropin stimulation correlated well with paired serum oestradiol (r = 0.761) and predicted mature oocyte yield to a similar degree, suggesting that patient-centric oestrogen monitoring could reduce reliance on clinic-based venous draws during fertility treatment.
At-home urine estrone-3-glucuronide quantification predicts oocyte retrieval outcomes comparably with serum estradiol — Nakhuda et al., F&S reports
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- fertility
- hormones
2023
Optimisation of a commercial PCR assay for macrolide resistance in Mycoplasmoides genitalium achieved 100% specificity and 90.9% concordance with sequencing. The assay detected resistance in 67% of positive clinical specimens, with comparable performance from first-void urine and swabs, supporting its use for decentralised STI diagnostics and targeted antibiotic therapy.
Optimization and Clinical Evaluation of an Automated Commercial Analyte-Specific Reagent Assay for <i>Mycoplasmoides genitalium</i> Macrolide Resistance Detection in Primary Clinical Specimens — Munson et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2023
The review found no consistent evidence that midstream urine collection with or without cleansing reduces contamination compared with other non-invasive methods, and only limited data suggested first-void urine had higher contamination than midstream in one study; this matters for decentralised diagnostics because it questions the universal recommendation of midstream collection and supports evaluating simpler, patient-collected methods such as first-void urine for home testing.
Best methods for urine sample collection for diagnostic accuracy in women with urinary tract infection symptoms: a systematic review — Llor et al., Family practice (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
2023
First-void urine tested on the GeneXpert platform detected high-risk HPV DNA with 84.8 per cent sensitivity and 92.3 per cent specificity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, with substantial agreement (kappa 0.77) and high patient acceptability among 100 HIV-positive women in Zambia, suggesting that decentralised urine self-sampling with an EDTA preservative could widen cervical cancer screening coverage where invasive methods deter uptake.
Utilizing first void urine for high-risk HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in HIV-positive women in Katete, Zambia — Kaoma et al., BMC women's health
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2023
First-void urine samples from 85 Austrian school children aged six to ten showed frequent low-level exposure to mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, with 22 percent exceeding the tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol and some facing possible health risks from ochratoxin A. The results support urine microsampling for decentralised exposome monitoring in paediatric populations.
The Austrian children's biomonitoring survey 2020 Part B: Mycotoxins, phytotoxins, phytoestrogens and food processing contaminants — Ayeni et al., Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2023
First-void urine identified merely 15.8% of HPV types in circumcised men with genital warts, the lowest detection rate of six sampling methods. Combining wart biopsy with swabs from four genital anatomical sites achieved 98.9% detection, demonstrating that multi-site collection is necessary for accurate decentralised HPV screening in this population.
Evaluation of the optimal sampling approach for HPV genotyping in circumcised heterosexual men with genital warts — Sarier et al., Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2023
First-void urine self-sampling for HPV screening cost £38.57 per complete screen compared with £56.81 for clinician-collected samples, with potential NHS savings of £19.2 million annually if uptake improved among non-attenders. This shows self-sampling is substantially cheaper and could expand screening reach to under-screened women, supporting decentralised diagnostic programmes.
Two self-sampling strategies for HPV primary cervical cancer screening compared with clinician-collected sampling: an economic evaluation — Huntington et al., BMJ open
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- economics
- hpv
- sti
2023
In a colposcopy referral population, the Alinity m HR HPV assay showed similar sensitivity for CIN2+ on home-collected first-void urine and vaginal self-samples compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, with comparable specificity for first-void urine and variable specificity across vaginal devices; adjusting signal thresholds improved assay accuracy across all self-sample types.
Clinical Accuracy of Alinity m HR HPV Assay on Self- versus Clinician-Taken Samples Using the VALHUDES Protocol — Latsuzbaia et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2023
First-void urine is established as a reliable self-collected specimen for human papillomavirus screening, triage, and post-vaccination surveillance. The use of specialised collection devices and advanced molecular assays supports the integration of non-invasive sampling into routine cervical cancer prevention strategies.
Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory — Poljak et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2022
Glyphosate was quantifiable in 99.8% of first-void urine samples from 6848 French adults and children, with higher levels in men and children and lower levels associated with organic food intake and filtered water; occupational exposure was higher in farmers, indicating widespread environmental contamination relevant to decentralised exposure monitoring.
Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers — Grau et al., Environmental science and pollution research international
- first-void
- toxicology
- pediatric
- urine
2022
Home-collected first-void urine testing for high-risk HPV showed sensitivity equivalent to clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+ and CIN3, but with marginally lower specificity. This supports urine self-sampling as a viable decentralised screening method to improve coverage among unscreened women.
Analytical and clinical performance of extended HPV genotyping with BD Onclarity HPV Assay in home-collected first-void urine: A diagnostic test accuracy study — Van Keer et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2022
The study found comparable seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis and Toxoplasma gondii among male partners of infertile couples in Odisha, with 28 per cent showing anti-Chlamydia IgA and 28 per cent anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. This demonstrates that first-void urine and seminal fluid can detect relevant infections, supporting their use in decentralised fertility screening programmes.
Seropositivity of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis & Toxoplasma gondii</i> among male partners of infertile couples in Odisha, India: A facility-based exploratory study — Naik et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2022
Women with chlamydial infection show reduced microbial diversity in first-void urine, with depletion of Mycoplasmataceae and Ureaplasma parvum and elevated hippurate and lactulose. This demonstrates that urine microbiome and metabolome analysis can reveal infection signatures, supporting decentralised STI screening approaches.
First-Void Urine Microbiome in Women with <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection — Gaspari et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- urine
- first-void
- microbiome
- metabolome
- sti
2022
The study found that higher urinary levels of certain pesticide metabolites were significantly associated with increased risk of acute lower and upper respiratory infections in children under five, particularly in those older than two years. This supports the use of decentralised urine microsampling for environmental exposure and child health studies.
Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study — Akyeampong et al., Environmental health insights
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
2022
First-void urine sampling detected Mycoplasma genitalium in 8% of 493 men with non-gonococcal urethritis at a Hong Kong STI clinic. With antimicrobial-resistance mutations in 63% of isolates, including dual-class resistance in 37%, the results support decentralised screening to guide therapy.
Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium as the cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in male patients at a sexually transmitted infection clinic — Lee et al., International journal of antimicrobial agents (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2022
Among asymptomatic individuals with gonorrhoea, 71.3% of infections were pharyngeal and 23.1% rectal, with only 4.7% genital. The study evaluated culture recovery from self-collected first-void urine and swabs, demonstrating that decentralised screening must address extragenital sites to enable antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture growth rates from asymptomatic individuals with a positive nucleic acid amplification test — Nadal-Baron et al., Letters in applied microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- sti
2022
In men with urinary symptoms, first-void urine multiplex PCR detected Gardnerella vaginalis in 15.9%, making it the most common pathogen, and it often co-occurred with other agents; including G. vaginalis in panels can increase detection of causes of unexplained urinary or urethral symptoms.
<i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>: Is it an Underestimated Cause of Urinary Symptoms in Males? — Kılıç et al., Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2022
Among 246 asymptomatic undergraduate students, 12.2% had Trichomonas vaginalis infection when tested by TV in-pouch versus 8.5% by wet preparation, indicating higher sensitivity of the in-pouch method and supporting screening of young people for this common STI.
<i>TRICHOMONAS</i> VAGINALIS INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA — Ajani et al., Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2022
A cross-sectional survey of 1,087 men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province, China found a syphilis prevalence of 6.3% and chlamydia prevalence of 4.2%, with higher odds among those recruited online and with recent STI diagnosis. The use of first-void urine for nucleic acid amplification testing demonstrates the utility of decentralised sampling for STI screening in high-risk populations.
Prevalence of syphilis and chlamydia trachomatis infection among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province, China: A cross-sectional survey — Hu et al., Frontiers in public health
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- sti
2022
First-void urine from women with recurrent spontaneous abortion showed that Chlamydia trachomatis infection was associated with upregulated SOD2 and downregulated SOD1 expression, alongside increased oxidative stress markers 8-hydroxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane, suggesting a role for antioxidant imbalance and ROS detoxification pathways in RSA pathogenesis.
Aberrant gene expression of superoxide dismutases in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected recurrent spontaneous aborters — Ray et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2022
In 50 prostate cancer patients, first‑void urine collection captured bacteria more frequently than midstream sampling (87.8% versus 75.3% of specimens), and radiotherapy caused a temporary reduction in urinary microbiome species richness. These findings validate first‑void sampling for decentralised microbiome monitoring in oncology.
A New Approach to Imaging and Rapid Microbiome Identification for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy — Maślak et al., Biomedicines
- urine
- first-void
- microbiome
2022
Self-collected vaginal and first-void urine samples achieved substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for HPV detection using the BD Onclarity™ assay, with vaginal samples showing 95.3% overall positive agreement (kappa 0.890) and urine samples 90.6% agreement (kappa 0.776) when no clinical cut-off was applied. This supports decentralised, patient-centric cervical screening programmes.
Evaluation of BD Onclarity™ HPV Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and First-Void Urine Samples as Compared to Clinician-Collected Cervical Samples: A Pilot Study — Martinelli et al., Diagnostics
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2021
In first-void urine collected with Colli-Pee, the extraction method influenced HPV and human DNA yield more than the collected volume did: standardising processing matters at least as much as standardising volume.
Impact of Collection Volume and DNA Extraction Method on the Detection of Biomarkers and HPV DNA in First-Void Urine — Téblick et al., Molecules
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- liquid
- urine
- biomarkers
2021
High-risk HPV testing on first-void urine self-collected with Colli-Pee was about as sensitive, relative sensitivity 0.95, and specific for CIN2+ as clinician-taken cervical samples, supporting standardised first-void urine as a valid screening matrix.
Clinical and analytical evaluation of high-risk HPV testing on Colli-Pee first-void urine using the VALHUDES protocol — Van Keer et al., Gynecologic Oncology (paywalled)
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2021
Among 515 women, 93% believed HPV self-sampling could improve screening uptake and 95% found instructions clear and felt confident, yet 41% still preferred clinician collection and 9-19% found it unpleasant. This shows urine-based screening with Colli-Pee is well accepted but not universally preferred, a crucial insight for patient-centric decentralised programmes.
Cervical cancer screening using HPV tests on self-samples: attitudes and preferences of women participating in the VALHUDES study — De Pauw et al., Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2021
In women with ASC-US, first-void urine hrHPV testing showed substantial overall concordance with cervical testing (simple concordance 90.8%, Kappa 0.765) and almost perfect concordance for HPV16/18 (98.8%, Kappa 0.840), supporting its use as a decentralised alternative to cervical sampling.
Comparison between Urine and Cervical High-Risk HPV Tests for Japanese Women with ASC-US — Yamazaki et al., Diagnostics
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
2021
First-void urine and anatomical-site swabs identified multiple STI coinfections in an HIV-positive homosexual man, with rectal swabs detecting all four pathogens. The case supports decentralised screening of high-risk groups for concurrent sexually transmitted infections.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. Coinfection in an HIV-Positive Homosexual Man — Khullar et al., Journal of laboratory physicians
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2021
The study found that first-void urine PCR detected urogenital mycoplasmas DNA in 28.2% of men with genitourinary diseases versus 14% in healthy controls (p=0.05). This demonstrates the clinical utility of first-void urine sampling for identifying STI-associated pathogens in patients with genitourinary conditions, supporting its use in decentralised diagnostic workflows.
Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas in men with the common genitourinary diseases — Smolec et al., Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2021
Handelsman et al. validated a direct LCMS assay for pregnanediol glucuronide in dried urine spots without deconjugation. In ten women monitored across one menstrual cycle, using two or three consecutive first-void samples reduced false-negative ovulation detection from eight per cent to 2.6 per cent and 1.9 per cent respectively, enabling accurate home-based fertility assessment.
Direct measurement of pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG) in dried urine spots by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect ovulation — Handelsman et al., The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- fertility
- hormones
- steroids
2021
Residual pooled rectal/pharyngeal/first-void urine specimens and residual rectal swabs showed 89% and 88% concordance respectively with dedicated anal swabs for HPV DNA detection, with marginally higher positivity rates. This demonstrates that leftover STI test material can reliably be repurposed for HPV prevalence monitoring in men who have sex with men, enabling decentralised public health surveillance without additional patient burden.
Performance of human papillomavirus DNA detection in residual specimens taken for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> nucleic acid amplification testing in men who have sex with men — Nugent et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2021
NAAT on first-void urine is essential for identifying the cause of urethritis; dysuria is the most common symptom and purulent discharge is typical of gonococcal infection whereas transparent discharge suggests non-gonococcal pathogens, guiding decentralised diagnostic pathways.
Clinical profile and co-infections of urethritis in males — Bellinato et al., Italian journal of dermatology and venereology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2021
The study identified differential expression of urine-circulating microRNAs in five Chlamydia trachomatis-positive women with recurrent spontaneous abortion versus controls, with miR-16 showing 4.3-fold upregulation. This supports first-void urine as a viable non-invasive specimen for molecular screening of infection-related reproductive complications in decentralised settings.
Differential expression of urine-circulating micro-RNAs in Chlamydia trachomatis-induced recurrent spontaneous aborters — Ray et al., Microbial pathogenesis (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- sti
- biomarkers
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