The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 1–100 of 160 labelled “hpv”, newest first.
2026
This meta-analysis found that HPV testing using self-collected vaginal and urine samples showed sensitivities of 88.6% and 81% for detecting cervical precancer. Using a standardised device for first-void urine increased sensitivity to 86.6%, supporting decentralised patient-centric screening, though data on specificity and specific commercial devices were not consistently reported.
Diagnostic Performance of HPV Testing Using Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples for Detecting Cervical Precancer or Worse: A Meta-Analysis — Hsiao et al., The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
DNA methylation markers in first-void urine effectively detect high-grade cervical lesions in HPV-positive women, with results similar to clinician-collected samples in those over 30. This enables reliable cervical cancer screening using self-collected urine, reducing the need for invasive follow-up procedures in decentralised settings.
Evaluating DNA methylation markers and extended HPV genotyping in first-void urine for detecting high-grade cervical lesions in HPV-positive women: a cross-sectional study — Tranberg et al., BMC medicine
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- biomarkers
- genotyping
2026
A study of 2500 women found 99.0% agreement between first-void urine and vaginal self-sampling for HPV detection using Cobas4800, with 98.1% of participants preferring urine. Although conducted in a resource-limited setting which may limit generalisability, these results support urine as a viable sample type for decentralised, patient-centric screening.
Comparative efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of HPV DNA testing on first-void urine versus self-collected vaginal samples: a real-world study in a resource-limited setting — Bose et al., BMJ global health
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
This study found that self-collected vaginal swabs and first-void urine yielded comparable detection rates for vaccine-targeted high-risk HPV types, supporting the use of both patient-centric methods for decentralised surveillance. Vaginal swabs showed higher sensitivity for non-vaccine types, whereas urine sampling offers a non-invasive alternative.
Comparison of self-collected vaginal swabs and first-void urine for detection of human papillomavirus in sexually active girls and women in three South Asian countries — Telele et al., PloS one
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2026
A comparison of human papillomavirus detection in first-void urine and cervicovaginal samples from Colombian women showed moderate prevalence but weak concordance between the two methods. Although urine-based screening offers a non-invasive alternative, its limited diagnostic performance in this study highlights the ongoing need to optimise collection and processing strategies for decentralised screening.
HPV detection in first void urine and cervicovaginal samples: comparative study and analysis of associated factors in women from tunja, colombia — Neita et al., Preventive medicine reports
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- genotyping
2026
First-void urine and self-collected vaginal swabs showed similar sensitivity and specificity to clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection across two real-time PCR assays, supporting their use as decentralised, patient-collected alternatives; most women preferred first-void urine for regular cervical screening.
Comparative performance of first-void urine and self-collected vaginal swabs against clinician-collected cervical samples using 2 HPV real-time assays in Indian women — A et al., Journal of gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2026
Urinary HPV testing using first-void urine collected with the Colli-Pee device showed substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervico-vaginal sampling and near-equivalent negative predictive value, supporting its use as a clinically credible non-invasive entry point for cervical screening in settings where low participation rather than analytical performance is the principal barrier.
Agreement and Diagnostic Performance of Urinary HPV Testing Versus Clinician-Collected Cervico-Vaginal Sampling: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Romanian Cohort — Nati et al., Medical sciences (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- hpv
- sti
2026
A study in two UK cities found that at-home first-void urine sampling for HPV screening achieved a 59% uptake among women aged 60-79. Telephone reminders increased response by 5% compared with text messages, showing that decentralised sampling can engage older women, though response rates varied by area-level deprivation and screening history.
The Use of First-Void Urine to Screen Women Aged 60-79 for HPV in the UK: The Catch-Up Screen Study — Rake et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2026
First-void urine samples showed significantly higher detection rates of HPV-specific IgG antibodies compared to midstream urine, confirming the necessity of capturing the initial stream. The study found no significant difference between 10 mL and 20 mL collection volumes, indicating flexibility in device specifications for self-collection.
The importance of first-void urine for assessing HPV-specific antibodies: A comparison with midstream urine — Van Caesbroeck et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2026
In a small proof-of-concept, first-void urine and cervicovaginal brushes yielded high-quality vaginal microbiome profiles in most participants, comparable to vaginal swabs, offering non-invasive, user-friendly alternatives for research; however, storage at room temperature altered microbial composition in some first-void urine samples, indicating a need for careful handling.
First-void urine and cervicovaginal brushes for vaginal microbiome profiling: a proof-of-concept study — Pinedo-Bardales et al., Microbiology spectrum (paywalled)
- first-void
- self-collection
- microbiome
- hpv
- urine
2026
This meta-analysis found that self-collected urine samples for HPV testing had lower sensitivity for detecting high-grade lesions compared to physician-collected cervical specimens. The use of a first-void collection device such as Colli-Pee was associated with marginally higher sensitivity than general urine sampling.
Accuracy of HPV Testing Using Self-collected Urine Compared With Physician-collected Cervical Specimen for HSIL or Worse — Chen et al., Journal of lower genital tract disease (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
This randomised sub-study found return rates of 10.4% for Colli-Pee, 10.1% for FLOQSwabs and 7.4% for Evalyn-Brush. All devices yielded sufficient DNA with low invalid rates, but the authors noted the study was limited by low overall participation.
Comparison of three different hpv self-sampling tools - a subanalysis of the prospective, randomized hannover self-collection study — Hempel et al., Archives of gynecology and obstetrics
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
Vaginal self-sampling achieved higher pooled sensitivity and specificity than urine self-sampling for detecting high-risk HPV, making it the preferred option, while urine self-sampling remains a useful non-invasive choice for under-screened populations.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine and Vaginal Self-Sampling for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Rakhat & Aimagambetova, Viruses
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
For decentralised testing, a study found dry vaginal self-samples using Copan FLOQSwabs stored up to two weeks at room temperature maintain DNA quality. However, first-void urine collected with the Colli-Pee device may be less sensitive for HPV detection, showing lower positivity and higher cycle threshold values, median Ct 30 versus 27 for other samples.
Evaluation of the Quality and Suitability of Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Samples for Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Prospective Matched Study — Chu et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- dried
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
The study found that testing for ASCL1/LHX8 DNA methylation in at-home collected first-void urine can detect most cervical cancers and high-grade precancers, supporting a fully molecular screening pathway without a clinical visit.
Clinical performance of ASCL1/LHX8 DNA methylation on first-void urine to screen for cervical cancer — Van Keer et al., Communications medicine
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- urine
- biomarkers
2026
Self-sampling for HPV testing using urine and swab devices achieved high DNA detection rates, 92.1-99.7%, and very high participant acceptance, 99.1%, in a primary care population, supporting decentralised screening in low-resource settings.
Population-based self-sampling under primary care conditions - a possible approach for cervical cancer screening in Indonesia (IndoCerCa study) — Wenang et al., Reproductive health
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
Self-collected vaginal samples demonstrated comparable sensitivity to clinician-collected specimens for detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, whereas urine and menstrual blood samples showed lower sensitivity despite moderate concordance for human papillomavirus detection.
HPV Detection in Clinician-Collected, Self-Collected Vagina, Urine, and Menstrual Blood Samples — Ho et al., Journal of lower genital tract disease (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2026
This study found strong agreement between self-collected urine samples tested with the INDICAID HPV assay and clinician-collected swabs tested with the BD Onclarity assay for detecting high-risk HPV. The results suggest that urine-based self-collection offers a reliable alternative for cervical cancer screening, potentially improving access for women who face barriers to standard care.
Agreement between INDICAID™ HPV (human papillomavirus) Urine Test and BD Onclarity™ HPV Assay in detection of high-risk HPV in self-collected urine samples — Yung et al., Journal of gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2026
This meta-analysis found that urine self-sampling for HPV detection had significantly lower sensitivity for high-grade lesions compared to vaginal and cervical samples, though specificity remained comparable. Despite the reduced diagnostic accuracy, the non-invasive and acceptable nature of urine sampling supports its use as a decentralised option to improve screening uptake.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of urine self-sampling for human papillomavirus detection in cervical cancer screening — Nath et al., Journal of medical screening (paywalled)
- acceptability
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
Genital swabs demonstrated a significantly higher human papillomavirus positivity rate than self-collected urine samples or urethral swabs in men, suggesting that urine may be a less sensitive matrix for screening in this population.
Urine sample for HPV detection in men: is it a valid and non-invasive diagnostic alternative? — Sucato et al., Microbiology spectrum
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2026
This study found that self-collected vaginal dry swabs provided noninferior sensitivity for detecting high-grade cervical lesions compared to practitioner-collected samples, although specificity was lower.
Clinical Validation of the Roche cobas and cobas 4800 Human Papillomavirus Tests on Self-Collected Vaginal Dry Swabs versus Practitioner-Collected Cervical Specimens Using the VALHUDES Protocol — Hawkes et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- sti
- self-collection
- dried
- hpv
- validation
2026
Self-collected HPV testing was highly acceptable to transgender men with a cervix, and most participants preferred urine-based self-sampling over vaginal sampling, suggesting urine self-collection could help overcome barriers to cervical screening in this group.
Genital human papillomavirus detection in self-samples from transgender men — Vervalcke et al., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
This study found that home-based multi-pathogen self-sampling, including urine collection, was feasible and highly acceptable to women in Zambia, with the majority preferring home visits over clinic attendance.
Acceptability and feasibility of one-stop home-based genital self-sampling for female genital schistosomiasis, human papilloma virus and self-testing for trichomonas and HIV: the Zipime Weka Schista study in Zambia — Ndubani et al., BMC women's health (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
Postnatal women view the six-week check-up as a window of opportunity for cervical screening via urine self-sampling, though some feel it may be too soon after delivery. The study reveals women's health is perceived as neglected compared with infant care, supporting feasibility of a trial to test early postnatal screening uptake.
Investigating the Acceptability of Cervical Screening and Self-Sampling in Postnatal Women at the 6-Week Postnatal Check-Up: A Qualitative Study — Newhouse et al., Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2026
Among 454 postnatal women, 74.4 per cent would be more likely to undergo cervical screening if offered urine self-sampling for HPV at six weeks postnatal, and 54 per cent preferred this method to conventional clinician-taken samples. This indicates high acceptability of patient-collected urine for decentralised HPV screening in the postnatal period, which could improve uptake when integrated into routine postnatal care.
Investigating the acceptability of cervical screening, using conventional clinician-taken cervical samples or urine self-sampling, at 6 weeks postnatal: A cross-sectional questionnaire — Cullimore et al., Journal of medical screening
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2026
Salivary HPV DNA testing achieved 91.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity against oropharyngeal swab in patients with oral cavity cancer, demonstrating potential for non-invasive self-collection screening programmes and long-term monitoring of HPV-driven disease.
Application of a Saliva-Based Liquid Biopsy for the Detection of HPV in Patients With Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) — Bulfoni et al., Head & neck
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
2026
The Phase HPV Urine Test detected 14 high-risk HPV types from first-void urine samples, showing 93 per cent concordance with the Roche cobas 4800 reference assay after sequencing adjudication. The test demonstrated high precision, a low limit of detection, and ten-day stability at ambient temperature, supporting non-invasive, self-collected screening to improve access and participation.
Performance of a novel, urine-based test for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection — Manjeshwar et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
In women with abnormal cytology, hrHPV testing and PAX1/ZNF671 methylation were assessed across paired self-collected urine and vaginal samples versus clinician cervical scrapes. Methylation markers showed high area under the ROC curve for CIN3+ and strong correlation with lesion severity, and the optimal PAX1/ZNF671 panel achieved high sensitivity for CIN2+ in cervical samples but lower sensitivity in urine and vaginal samples, indicating cervical samples are optimal for methylation testing while urine and vaginal self-collection may be useful for hrHPV triage.
Comparative performance of hrHPV testing and PAX1/ZNF671 methylation in triaging women with abnormal cytology: a study of paired urine, vaginal and cervical scrape samples — Wang et al., Frontiers in oncology
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2026
A paired-sample study of postnatal cervical screening proved feasible with high attendance and low test inadequacy. Urine self-sampling for HPV showed lower sensitivity (60% at six weeks) than clinician-taken samples, suggesting it may be less reliable in this population.
Comparison of Cervical Screening at 6- and 12-Weeks Postnatal: A Paired-Sample Feasibility Study — Cullimore et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2026
In a multicentre European study the Papilloplex HR-HPV assay showed similar clinical sensitivity for CIN2+ on self collected urine and vaginal swabs compared with clinician taken cervical samples, while clinical specificity was similar for urine but lower for vaginal swabs; cut off optimisation restored specificity for vaginal swabs without compromising sensitivity.
Clinical performance assessment of the Papilloplex HR-HPV assay on self-taken urine and vaginal swab samples: findings from a multicentre European study — Cuschieri et al., Journal of clinical pathology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2026
First-void urine sampling detected 33% prevalence of 28 HPV types in 16-21-year-old Ugandan females. HPV16/18 prevalence was markedly lower among vaccinated participants (1.4%) than unvaccinated (5.6%), though vaccine coverage was suboptimal with inconsistent dosing. This validates patient-centric urine microsampling for decentralised infectious disease surveillance in resource-limited settings.
Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination among young females in rural Uganda — Newton et al., International journal of cancer (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
2026
The fluorescence-enhanced catalytic hairpin assembly nanobiosensor detected HPV16 E7 mRNA with high sensitivity and specificity in first-void urine, showing linear performance across clinically relevant concentrations and stability for 45 days, offering a promising tool for decentralised HPV screening programmes.
Fluorescence-Enhanced Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Driven Nanobiosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of HPV16 E7 mRNA — Bina et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
2025
In 498 women living with HIV, self-collected first-void urine and vaginal samples showed 78% high-risk HPV prevalence and good genotype concordance, kappa 0.64-0.78. Participants preferred the Colli-Pee device over the Evalyn Brush, supporting decentralised, patient-centric screening feasibility.
Feasibility of First-Void Urinary and Vaginal Self-Sampling for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Guinea-Bissau-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study — Madsen et al., Journal of medical virology
- colli-pee
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
2025
Urine self-sampling for HPV showed non-inferior specificity to cervical samples, 85.19%, and found 96% of high-grade lesions. While acceptable, a survey of 1382 participants found 41.6% preferred conventional screening, showing the importance of offering choice in a decentralised, patient-centric programme.
Urine human papillomavirus testing for cervical screening in a UK general screening population: a diagnostic test accuracy study — Davies et al., The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
The EUROArray HPV test achieved similar sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ detection using first-void urine and vaginal self-samples compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, supporting the use of self-collection for cervical screening.
EUROArray HPV test accuracy for cervical precancer in self- vs. clinician-collected samples using the VALHUDES protocol — van et al., Gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
A study of 100 Brazilian women with high-grade cervical lesions found excellent concordance for high-risk HPV detection between clinician-collected samples and patient-centric, self-collected vaginal or first-void urine samples. Self-sampling was preferred for comfort, though the study's single-centre setting may limit generalisability.
Self-sampling for HPV genotyping: a study of vaginal and urine collection in Brazilian women with high-grade lesions — Castanheira et al., Clinics
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- genotyping
2025
In a decentralised Eswatini clinic, molecular testing on the Xpert platform of self-collected urine and swabs found a 31.7% prevalence of Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, or Trichomonas, with 20.8% of these asymptomatic. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, this shows the feasibility of patient-centric sampling for sexually transmitted infection screening in resource-limited settings.
High Burden of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Routine Decentralised HIV Care Setting in Eswatini: A Cross-Sectional Study — Kerschberger et al., Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
- sti
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2025
This study found that the HarmoniaHPV assay on first-void urine collected via Colli-Pee and vaginal self-samples showed a relative sensitivity of 0.95 for detecting CIN2+ compared to cervical samples. The VenusHPV assay showed similar accuracy but required cut-off optimisation, supporting decentralised HPV screening.
Accuracy of Liferiver HarmoniaHPV and VenusHPV Assays on Urine and Vaginal Self-Samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of medical virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2025
In a Belgian colposcopy referral cohort, a study found that 66.6% of women preferred home-based first-void urine self-sampling over physician-taken samples, and 96.6% found the Colli-Pee UCM FV-5010 device easy to use. This supports patient-centric, decentralised screening, though results are limited to this specific referral population.
Home-based urinary HPV self-sampling for the detection of cervical cancer precursor lesions: attitudes and preferences from Belgian females participating in the CASUS study — Hendrickx et al., Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique
- colli-pee
- acceptability
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- liquid
- urine
2025
This study found that 80% of Middle Eastern-North African women preferred urine HPV self-sampling over clinician-directed screening, and 73% favoured home collection. 80% reported this decentralised method would positively impact future screening intent.
Acceptability of Home-Based Urine Self-Collection for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Receiving Care at the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services in Michigan — Guetterman et al., Cancer medicine
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2025
HPV DNA testing on first-void urine collected at home performed as well as clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+ using Roche cobas 4800 and 6800 systems, with good to excellent agreement between paired samples. This supports the use of home-collected first-void urine for cervical cancer screening programmes.
Equivalent Clinical Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing Using Cobas 4800 and 6800 Human Papillomavirus Systems in Paired Urine and Cervical Samples — Van Keer et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
Using the Novosanis Colli-Pee Small Volumes device, this study found that self-collected first-void urine had slightly lower sensitivity for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia than cervical samples, CIN2+ ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, with comparable specificity. This patient-centric, decentralised approach offers a feasible screening alternative despite a marginal reduction in sensitivity.
Clinical and Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity m HR HPV Assay in a New Generation First-Void Urine Collector — Van Keer et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
The study validated the Allplex HPV28 assay for use with first-void urine samples collected using a Colli-Pee device, finding good agreement with a reference method and that it works without pre-centrifugation. This provides a reliable, non-invasive option for HPV screening and vaccine monitoring, which is important for increasing participation in decentralised settings.
Optimization and analytical validation of the Allplex HPV28 genotyping assay for use in first-void urine samples — Bell et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- genotyping
2025
A Danish study found that first-void urine testing using the 10-mL Colli-Pee device had similar sensitivity to cervical sampling for detecting CIN2+, ratio 0.97, and CIN3+, ratio 0.95, though specificity was lower. This patient-centric, decentralised microsampling method shows promise, but further clinical accuracy and acceptability data in under-screened populations are needed before implementation.
High-risk human papillomavirus testing in first-void urine as a novel and non-invasive cervical cancer screening modality-a Danish diagnostic test accuracy study — Tranberg et al., BMC medicine
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- validation
- hpv
2025
Self-collection of menstrual blood using the M-strip was feasible and highly acceptable to women, and hr-HPV DNA results from menstrual blood showed 100% concordance with direct cervical smears, supporting its potential use in decentralised cervical screening.
HPV-DNA testing from self-sampled menstrual blood using M-strip: A proof-of-concept study on feasibility & acceptance of a novel biosampling method — Chandra et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2025
Focus groups with 48 women from diverse ethnic groups in Northwest England revealed that self-sampling for cervical screening was highly acceptable, particularly because it offered privacy, autonomy, and reduced discomfort. The study indicates that providing a self-sampling option could increase screening uptake among underserved populations, though participants expressed concerns about test accuracy and practical usability.
Acceptability of Self-Sampling for Cervical Screening in Ethnically Diverse Groups in Northwest England: A Focus Group Study — Whitley et al., Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2025
A meta-analysis of 15 studies with 3665 participants showed that urine and vaginal self-sampling for HPV testing achieved pooled sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.81 for cervical cancer screening, with an area under the curve of 0.92. Vaginal self-sampling outperformed urine sampling for high-risk HPV detection, and both methods demonstrated high sensitivity for identifying CIN2 lesions, indicating their suitability for patient-centric screening.
Accuracy analysis of cervical cancer screening using urine and vaginal self-sampling versus clinician-collected samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Li et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Self-collected urine HPV nucleic acid amplification testing shows high pooled sensitivity but modest specificity for detecting HSIL+, supporting its use as a non-invasive decentralised screening option though confirmatory testing may be needed due to lower specificity.
Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing using self-collected urine samples for detecting high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion or worse: a diagnostic meta-analysis — Hsiao et al., International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Concentrated first-void urine samples detected HPV with 84.6% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity, showing substantial agreement with cervical swabs (Fleiss' kappa 0.796). This noninvasive self-collection method could expand screening coverage and improve patient acceptance in decentralised and resource-limited settings.
Concentrated urine as an alternative to cervical smear samples enabling easy screening of HPV in large populations — Uyar et al., Journal of infection and public health (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
Non-invasive HPV self-sampling kits such as first-void urine and menstrual blood devices may increase screening participation among non-Western ethnic minority women by addressing cultural beliefs about virginity and body autonomy.
"Well, that Was Pretty Clever!"-Ethnic Minority Women's Views on HPV Self-Sampling Devices for Cervical Cancer Screening: Attitudes to Brushes, First-Void Urine, and Menstrual Blood Devices — Hald et al., Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
This review summarises how emerging HPV detection methods including CRISPR/Cas systems, droplet digital PCR and isothermal amplification, combined with self-collected vaginal swabs and liquid biopsy from urine or blood, could improve screening acceptability and enable point-of-care testing compared with conventional approaches that require invasive sampling and centralised laboratory infrastructure.
Evolving HPV diagnostics: current practice and future frontiers — Shi et al., Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
- liquid-biopsy
2025
Self-collected vaginal and urine specimens demonstrated good to substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting high-risk HPV and other sexually transmitted infections, supporting their use in decentralised screening programmes. The higher STI positivity rate among hrHPV-positive women suggests coinfections may influence cervical disease, warranting further investigation.
Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in Cervical and Self-Collected Specimens — Giubbi et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
In a French trial of 682 under-screened women, most found HPV self-sampling instructions clear and procedures easy, with around 80% preferring home collection over clinic visits. Urine self-sampling was better tolerated than vaginal self-sampling, suggesting it may improve participation in decentralised cervical cancer screening programmes.
Women's perceptions and preferences toward HPV self-sampling in France: A questionnaire within the French CapU4 Trial — De Pauw et al., Journal of infection and public health (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
In 121 women with abnormal cervical cytology, self-collected vaginal samples detected HPV with 77.8% concordance and 75.7% sensitivity compared to clinician-collected cervical samples using the BD Onclarity assay, while spot urine samples stored under optimal conditions (BD Probe Tec container, <72 h at room temperature) achieved only 63.9% concordance and 46.4% sensitivity. This demonstrates that self-collected vaginal sampling is a viable patient-centric approach for decentralised HPV screening, though urine-based testing requires further methodological refinement to improve clinical performance.
The Utility of an Human Papillomavirus Genotype Assay for Cancer Screening in Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples from Japanese Women — Mizuno et al., Gynecologic and obstetric investigation
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
In a pooled analysis of three screening studies in rural West Bengal involving 80,988 women, high-risk HPV positivity remained stable at around 5% over two decades with no significant difference between self-collected and provider-collected samples, while CIN 2+ detection rates declined significantly from 5.7 per 1000 to 2 per 1000, attributed to improved education, delayed marriage and reduced fertility rather than organised screening or vaccination.
Analysis of time trends of prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, high grade cervical precancer and cervical cancer disease in women from Eastern India over 20 years - Pooled analysis from three studies — Bose et al., Cancer epidemiology (paywalled)
- self-collection
- hpv
2025
DNA methylation levels in self-collected cervicovaginal samples fell two years after treatment in patients who remained free of recurrent cervical cancer. This shows that home-collected urine and cervicovaginal specimens can be used to assess methylation markers for surveillance of cervical cancer recurrence.
Recurrent cervical cancer detection using DNA methylation markers in self-collected samples from home — Schaafsma et al., International journal of cancer
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- biomarkers
2025
Self-collected urine and vaginal samples were tested with a new hrHPV PCR assay and compared to cervical samples. Urine showed lower sensitivity but higher specificity than vaginal and cervical samples, while vaginal samples were slightly less sensitive than cervical samples. This supports the use of self-collection for cervical screening, though urine is less sensitive than vaginal or cervical sampling.
Diagnostic accuracy of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected samples among women referred for colposcopy — Yan et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
A smartphone based colourimetric assay that detects a metabolic byproduct of HPV infected cells in urine achieved sensitivity and specificity comparable to nucleic acid detection, offering a low cost, user friendly option for home self screening of HPV.
Smartphone-based urine colourimetric assay for home self-screening of HPV infection — Zhang et al., Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2025
The hrHPV ReadyMix qPCR Kit detected high-risk HPV DNA in self-collected urine with 80.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to cervical swabs. Urine testing identified a similar HPV prevalence (6.28%) to cervical swabs (6.62%), suggesting this non-invasive method could expand cervical cancer screening programmes in low-resource settings.
Urinary detection of high-risk HPV DNA to enhance cervical cancer screening in developing countries — Intan et al., Microbiology spectrum
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urine-based HPV testing showed broad variability in diagnostic performance, with sensitivity ranging from 44.8 to 98.6 per cent and specificity from 61 to 100 per cent against cervical specimens. High patient acceptability was reported, yet standardisation is needed before this self-collection approach can be approved for decentralised cervical cancer screening.
A Narrative Review of Urine-Based Human Papillomavirus Screening: Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities to Expand Access in the United States — Yang et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urinary HPV testing showed lower sensitivity than cervical sampling for detecting CIN2+ (79% versus 93%) but higher specificity (58% versus 50%), and participants favoured urine self-collection. The authors conclude that while urine sampling may complement screening in resource-limited or culturally conservative settings, its suboptimal performance and absence of standardised protocols preclude its use for general population screening.
Pooled performance of urinary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for the presence of cervical HPV — Ye et al., Cancer (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
Self-collected urine and vaginal samples for hrHPV and CIN2+ detection showed high diagnostic accuracy and acceptability compared with clinician sampling, supporting their use as viable alternatives that could improve screening accessibility and compliance in decentralised settings.
Feasibility and acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling compared with clinician sampling in urban areas of western China: a cross-sectional survey — Xue et al., Frontiers in public health
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
First-void urine self-collection achieved almost perfect agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection (prevalence-adjusted kappa 0.95 for HPV16). The method showed comparable sensitivity and specificity ratios for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse, supporting its use as a decentralised screening alternative.
A United States study of self-collected urine vs clinician-collected cervical sample for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse detection: Cross-sectional agreement and diagnostic accuracy study — Young et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urine-based HPV testing demonstrated 74% sensitivity and 52% specificity for detecting CIN2+, with performance improving when first-void collection and PCR-based assays were used. Although less sensitive than clinician-collected cervical samples, urine testing was preferred by over 90% of women, indicating potential as a complementary screening strategy to improve uptake.
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
A randomised trial of 13,061 under-screened French women found that mailing vaginal or first-void urine self-sampling kits for HPV testing increased participation in cervical cancer screening to 23.5 to 23.6 per cent, compared with 12.9 per cent for conventional physician invitation letters. This demonstrates that decentralised, patient-centric screening can substantially improve population coverage.
Mailing Vaginal or Urine Self-Sampling Kits versus Conventional Invitation Letters: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Cervical Cancer Screening Attendance — Lefeuvre et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
2024
An independent VALHUDES evaluation found HPV screening on Colli-Pee first-void urine detected high-grade cervical lesions with sensitivity comparable to clinician-collected cervical samples, reinforcing urine self-sampling for cervical screening.
Clinical Performance of the OncoPredict HPV Screening Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Specimens (VALHUDES) — Giubbi et al., J. Medical Virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2024
A pilot RCT found home self-sampling tools substantially increased screening uptake for colorectal cancer, 75% vs 13%, and cervical cancer, 79% vs 8%, versus standard reminders among underserved patients, with abnormal findings in a quarter of returned tests. The study was limited by small sample size and short follow-up.
Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial — Moss et al., JNCI cancer spectrum
- stool
- self-collection
- colorectal
- hpv
2024
Self-collected oral sponge sampling found high accuracy for HPV DNA detection in oral cancer patients, with 100% specificity, 85.7% sensitivity and an AUC of 0.93, compared to oral rinse. The authors note larger cohorts are required to confirm performance.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Detection in Oral Rinse vs. Oral Sponge: A Preliminary Accuracy Report in Oral Cancer Patients — Panzarella et al., Cancers
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2024
This review found saliva comparable to blood and urine for detecting viral genetic material and antibodies, supporting patient-centric monitoring and decentralised surveillance. The authors state that standardised protocols and further validation are required for routine clinical use.
The Emergence of Saliva as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Viral Infections — Oliveira et al., Viruses
- blood
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2024
Four years after vaccination, HPV-16/18 prevalence in schoolgirls fell from 3–6% to under 0.6% for both single-dose and two-dose regimens, with single-dose effectiveness at 90.6% proving non-inferior to the two-dose schedule. This validates first-void urine sampling for community-based vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised screening programmes.
Community intervention of a single-dose or 2-dose regimen of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in schoolgirls in Thailand: vaccine effectiveness 2 years and 4 years after vaccination — Jiamsiri et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hpv
2024
In pregnant women, first-void urine collected at midgestation detected HPV in 38%, with high-risk genotypes and high viral loads associated with placental HPV infection at delivery (prevalence 3%). No increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed with placental HPV. This demonstrates urine-based HPV screening can identify placental infection risk non-invasively.
Placental human papillomavirus infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes — Værnesbranden et al., Placenta (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- genotyping
- hpv
2024
A time-resolved fluorescence assay detected HPV16-specific IgG in first-void urine with strong correlation to paired serum across four immunoassays in 225 healthy women, supporting first-void urine as a non-invasive alternative to venous blood for HPV antibody monitoring.
Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) for total IgG and HPV16-specific antibody detection in first-void urine and serum: A comparative study — Lipovac et al., Journal of virological methods
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
- hpv
2024
Self-collected urine samples matched clinician-collected cervical samples in detecting all seven CIN3 lesions among hrHPV-positive women when extended HPV typing was used, showing 82% concordance for hrHPV detection. This indicates urine self-collection could serve as a patient-centric, decentralised screening option for cervical precancer without compromising diagnostic yield.
Performance of urine samples compared to cervical samples for detection of precancer lesions among HPV-positive women attending colposcopy clinic in Mexico City — Meneses-León et al., Cancer causes & control : CCC
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected urine samples detected high-risk HPV DNA in 25.5 per cent of women and 8 per cent of men by qPCR, while oral gargle samples detected HPV in 7 per cent of women and 5 per cent of men. With good diagnostic accuracy against Pap smear, qPCR on self-collected specimens offers a viable decentralised approach to HPV screening in remote populations.
Evaluating different samples & techniques for hr-HPV DNA genotyping to improve the efficiency of risk profiling for oral & cervical cancers in Sikkim, India — Gupta et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2024
First-void urine IgG remained stable for at least 14 days at room temperature when stored with conservation medium. Amicon filtration with Melon Gel purification enriched HPV16-specific IgG that correlated strongly with serum levels, supporting non-invasive disease monitoring and vaccine impact assessment.
Stability, enrichment, and quantification of total and HPV16-specific IgG present in first-void urine — Téblick et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- serology
- hpv
2024
Fourteen of 15 under-screened women said they would be more likely to participate in cervical screening if they could self-collect samples, indicating that self-sampling could improve uptake among those who rarely or never attend screening.
Experiences and Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening Using Self-Sampling among Under-Screened Women in Flanders — Buelens et al., Healthcare
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
Adding polyethylene glycol to first-void urine before centrifugation markedly improved cell-free DNA recovery in the pellet, whereas low-speed centrifugation alone removed cellular DNA while keeping cell-free DNA in the supernatant. Pseudovirions pelleted reliably under all conditions, but the study revealed substantial variation between self-collected samples, highlighting the need for standardised protocols in decentralised HPV screening programmes.
Concentration strategies for spiked and naturally present biomarkers in non-invasively collected first-void urine — Téblick et al., European journal of medical research
- urine
- first-void
- hpv
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
Urinary HPV testing offers comparable detection to cervical samples and high patient acceptability, making it a viable noninvasive option for decentralised cervical cancer screening and vaccine surveillance. However, the absence of standardised protocols for sample collection and processing currently limits its widespread clinical adoption.
A review of urinary HPV testing for cervical cancer management and HPV vaccine surveillance: rationale, strategies, and limitations — Cheng et al., European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2024
The bivalent HPV vaccine showed 100 percent effectiveness against vaccine types 16 and 18 seven years post-vaccination in Thai schoolgirls, but only 32.8 percent effectiveness against other high-risk types, indicating limited cross-protection. The study used first-void urine self-collection for HPV DNA detection, demonstrating a scalable, non-invasive approach for vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised settings.
Effectiveness of HPV vaccine as part of national immunization program for preventing HPV infection in Thai schoolgirls after seven years post-vaccination — Nilyanimit et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- urine
- first-void
- hpv
2024
First-void urine testing detected HPV with 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and participants reported feeling comfortable with this self-collection method. This approach could improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in decentralised settings.
The Impact of Urine-Sample HPV Testing on the Effectiveness of Screening for Cervical Cancer: An Umbrella Review — Miazga et al., Cancers
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
The study found that HPV16-specific neutralizing antibodies can be reliably detected in first-void urine samples, with strong correlation to serum levels, supporting the use of this virtually painless, self-collected sample for monitoring immune response in a decentralised setting.
HPV-specific antibodies in female genital tract secretions captured via first-void urine retain their neutralizing capacity — Téblick et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
2024
Routine clinic-based cervical sampling generated 3670 g CO2e per sample, whereas vaginal self-sampling produced 423 g CO2e and first-void urine collection produced 570 g CO2e. Decentralised self-collection approaches substantially lowered emissions by eliminating primary care clinic visits.
A comparison of the carbon footprint of alternative sampling approaches for cervical screening in the UK: A descriptive study — Whittaker et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- economics
- hpv
- sti
2024
The OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing assay achieved clinical sensitivity ratios of 0.99 for urine and 1.00 for vaginal self-samples versus clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+, and after cut-off optimisation showed similar accuracy on self-collected and cervical specimens, supporting decentralised cervical screening through urine self-collection with Colli-Pee.
Clinical accuracy of OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing (QT) assay on self-samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected first-void urine using the Colli-Pee device detected high-risk HPV with 96.7 per cent concordance compared with clinician-collected cervical swabs in 240 women, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.87, indicating strong agreement and supporting urine self-collection as an acceptable approach for HPV screening.
Comparable detection of HPV using real-time PCR in paired cervical samples and concentrated first-stream urine collected with Colli-Pee device — Nilyanimit et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2024
Among 105 women with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia followed for a median 20 months, 29.3% experienced disease progression or persistence, which was significantly predicted by HPV positivity in physician- and self-collected samples. In 59 women with grade 2 disease followed for a median 12 months, half showed progression or persistence, but HPV status from physician-, self-, or urine-collected samples did not predict outcomes. Self-collection may enable decentralised risk stratification for CIN 1 surveillance.
Human papillomavirus self-sampling and urine-sampling tests and the management and short-term outcomes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective observational study — Matsuura et al., The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2024
High-risk HPV prevalence was 34.3% among HIV-positive women in Ugandan ART clinics, with non-16/18 genotypes predominating; self-collected vaginal sampling is feasible and supports integrating cervical screening into HIV care.
Prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda — Nakigozi et al., BMC cancer
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2024
Most women were confident using vaginal self-sampling kits and trusted the results, with 71 percent preferring self-sampling over clinician-collected tests for future screening. However, preferences varied by ethnicity and prior screening status, and a significant minority preferred urine-based tests, suggesting that offering choice between sampling methods will improve uptake in decentralised cervical screening programmes.
Experiences of Self-Sampling and Future Screening Preferences in Non-Attenders Who Returned an HPV Vaginal Self-Sample in the YouScreen Study: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire — Drysdale et al., Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
This literature review found that DNA methylation markers on self-collected urine or cervicovaginal swabs detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as well as cytology. The combination could improve screening uptake and reduce loss to follow-up, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, though more evidence is needed to identify the most efficacious methylation tests.
The current state of DNA methylation biomarkers in self-collected liquid biopsies for the early detection of cervical cancer: a literature review — Sumiec et al., Infectious agents and cancer
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
A systematic review of 70 studies found that 94.7% of accuracy studies reported comparable sensitivity and specificity between self-sampling and clinician collection for HPV detection, with patient acceptability ranging from 84.2% to 100% for devices including Colli-Pee. This evidence endorses decentralised cervical screening to improve uptake.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of self-sampling devices for human Papillomavirus detection: A systematic review — Aimagambetova et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
First-void urine collected with the Colli-pee device detected high-grade cervical precancer with 90.3% sensitivity, substantially better than the 73.4% sensitivity of standard-pot urine, and was acceptable to colposcopy attendees. The device achieved 92% relative sensitivity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, showing promise for decentralised HPV screening.
Urine high-risk human papillomavirus testing as an alternative to routine cervical screening: A comparative diagnostic accuracy study of two urine collection devices using a randomised study design trial — Davies et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2023
Over three years after HPV vaccination in 58 women, HPV-specific IgG was detected in 84% to 100% of first-void urine samples against 98% to 100% of serum samples, and the two correlated strongly; the authors support self-collected urine for follow-up of vaccine-induced immunity, with the caveat that only women were studied.
Follow-up of humoral immune response after HPV vaccination using first-void urine: A longitudinal cohort study — Téblick et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- dct
- colli-pee
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
- urine
2023
The study found that the Oragene OG-600 receptacle provided the highest concentration of salivary DNA, including short fragments suitable for analysis, and successfully detected HPV DNA from patient saliva. This matters for decentralised sampling as it supports the use of a standardised, self-collection device for non-invasive cancer biomarker detection.
Isolation of salivary cell-free DNA for cancer detection — Brooks et al., PloS one
- dna-genotek-oragene
- hpv
- liquid-biopsy
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2023
Self-collected first-void urine showed substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection in 54 women with confirmed cervical precancer or cancer, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.70 and 86 per cent overall agreement, supporting urine self-sampling as a potential alternative for cervical cancer screening where pelvic examination is not feasible or acceptable.
Study to Determine Concordance between High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus DNA Detection in Self Collected First Voided Urine Samples and Health-Care Worker Collected Cervical Samples in a Subset of Women with Proven Histopathological Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions of the Cervix — Purwar et al., Journal of mid-life health
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2023
Urine sampling with the Colli-Pee device revealed a substantial burden of high-risk HPV infection among unvaccinated Thai schoolgirls, with prevalence increasing from 8.6% in grade 10 to 12.4% in grade 12, demonstrating the feasibility of decentralised screening to guide immunisation policy.
Prevalence of HPV infection among Thai schoolgirls in the north-eastern provinces in 2018: implications for HPV immunization policy — Vongpunsawad et al., IJID regions
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- serology
- hpv
2023
First-void urine tested on the GeneXpert platform detected high-risk HPV DNA with 84.8 per cent sensitivity and 92.3 per cent specificity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, with substantial agreement (kappa 0.77) and high patient acceptability among 100 HIV-positive women in Zambia, suggesting that decentralised urine self-sampling with an EDTA preservative could widen cervical cancer screening coverage where invasive methods deter uptake.
Utilizing first void urine for high-risk HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in HIV-positive women in Katete, Zambia — Kaoma et al., BMC women's health
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2023
Healthcare professionals in underserved French regions viewed home-based HPV self-sampling as a viable solution to low screening coverage, trusting vaginal sampling while accepting urine as an alternative for women with conditions such as vaginismus. They identified kit design flaws, instruction complexity, and patient anatomical knowledge gaps as implementation barriers requiring attention in decentralised screening programmes.
Acceptability to Healthcare Professionals of Home-Based HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Screening: A French Qualitative Study Conducted in an Area with Low Access to Health Services — Le Goff et al., Cancers
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2023
In patients with abnormal Pap smears, HPV testing on random urine achieved about 60% sensitivity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples after adjusting the detection cutoff, and about 50% sensitivity for CIN2+; urine-based HPV testing requires further development to match the performance of clinician-collected samples.
Can HPV Test on Random Urine Replace Self-HPV Test on Vaginal Self-Samples or Clinician-Collected Cervical Samples? — Shih et al., International journal of women's health
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2023
This pilot study of women with HPV-positive cervical swabs found urine samples detected high-risk HPV genotypes in 94% (16/17) of cases, achieving 98.8% diagnostic accuracy compared with self-collected cervical swabs. The strong agreement suggests urine testing could support decentralised cervical cancer screening, though larger studies are needed.
Comparison of Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection in Paired Urine and Self-Collected Cervical Swabs: A Pilot Study — Patel et al., Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2023
First-void urine identified merely 15.8% of HPV types in circumcised men with genital warts, the lowest detection rate of six sampling methods. Combining wart biopsy with swabs from four genital anatomical sites achieved 98.9% detection, demonstrating that multi-site collection is necessary for accurate decentralised HPV screening in this population.
Evaluation of the optimal sampling approach for HPV genotyping in circumcised heterosexual men with genital warts — Sarier et al., Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2023
The Xpert HPV assay showed similar sensitivity for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse on vaginal self-collected samples compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, but clinical specificity was lower when self-samples were collected with the Qvintip device.
Comparison of the Clinical Accuracy of Xpert HPV Assay on Vaginal Self-Samples and Cervical Clinician-Taken Samples within the VALHUDES Framework — Latsuzbaia et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
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