The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
24 papers labelled “wearable”, newest first.
2026
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
Integrating Microsampling in Human Biomonitoring: Methodologies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Case Study Insights — Rajamani & Poongavanam, Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- wearable
- acceptability
- multimodal
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- standards
- dried
- serology
- colorectal
- pediatric
- stool
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2026
Menstrual blood offers a noninvasive, patient-centric matrix for detecting endometriosis, cervical cancer, and hormonal disorders through self-collected samples. Wearable in-pad biosensors enabling real-time monitoring and long-term tracking could transform fertility evaluation and early disease detection, though standardisation and large-scale validation remain critical gaps.
Beyond waste: menstrual blood as a powerful diagnostic tool for women's health — Shafiq et al., Annals of medicine and surgery
- blood
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- wearable
- multimodal
2026
A fully remote decentralised clinical trial in Danish adults with type 2 diabetes demonstrated operational feasibility with rapid recruitment, high retention (87 percent), and excellent adherence to continuous glucose monitoring (95 percent achieving ≥70 percent data coverage) and telemedicine visits (97 percent). Activity tracker adherence was poor (12 percent) due to technical issues, but remote safety monitoring was effective with no unexpected adverse events, supporting the viability of remote diabetes management.
Operational and Clinical Insights from a Fully Decentralized Clinical Study Evaluating Protocol Adherence, Participant Satisfaction, and Connected Device Data in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes on Different Treatment Regimens — Nørgaard et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- cgm
- actigraphy
2026
A proof-of-concept decentralised trial generated 169 support tickets over 17 months from 90% of sites, with device-related problems accounting for 46% of requests. Most issues were resolved within three days and required two to six exchanges, demonstrating that robust technical support infrastructure is essential for successful remote monitoring and wearable-based trial conduct.
Toward Effective Technology Support in DCTs: Insights from the Trials@Home Proof-of-Concept Trial RADIAL — Weitlaner et al., Journal of medical systems
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
2026
A hybrid decentralised clinical trial using wearable dosing-monitoring and remote adverse-event reporting in healthy adults achieved 100% adherence with only 2% missing data, maintained adverse-event detection sensitivity, and was rated less burdensome than conventional on-site visits. These findings support the feasibility and reliability of participant-centric remote monitoring in early-phase pharmacokinetic studies.
Pioneering a Hybrid Decentralized Clinical Trial in South Korea: Assessing Feasibility, Data Integrity, and Participant Perceptions — Kim et al., Clinical and translational science
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
2026
A direct-to-participant, multichannel recruitment strategy enrolled 34,244 older adults into a virtual trial testing an Apple Watch based heart health programme with electrocardiogram and irregular rhythm notification features, achieving broad geographic and gender diversity but under-representing non-White ethnic groups.
Direct-to-Participant Enrollment in a Virtual Trial: Lessons Learned From the Heartline Study — Hills et al., JACC. Advances
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2026
In adults with type 1 diabetes, Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3 showed high accuracy during physical activity, whereas the Simplera system was less accurate; this matters for selecting devices in decentralised monitoring.
Performance of three simultaneously used rtCGM systems around a physically active weekend camp in adults with type 1 diabetes: A prospective lab and real-world study — Sanfilippo et al., Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
- blood
- capillary
- wearable
- cgm
- multimodal
2025
This study found that a decentralised approach using home-based sleep apnoea screening, heart rhythm monitoring and activity tracking in patients with atrial fibrillation is feasible, with high data completeness and low drop-out rates. The results support the use of patient-centric digital tools in decentralised trials for chronic cardiac conditions.
Feasibility of a decentralised trial of sleep apnoea screening in patients with atrial fibrillation — Hashiba et al., Danish medical journal (paywalled)
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
- actigraphy
2025
In a Phase 1 crossover study of etrasimod, self-collected blood microsamples yielded pharmacokinetic exposures comparable to conventional venous sampling, both with and without participant practice sessions. Continuous wearable sensors concurrently enabled real-time remote monitoring of safety vital signs and electrocardiograms, demonstrating the viability of hybrid decentralised designs in early-phase clinical trials.
Advancing Early Clinical Trials: The Transformative Potential of Decentralized Designs and Digital Technologies in Phase 1 Clinical Trial — Malhotra et al., Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
- blood
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
- multimodal
2025
A large decentralised trial investigating a wearable device for COVID-19 detection retained 80.4% of participants at six months and 68.5% until completion. Multivariable analysis identified vaccinated pensioners as a high-risk discontinuation group, and targeted telephone calls reduced their dropout rate to 11.4%, showing that personalised retention strategies can improve engagement in remote diagnostic studies.
Increasing Retention in a Large-Scale Decentralized Clinical Trial: Learnings From the COVID-RED Trial — Zwiers et al., Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
2025
In 50 cancer patients monitored at home with an Apple Watch for 28 days, a method that classified missing step data by gap duration and context produced the most reliable daily step estimates. Daily step counts on days with at least ten hours of wear time predicted time to first clinical event (p=0.068) and identified participants at lower hazard of mortality, with 83.3% accuracy for clinical event prediction, demonstrating that processed consumer wearable data can support remote monitoring in decentralised oncology trials.
Analysis Method of Real-World Digital Biomarkers for Clinical Impact in Cancer Patients — Oakley-Girvan et al., Digital biomarkers
- oncology
- dct
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
- actigraphy
2025
In this decentralised trial of 899 adults with asthma, participants using a digital self-management programme with wearable device integration showed a 4.6-point gain on the Asthma Control Test at 12 months relative to usual care. This provides evidence that remote digital interventions can achieve clinically significant improvements in asthma control without in-person visits.
A Digital Asthma Self-Management Program for Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial — Silberman et al., JAMA network open
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2025
Across perinatal care, wearable sensors and home-monitoring platforms support timely intervention, with remote monitoring linked to a 7 to 11 percent reduction in maternal mortality and preeclampsia incidence. In neonatal care, predictive digital monitoring such as the Heart Rate Observation system reduced mortality in very low-birth-weight infants by approximately 20 percent.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Perinatal Care Pathways: A Scoping Review of Reviews of Applications, Outcomes, and Equity — El Arab et al., Nursing reports
- fertility
- wearable
- rpm
2024
In a 14-day study of youth with neurodevelopmental conditions and chronic pain, multimodal in-home monitoring achieved good accelerometer wear compliance (77% wore devices for at least 7 days) and moderate survey engagement, but adherence to salivary cortisol sampling was low at 28% after excluding protocol violations and dry swabs. Families reported high overall satisfaction and willingness to participate again, highlighting that remote sampling protocols in pediatric populations require iterative tailoring to improve biospecimen collection adherence.
The Living Lab at Home: Feasibility and Acceptability of Multimodal In-Home Data Collection Among Youth Across the Developmental Spectrum — Boerner et al., Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- cortisol
- wearable
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2024
The survey of 80 clinical research stakeholders in India highlights the growing adoption of remote data capture, wearables, and digital biomarkers in decentralized clinical trials, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, while also identifying key challenges that need to be addressed for wider implementation.
The role of remote data capture, wearables, and digital biomarkers in decentralized clinical trials — Chodankar et al., Perspectives in clinical research
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2023
In this observational study of 14 female students, greater total daily energy expenditure and a later midpoint of sleep were associated with lower severity of several menstruation-related symptoms during the menstrual and luteal phases. These findings suggest that lifestyle factors such as physical activity and sleep timing may inform non-pharmacological management of menstrual symptoms, though larger studies are needed to confirm clinical utility.
Menstruation-related symptoms are associated with physical activity and midpoint of sleep: a pilot study — Masuda & Okada, Frontiers in global women's health
- fertility
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
- actigraphy
2023
The study found that smartwatch-based adherence monitoring showed consistent concordance over time and may be more reliable than app or pill count methods in measuring treatment adherence in a decentralised setting. This supports the use of wearable devices as objective tools in patient-centric monitoring for decentralised clinical trials.
Exploration of smart adherence-monitoring methods in vitamin D-deficient patients: A pilot feasibility clinical study — Huh et al., Clinical and translational science
- blood
- dct
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
- multimodal
2023
Decentralised monitoring of people with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring and a hybrid smartwatch was feasible, with high participant retention and successful collection of glucose, heart rate, activity, sleep and GPS data via a study app.
Exploring Decentralized Glucose and Behaviometric Monitoring of Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in the Setting of a Clinical Trial — Ali et al., Journal of diabetes science and technology (paywalled)
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- cgm
- digital-biomarker
- actigraphy
2023
A wireless, battery-free pathogenic infection diagnosis system achieved 100% accuracy for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and 92% accuracy for evaluating symptom severity in 42 participants using blow and breath samples within 110 s and 350 s respectively, offering rapid decentralised diagnostics for respiratory infections.
Wireless, battery-free, multifunctional integrated bioelectronics for respiratory pathogens monitoring and severity evaluation — Li et al., Nature communications
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
2022
An end-to-end remote digital protocol using the Current Health wearable and platform achieved rapid deployment and moderate adherence, capturing continuous pulse rate, respiratory rate, SpO2, skin temperature and step count alongside tablet-administered symptom surveys; vital signs remained within normal ranges and symptoms decreased over the 30-day period, demonstrating feasibility and clinical-grade signal quality for decentralised monitoring.
Deployment of an End-to-End Remote, Digitalized Clinical Study Protocol in COVID-19: Process Evaluation — Zahradka et al., JMIR formative research
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2022
A six-month, fully decentralised trial in 100 atrial fibrillation patients using remote blood pressure and six-lead ECG sensors achieved 99% completion for device measurements and 91% for televisits, with oral anticoagulation adherence remaining stable at 96–97%. Rapid recruitment via social media (94 participants in 12 days) demonstrates that remote monitoring can sustain high engagement without clinic visits, supporting pandemic-proof trial designs.
Pandemic-proof recruitment and engagement in a fully decentralized trial in atrial fibrillation patients (DeTAP) — Sarraju et al., NPJ digital medicine
- dct
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2022
Decentralised trial designs using digital tools such as wearables and electronic assessments can reduce patient burden and improve inclusion and data quality in rare disease studies by enabling measurements in real-world settings. This matters for decentralised diagnostics as it supports more accessible, patient-centric research with environmentally valid endpoints.
What role can decentralized trial designs play to improve rare disease studies? — Moore et al., Orphanet journal of rare diseases
- dct
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
2021
The authors built a home-use ovulation detector that measures basal body temperature and cervical mucus pH, validated it in twenty women, and reported satisfactory performance for identifying fertility windows to aid both contraception and conception. This supports decentralised, patient-managed fertility monitoring integrated with smartphone e-health platforms.
Development of a Permanent Device for Fertility Period Detection by Basal Body Temperature and Analysis of the Cervical Mucus Potential of Hydrogen — Mansouri, Journal of medical signals and sensors
- fertility
- wearable
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
2021
A non-invasive opto-mechanical system using photoplethysmography in finger and toe cuffs can measure capillary blood pressure and distinguish between healthy subjects and those with peripheral arterial disease, varicose veins or heart failure. This could enable early detection of venous congestion before overt oedema develops, supporting point-of-care management of cardiovascular conditions.
Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Pressure Measurement Enabling Early Detection and Classification of Venous Congestion — Liu et al., IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics (paywalled)
- wearable
- digital-biomarker
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