The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
19 papers labelled “qdbs”, newest first.
2026
At-home volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for anti-seizure medicines was feasible and reliable, with strong correlations to clinic VAMS and low bias for lacosamide, lamotrigine and levetiracetam; quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) was a reliable alternative in the ambulatory setting, though older age reduced sampling quality.
Real-world evaluation of capillary microsampling for drug monitoring of anti-seizure medications — Cancellerini et al., Epilepsia (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
2026
The study found that quantitative dried blood spot sampling provided high clinical agreement for tacrolimus and creatinine monitoring, with patients rating the self-collection devices as user-friendly. These results support the feasibility of decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for immunosuppressants.
Patient-centric capillary dried blood spot sampling for tacrolimus and creatinine monitoring in clinical practice — De Baets et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- qdbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2026
This study validated a method for monitoring mycophenolic acid in paediatric patients, demonstrating that quantitative dried plasma spots achieved close agreement with venous plasma. Quantitative dried blood spots showed significant haematocrit-related bias, making the plasma-based format more suitable for decentralised monitoring.
Matrix fidelity in microsampling: Plasma-first LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and MPAG — Kocur et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
The study validated a method for measuring cystic fibrosis drugs in dried blood spots, showing statistical equivalence to plasma concentrations, which supports their use as a less invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring. It also found higher drug levels in nasal swabs, indicating localised accumulation at the disease site, which could inform more personalised treatment.
Development and application of a multimatrix LC-MS/MS method for quantifying elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: Expanding therapeutic drug monitoring in cystic fibrosis from systemic circulation to airways and sweat — Mucci et al., Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- pediatric
- validation
2025
A quantitative dried blood spot method using only 10 µL of blood successfully quantified six azole antimycotics and showed samples were stable under conditions simulating postal mailing. A formula to convert dried spot results to plasma values was derived, though the authors note this is an in vitro validation and clinical studies are required for translation to patient care.
Simultaneous Quantification of Azole Antimycotics in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots: A Step Toward Home Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Li et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
The study compared quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices for measuring ganciclovir levels in capillary blood from pediatric renal transplant recipients. This comparison provides evidence for choosing between microsampling devices in therapeutic drug monitoring, supporting decentralised sampling approaches that reduce patient burden while maintaining analytical accuracy.
The comparison of two volumetric microsampling devices (qDBS and VAMS) for determining ganciclovir levels in capillary blood using the LC-MS/MS technique in pediatric renal transplant recipients — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2025
A UHPLC-MS/MS assay using the Capitainer-qDBS device successfully quantified five antiseizure medications, showing robust 30-day stability at room temperature and no haematocrit effect between 20-70%. Although the clinical cohort was small, comparison with plasma in 30 patients showed good correlation, supporting the potential of this patient-centric microsampling method for decentralised home monitoring.
Quantitative dried blood spot microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of -antiseizure medications by design of experiment and UHPLC-MS/MS — Cancellerini et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2025
A validated LC-MS/MS method for everolimus using Mitra and Capitainer devices found excellent agreement between capillary microsamples and venous whole blood in 33 adult transplant recipients. The results showed high accuracy and negligible haematocrit effects, supporting the use of microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Quantitative Dried Blood Spot Methods with LC-MS/MS in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Analytical and Clinical Comparative Study — Kocur et al., Molecules
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
Microsampling, particularly VAMS and quantitative DBS, can enable patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants after transplantation, allowing home self-sampling and long-term monitoring when patients live far from transplant centres. These volumetric dried formats have largely overcome the haematocrit effect and sample heterogeneity that limit conventional dried blood spots.
Microsampling techniques and patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants — Kocur & Pawiński, Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
2025
In an untargeted metabolomics study, microsampling devices, particularly the Mitra and Capitainer, yielded metabolic profiles comparable or superior to plasma in feature number and intensity, and in the precision and stability of some metabolites. This supports their potential for large-scale, decentralised metabolic profiling, though the captured metabolite profile was application-dependent.
LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling — Thaitumu et al., Metabolites
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
This study validated a method combining quantitative dried blood spots with DNA methylation analysis to monitor B-cell counts remotely, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity for a specific clinical threshold. This decentralised approach facilitates patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring for anti-CD20 therapies by overcoming the logistical barriers of regular venous sampling.
Home-sampling of B cells using quantitative dried blood spots to enable tailored therapeutic re-dosing of anti-CD20 therapies — Tallantyre et al., Multiple sclerosis (paywalled)
- biologics
- multimodal
- blood
- rpm
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2024
An analytical method using Capitainer B devices collecting 10 microlitres of capillary blood was successfully validated for the quantitative determination of 25 PFAS using UHPLC-MS/MS. The method demonstrated high recovery above 80% and met precision and accuracy criteria across the validated range of 2 to 100 ng/mL.
Development and validation of the UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of 25 PFAS in dried blood spots — Galletto et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- qdbs
- validation
- toxicology
2024
This pilot study of 15 subjects demonstrated that dried fecal spots on quantitative DBS devices yielded bile acid profiles equivalent to frozen samples after four months of ambient storage and shipping. This validates a decentralised stool microsampling method that could enable patient home testing and expand screening in rural or resource-limited settings.
Repurposing dried blood spot device technology to examine bile acid profiles in human dried fecal spot samples — Engevik et al., American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology (paywalled)
- stool
- dried
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- metabolome
2023
A study of 37 kidney transplant recipients found Capitainer and Mitra microsampling feasible for decentralised monitoring. Capitainer showed consistent sampling success, 92%-96%, and higher analytical accuracy than Mitra, 52%-88% success. Proportions within ±15% of venous reference for creatinine and haemoglobin were 92%-100% and 93%-100% for Capitainer, versus 79%-96% and 67%-92% for Mitra, despite small cohorts.
Clinical performance of volumetric finger-prick sampling for the monitoring of tacrolimus, creatinine and haemoglobin in kidney transplant recipients — Vethe et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- qdbs
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2023
The authors validated a UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying four ceramide species in 10 μL quantitative dried blood spots. Ceramides remained stable at room temperature, supporting remote self-collection, and concentrations were higher in fingertip whole blood than in plasma or serum, which is relevant for at-home monitoring of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk.
Ceramides biomarkers determination in quantitative dried blood spots by UHPLC-MS/MS — Meikopoulos et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- qdbs
- validation
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2023
The study developed and validated a UHPLC-MS/MS method to measure eight antibiotics in quantitative dried blood spots collected from neonates using a capillary microsampling device. This patient-centric approach enables robust pharmacokinetic monitoring in children where blood volume is limited, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
A Validated UHPLC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Eight Antibiotics in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots in Support of Pharmacokinetic Studies in Neonates — Liu et al., Antibiotics
- blood
- dried
- qdbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2023
Deprez et al. validated LC‑MS/MS methods for four immunosuppressants and creatinine from a single 10 μL quantitative dried blood spot. With biases under 10 % and CVs below 8 %, the approach enables accurate patient‑centric therapeutic drug monitoring from capillary blood at home, mitigating the haematocrit effect through volumetric collection.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants and creatinine from a single dried blood spot using the Capitainer® qDBS device — Deprez et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- qdbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2021
A quantitative dried blood spot device (Capitainer qDBS) combined with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay tracked anti-spike antibody development after two doses of the Pfizer vaccine, with the second dose producing a roughly hundredfold stimulation that peaked at two weeks and fell to 65 percent by three months. The bias between plasma and DBS was variable across both a 14-volunteer vaccination cohort and a 200-patient clinical cohort, yet DBS proved sufficiently sensitive for prolonged immune-status monitoring without venous draws.
Use of Quantitative Dried Blood Spots to Evaluate the Post-Vaccination Level of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 — Marchand et al., Life
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2015
The foundational quantitative-DBS work: a microfluidic layer meters a controlled 5–10 µL onto a standard card in seconds, targeting the haematocrit problem at source.
New microfluidic-based sampling procedure for overcoming the hematocrit problem associated with dried blood spot analysis — Leuthold et al., Analytical Chemistry (paywalled)
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
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