The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 601–700 of 757 labelled “validation”, newest first.
2020
Capiau et al. developed and validated a VAMS method for cobalt quantitation in whole blood from metal-on-metal prosthesis patients. The method proved accurate (bias ≤4%) and precise (RSD ≤5%), was unaffected by haematocrit, and showed a 0.99 correlation to liquid venous samples; 87% of results satisfied Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia criteria, enabling home-based monitoring of implant wear.
Development, validation and application of an inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry method to determine cobalt in metal-on-metal prosthesis patients using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Capiau et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2020
Saliva presents a viable diagnostic alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR. Its use facilitates patient self-collection, minimises healthcare worker exposure, and offers a cost-effective approach for widespread testing.
Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic Specimen for COVID-19 Testing — Harikrishnan, The Journal of craniofacial surgery (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2020
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provides accurate quantification of 16 anti-epileptic drugs within two days of collection, showing less than ten percent deviation from conventional serum sampling and no haematocrit effect across the clinical range. This supports home-based therapeutic drug monitoring for epilepsy patients, though temperature-sensitive drugs require careful storage.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs - a clinical verification of volumetric absorptive micro sampling — Canisius et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- haematocrit
2020
A VAMS method for 14 antidepressants, antipsychotics and active metabolites was validated on HPLC-MS and conversion factors from capillary blood to plasma were derived from 49 patient samples using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analysis, enabling routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
Validation and clinical application of a volumetric absorptive microsampling method for 14 psychiatric drugs — Stern et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2020
The study developed and validated a LC-HRMS method for intact IGF-I from VAMS dried blood according to World Anti-Doping Agency requirements and showed agreement with serum measurements, supporting decentralised sampling for antidoping testing.
Use of capillary dried blood for quantification of intact IGF-I by LC-HRMS for antidoping analysis — Mongongu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- doping
2020
The study found that pooling self-collected urine, pharyngeal and rectal specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing on GeneXpert near the point of care reduced sensitivity to around 90 per cent compared with individual specimen testing, missing nine infections across 388 participants, but pooling remained feasible and could save time and cost when screening at-risk populations.
Reduced sensitivity from pooled urine, pharyngeal and rectal specimens when using a molecular assay for the detection of chlamydia and gonorrhoea near the point of care — Badman et al., Sexual health (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2020
A multiplex LC-MS/MS method for dried plasma spots was fully validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity and sensitivity across seven antipsychotics, with limits of quantification ranging from 0.12 to 5.70 µg/L; this enables convenient therapeutic drug monitoring from a simple dried sample.
Multiplexed therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics in dried plasma spots by LC-MS/MS — Ruggiero et al., Journal of separation science (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- validation
- tdm
2020
Capillary blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated non-significant differences in cannabidiol concentrations compared to venous blood and plasma in pediatric patients treated with Epidiolex. The method requires 30 µL of sample, achieves linear quantification between 1 and 800 µg/L, and ensures analyte stability on VAMS devices for up to four weeks at room temperature.
Cannabidiol Determination on Peripheral Capillary Blood Using a Microsampling Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with On-Line Sample Preparation — Pigliasco et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
In 401 COVID-19 patients, self-collected oropharyngeal and mid-turbinate swabs detected 75.1% of infections and saliva detected 74.3%, both inferior to the 82.8% sensitivity of healthcare worker-collected swabs. However, combining both self-collected samples yielded 86.5% sensitivity with 100% specificity, indicating self-collection can be a useful tool for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 screening despite lower individual test sensitivity.
The accuracy of healthcare worker versus self collected (2-in-1) Oropharyngeal and Bilateral Mid-Turbinate (OPMT) swabs and saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 — Tan et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2020
The Mitra microsampling device showed high clinical concordance with venous blood for tacrolimus (89%) and cyclosporin A (98%) monitoring, with inter- and intra-precision within 11.5% CV and samples stable for up to 7 days at room temperature. Transplant patients preferred collecting capillary samples at home for their immunosuppressant monitoring, supporting decentralised TDM.
Volumetric Microsampling of Capillary Blood Spot vs Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A: Accuracy and Patient Satisfaction — Mbughuni et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2020
The authors validated an automated DNA extraction method for stool microbiome analysis and found that seven stabilising solutions, including OMNIgene•GUT, RNAlater and AquaStool, preserved microbiome composition as well as snap-freezing. OMNIgene•GUT maintained sample integrity for two years at -80°C. This supports decentralised stool collection for microbiome studies by enabling ambient stabilisation and delayed laboratory processing.
Method Validation for Extraction of DNA from Human Stool Samples for Downstream Microbiome Analysis — Neuberger-Castillo et al., Biopreservation and biobanking (paywalled)
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- microbiome
2020
The authors developed two simple methods to calculate haematocrit from VAMS samples using potassium content, one with aqueous extraction and one with organic extraction, both designed to integrate with existing VAMS assays so that whole-blood results can be converted to serum or plasma values and compared with therapeutic intervals.
Hematocrit prediction in volumetric absorptive microsamples — Capiau & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2020
The study validated a VAMS-based bioanalytical method using the Tasso OnDemand device for the drug gefapixant and demonstrated a mathematical bridging relationship with standard plasma assays, supporting its use in decentralised clinical trials.
Clinical application of volumetric absorptive microsampling to the gefapixant development program — Roadcap et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2020
This review highlights how low-volume, minimally invasive microsampling of matrices such as dried capillary blood, interstitial fluid and saliva can enable untargeted metabolomics and longitudinal exposome studies in children, with the potential for home self-collection to improve convenience and parental support.
Minimally Invasive Biospecimen Collection for Exposome Research in Children's Health — Petrick et al., Current environmental health reports (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- interstitial-fluid
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- metabolome
2020
Dried blood spot sampling using HemaSpot or Whatman903 cards demonstrated high analytical sensitivity for hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody and hepatitis C antibody when compared with serum, with ratios ranging from 17.6:1 to 38.9:1. HemaSpot achieved 92.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HBsAg detection, maintained 80% detection efficacy after one month of storage, and showed no significant degradation after two weeks at ambient temperature, confirming its suitability for decentralised hepatitis screening in resource-limited settings.
Evaluation of the efficiency of dried blood spot-based measurement of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus seromarkers — Yamamoto et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
Pooled testing of pharyngeal, anorectal and urine samples detected most Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in men who have sex with men, missing only one chlamydia-positive urine specimen, and yielded less PCR inhibition than single-site testing. Two self-collected anorectal swabs were inadequately sampled, indicating that pooling can streamline decentralised STI screening but self-collection quality must be assured.
Take three, test one: a cross-sectional study to evaluate the molecular detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in pooled pharyngeal, anorectal and urine samples versus single-site testing among men who have sex with men in Belgium — De Baetselier et al., Acta clinica Belgica (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2020
The review evaluates microsampling techniques including dried matrix spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling and capillary microsampling for SARS-CoV-2 bioanalytical applications, outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages to guide researchers and clinicians in pandemic-related diagnostics.
Quantitative microsampling for bioanalytical applications related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Usefulness, benefits and pitfalls — Protti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
2020
Dried urine spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling methods were validated for quantifying six corticosteroids in 30 μl urine, showing good linearity, extraction yields exceeding 81 percent, and precision within 15 percent relative standard deviation. Analytes remained stable for seven days at room temperature, indicating urine microsampling is viable for remote antidoping control and could support decentralised steroid monitoring.
Microsampling and LC-MS/MS for antidoping testing of glucocorticoids in urine — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- validation
- hormones
- steroids
- doping
- toxicology
2020
A GC-MS/MS method for anabolic steroids in VAMS dried blood from finger pricking demonstrated good precision, accuracy and stability, with results agreeing with serum specimens. In a testosterone gel administration trial, dried blood total testosterone identified transdermal micro-dosing, with concentrations rising up to ten times baseline at nine hours post-application, supporting decentralised doping screening.
Determination of anabolic steroids in dried blood using microsampling and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a testosterone gel administration study — Chang et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- hormones
- doping
2020
Capillary microsampling using the Neoteryx Mitra device predicted tacrolimus AUC with high accuracy and precision compared with venous sampling in renal transplant recipients, with 85% of estimates within ±11.9% error. Patients could self-sample accurately at home, enabling patient-centred therapeutic drug monitoring without extended hospital stays.
Tacrolimus Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve Monitoring, Using Home-Based Volumetric Absorptive Capillary Microsampling — Gustavsen et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2020
The study developed and validated a VAMS-based method for measuring cefepime in small volumes of paediatric blood with high accuracy and precision, enabling less invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in children. This advances decentralised, patient-centric sampling by allowing reliable pharmacokinetic studies without repeated venous draws.
Development and validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling- liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the analysis of cefepime in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
The review highlights that volumetric absorptive microsampling enables easy, minimally invasive home sampling with room temperature storage and fixed volume accuracy, making it a viable alternative for clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a Sampling Alternative in Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review — Harahap et al., Drug design, development and therapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- dct
- haematocrit
2020
HbA1c measured from self-collected HemaSpot dried blood spots showed strong linear agreement with venous blood and was stable over time. With high patient acceptance, this supports remote diabetes monitoring for people in decentralised care models.
HbA<sub>1c</sub> determination from HemaSpot™ blood collection devices: comparison of home prepared dried blood spots with standard venous blood analysis — Hall et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2020
The study validated a VAMS method for cocaine and metabolites in blood and plasma, achieving good extraction yield, precision and accuracy with analyte stability exceeding two months at room temperature. Results from VAMS correlated well with conventional fluid samples, supporting its use for decentralised forensic and toxicological monitoring without venepuncture or cold chain.
Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption — Mandrioli et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2019
A clinical validation showing dried blood samples can support infliximab concentration monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
Dried blood samples can support monitoring of infliximab concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical validation — Berends et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- venous-agreement
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2019
Imaging shows analytes distribute non-uniformly within a single spot, one central, one peripheral, so where a sub-punch is taken can change the answer.
Analysis of the heterogeneous distribution of amiloride and propranolol in dried blood spot by UHPLC-FLD and MALDI-imaging — Uribe et al., Molecules
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2019
The consensus guideline defining the analytical- and clinical-validation requirements for dried-blood TDM: the standardisation reference for implementing a dried assay clinically.
Official IATDMCT Guideline: Development and Validation of Dried Blood Spot-Based Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Capiau et al., Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- standards
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2019
This study found that dried urine metabolite patterns followed serum concentrations. It shows excellent agreement for the 4-spot method versus 24-hour collections and dried versus liquid urine, with intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.95.
Evaluating urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites using dried filter-paper samples and GC-MS/MS — Newman et al., BMC Chemistry
- dried
- steroids
- fertility
- hormones
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2019
Stool stabilised in OMNIgene·GUT then frozen produced 16S and shotgun profiles statistically indistinguishable from fresh-frozen aliquots, supporting stabilised collection where freezing is impractical.
Gut microbiome comparability of fresh-frozen versus stabilised-frozen samples by 16S and shotgun metagenomics — Ilett et al., Scientific Reports
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- microbiome
- metagenomics
- validation
2019
This study compared four stool collection methods for infant gut microbiome analysis via post and found that the OMNIgene•GUT kit showed the closest agreement with the frozen standard compared to swabs or plain tubes. The findings suggest that stabilised collection offers a viable decentralised solution for parents to sample infant stool at home with minimal DNA degradation.
Gut microbiome analysis by post: Evaluation of the optimal method to collect stool samples from infants within a national cohort study — Williams et al., PloS one
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- microbiome
2019
In women with HPV, first-void urine collected with the Colli-Pee device had higher HPV DNA concentrations than urine collected with a standard cup, although this advantage disappeared at high HPV DNA loads. Timing of collection (morning versus later) did not affect HPV DNA copies.
Human papillomavirus detection in urine: Effect of a first-void urine collection device and timing of collection — Pattyn et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2019
Volumetric absorptive capillary microsampling gave reliable tacrolimus measurements throughout the dose interval in renal transplant recipients, with mean biases of -3.1% for mailed samples and -4.2% for direct delivery versus venous blood. Dried microsamples remained stable for one month at ambient temperature, enabling home-based therapeutic drug monitoring with postal shipment.
Tacrolimus Can Be Reliably Measured With Volumetric Absorptive Capillary Microsampling Throughout the Dose Interval in Renal Transplant Recipients — Vethe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
Capillary citrate specimens from finger-stick correlated strongly with laboratory INR (r=0.97) and showed equivalence to venous sampling, with 89% of results within 0.5 INR units of agreement. This method avoids venepuncture trauma in paediatric patients while maintaining diagnostic accuracy for anticoagulation monitoring.
Use of a capillary specimen in the laboratory to verify a point-of-care international normalized ratio: Avoidance of a venipuncture in a pediatric setting — Williams, International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2019
This study shows wide variation across existing CT load quantification methods and demonstrates that normalising CT load to human cell load is inappropriate because molecular techniques cannot exclude inflammatory cells, supporting the need for standardisation in decentralised STI diagnostics.
Standardisation is necessary in urogenital and extragenital <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> bacterial load determination by quantitative PCR: a review of literature and retrospective study — Dirks et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2019
Noviplex dried plasma spot cards yielded neurofilament light chain measurements equivalent to standard plasma in healthy controls and ALS patients, while dried blood spot eluates gave different absolute values but still discriminated between the two groups. The results support remote dried blood microsampling as a practical alternative to venous sampling for neurodegeneration biomarkers in ALS.
Theme 7 Pre-clinical therapeutic strategies — Lombardi et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2019
Dried blood spot viral load quantification using the Biocentric method correlated with plasma testing (r=0.67–0.82) and delivered comparable diagnostic accuracy at the 1000 copies/mL threshold across three collection methods. This validates patient-centric microsampling for decentralised HIV monitoring in resource-limited settings.
Field Suitability and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biocentric Open Real-Time PCR Platform for Dried Blood Spot-Based HIV Viral Load Quantification in Eswatini — Kerschberger et al., Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2019
A systematic review of dried blood spot sampling for tacrolimus monitoring across adult and paediatric organ transplant recipients demonstrated that reported analytical bias compared with venous sampling fell within acceptable limits across the majority of studies. This supports dried blood microsampling as an accurate approach for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Predictability of Capillary Blood Spot Toward Venous Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients — Gallant et al., European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
Isoelectric focusing from dried blood spot and capillary samples yields results identical to serum for transferrin glycosylation, with stable storage at -20 degrees Celsius for more than six months, enabling reliable diagnosis and therapy control of congenital disorders of glycosylation and supporting home self-collection for follow-up.
Transferrin glycosylation analysis from dried blood spot cards and capillary blood samples — Wolking et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2019
Treating first-void urine with Aptima Transfer Solution increased HPV mRNA positivity from about 21-28% to 34-46%, with good overall agreement (81.1%, kappa 0.63) compared with cervical samples; however, cervical specimens detected more HPV in women with abnormal cytology or histopathology, indicating that urine may be less sensitive in this subgroup.
Treatment of first-void urine with Aptima Transfer Solution increases detection of high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA — Arias et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2019
The assay quantifies salivary progesterone with a 5.5 min run time, LLOQ 20 pmol/L, CV and bias <11%, and mean recovery 91%, and it was applied to profile progesterone across the menstrual cycle and during the luteal phase in women, enabling high-throughput, home-based hormone monitoring.
A novel high-throughput assay for the measurement of salivary progesterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry — Schiffer et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- validation
- fertility
- hormones
2019
The authors developed and validated an LC-MS/MS assay for THC, CBD and CBN from 20 µL VAMS blood samples with linear calibration curves and inter-day accuracies of 94.4 to 107 per cent, then applied it to a pediatric pharmacokinetic study, demonstrating that patient-centric microsampling can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabinoids in children.
A patient-centric liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry microsampling assay for analysis of cannabinoids in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
This review found that oral fluid and dried blood spot microsampling can detect hepatitis B virus serological and DNA markers with variable sensitivity ranging from 13 to 100 percent depending on collection method, study population, and assay used. These decentralised sampling approaches could increase access to hepatitis B screening in remote areas and high-risk groups.
Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis — Villar et al., Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2019
HPLC-MS/MS methods for midazolam and 1-OH midazolam in wet whole blood and dried blood collected on VAMS were developed and validated, meeting international guideline criteria; a strong correlation between wet and dry concentrations was observed, indicating VAMS is suitable for paediatric clinical studies.
Validation of methods for determining pediatric midazolam using wet whole blood and volumetric absorptive microsampling — Abu-Rabie et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
Matched fingerstick capillary blood samples showed near-perfect agreement with venipuncture across anti-müllerian hormone, estradiol, FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, TSH and free T4, with correlations of 0.99–1.00 and minimal bias, supporting interchangeable use and enabling virtually painless at-home testing for fertility hormone assessment.
Concordance of Fingerstick and Venipuncture Sampling for Fertility Hormones — Burke et al., Obstetrics and gynecology (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- fertility
- hormones
2019
Evaluation of the cobas® TV/MG assay showed 100% sensitivity and at least 99.2% specificity for detecting Trichomonas vaginalis in urine and vaginal swabs. Self-collected vaginal swabs performed equivalently to clinician-collected samples, confirming the test supports decentralised, patient-centric STI screening.
<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Detection in Female Specimens with cobas<sup>®</sup> TV/MG for use on the cobas<sup>®</sup> 6800/8800 Systems — Marlowe et al., European journal of microbiology & immunology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2019
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) using the Neoteryx Mitra device was validated for mitotane therapeutic drug monitoring across 1–50 mg/L, with acceptable haematocrit bias and one-week stability at room temperature. However, comparison with venous plasma showed poor correlation, suggesting home-based VAMS is of limited clinical value for mitotane unless a method-specific target range is established.
A method for the minimally invasive drug monitoring of mitotane by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling for a home-based therapeutic drug monitoring — Friedl et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2019
The prototype recombinase polymerase amplification assay detected chlamydia in urine and self-collected vulvovaginal swabs with sensitivity of at least 94.3% and specificity of 99.7–100%, and gonorrhoeae in urine with 100% sensitivity and specificity, delivering results in 15 minutes. This rapid, accurate performance comparable to standard NAATs suggests potential for decentralised STI screening to improve treatment and reduce transmission.
Diagnostic accuracy of a prototype rapid chlamydia and gonorrhoea recombinase polymerase amplification assay: a multicentre cross-sectional preclinical evaluation — Harding-Esch et al., Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2019
The study developed and validated two LC-MS/MS methods for quantifying paracetamol in dried blood and dried cerebrospinal fluid using VAMS, showing acceptable precision and accuracy, limited haematocrit influence, and stability under various storage conditions, thus proving the utility of VAMS for CSF microsampling.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as an alternative sampling strategy for the determination of paracetamol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid — Delahaye et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2019
Guardian-collected capillary dried blood spots were feasible for home monitoring of lamotrigine, and for carbamazepine and valproic acid when conversion factors were applied, with only 4 of 190 comparisons risking a conflicting dose decision and negligible risk of patient harm. Levetiracetam DBS showed high variability against plasma and is recommended only for checking nonadherence, not for dose adjustment.
Dried Blood Spot Self-Sampling by Guardians of Children With Epilepsy Is Feasible: Comparison With Plasma for Multiple Antiepileptic Drugs — Linder et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
Microsampling with the Neoteryx Mitra device showed acceptable linearity and precision for cyclosporine A, everolimus, sirolimus and tacrolimus, and agreed closely with conventional venous extraction by Deming regression, supporting its use for decentralised immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring.
Feasibility of Immunosuppressant Drug Monitoring by a Microsampling Device — Gruzdys et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
In ten healthy volunteers, radiprodil pharmacokinetics measured by Aqua-Cap™ Drummond microsampling closely matched conventional venous blood draws, whereas Mitra™ microsampling gave marginally lower exposure values. Both microsampling methods fell within the accepted bioequivalence range, indicating they could enable patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring and future paediatric decentralised trials.
A pharmacokinetic study of radiprodil oral suspension in healthy adults comparing conventional venous blood sampling with two microsampling techniques — Sciberras et al., Pharmacology research & perspectives
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2019
Mid-stream urine samples were significantly more accurate than first-void urine for point-of-care dipstick, microscopy and culture tests in diagnosing urinary tract infection in general practice, with error rates of 16% versus 23% for culture. A delay in analysis of up to four hours did not reduce test accuracy, which supports practical implementation in decentralised settings.
Sampling of urine for diagnosing urinary tract infection in general practice - First-void or mid-stream urine? — Pernille et al., Scandinavian journal of primary health care
- urine
- first-void
- validation
2019
Finger prick dried blood spots correlated strongly with venous whole blood for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, achieving Spearman coefficients between 0.72 and 0.97. The method requires only 30 μL of blood, enabling decentralised biomonitoring of environmental toxins with minimal burden.
Dried blood spots for reliable biomonitoring of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) — Poothong et al., The Science of the total environment (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2019
This study demonstrates for the first time that HPV vaccine antibodies can be detected in first-void urine from young women, with levels correlating strongly to serum (Spearman r 0.64–0.88). This non-invasive approach could support large-scale epidemiological studies and vaccine monitoring, reducing the need for venous blood draws, though further optimisation and validation is needed.
First-void urine as a non-invasive liquid biopsy source to detect vaccine-induced human papillomavirus antibodies originating from cervicovaginal secretions — Van Keer et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
- hpv
2019
VAMS capillary blood showed strong agreement with venous serum for measuring anti-influenza antibodies and remained stable for three weeks at room temperature. When volunteers performed finger-stick sampling at home, their results were highly consistent with on-site collection by study personnel.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG antibodies by the mPlex-Flu assay — Wang et al., Journal of clinical and translational science
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2019
The VAMS assay quantifies voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide with linear calibration from 10.0 to 10,000 ng/mL and intra- and inter-day accuracy within 87-102%, enabling accurate and precise therapeutic drug monitoring from a small fixed volume of dried blood.
Development and validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling assay for analysis of voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide in human whole blood — Moorthy et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
Fingerprick dried blood spots showed analytical agreement with whole blood for sirolimus and everolimus in transplant patients, but only 77.3% and 61.5% of samples fell within the pre-defined 15% clinical relevance limit, missing the 80% target for both drugs. This suggests the method cannot yet replace conventional sampling for immunosuppressant monitoring without accepting less stringent clinical criteria, which constrains its use in decentralised diagnostics.
Clinical application of a dried blood spot assay for sirolimus and everolimus in transplant patients — Veenhof et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
The Cobas CT/NG assay demonstrated high sensitivity (95.6–100%) and specificity (≥98.8%) for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae across urine and self-collected vaginal swabs from men and women. This validates patient-centric self-sampling for accurate, high-throughput STI screening suitable for decentralised public health programmes.
Evaluation of the Performance of the Cobas CT/NG Test for Use on the Cobas 6800/8800 Systems for Detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Male and Female Urogenital Samples — Van Der Pol et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2019
The authors developed and validated a fully automated dried blood spot method for monitoring four anti-epileptic drugs and a metabolite. Accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits, samples were stable for at least one month at room temperature, and haematocrit effects were limited, demonstrating suitability for remote therapeutic drug monitoring in resource-limited settings.
Fully automated therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs making use of dried blood spots — Velghe et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2019
The validated LC-MS/MS method showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles for albendazole and its metabolites across plasma, whole blood, dried blood spots and Mitra microsamples from hookworm-infected adolescents, supporting microsampling for paediatric pharmacokinetic studies. Mitra extraction proved more robust than dried blood spots during validation and is recommended for future albendazole pharmacokinetic work, despite higher albendazole sulfone concentrations observed in both microsampling devices compared with wet matrices.
Pharmacokinetics of Albendazole, Albendazole Sulfoxide, and Albendazole Sulfone Determined from Plasma, Blood, Dried-Blood Spots, and Mitra Samples of Hookworm-Infected Adolescents — Schulz et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
Oral rinse samples collected in Scope mouthwash remained stable at ambient temperature for four days, with high intraclass correlation for microbial diversity (Shannon index ICC 0.86), supporting their use in decentralised microbiome studies. However, comparability with OMNIgene ORAL samples was low, suggesting collection methods should not be mixed within a study.
Comparison of Oral Collection Methods for Studies of Microbiota — Vogtmann et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- validation
- microbiome
2019
The authors validated an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously measuring vancomycin and creatinine from plasma applied to VAMS devices, reporting acceptable precision and accuracy with both analytes stable for up to two weeks at 45 degrees Celsius, though VAMS concentrations required correction factors to estimate plasma levels. This supports wider access to vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in resource-limited settings by enabling ambient transport of dried plasma microsamples.
Simultaneous determination of vancomycin and creatinine in plasma applied to volumetric absorptive microsampling devices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Andriguetti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
This review summarises evidence that saliva contains proteins, metabolites, DNA alterations and miRNA that may serve as biomarkers for aging and Alzheimer's disease. It matters for decentralised diagnostics because it establishes the scientific rationale for using self-collected saliva in population screening, though it does not present original validation or stability data.
Current State of Saliva Biomarkers for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease — François et al., Current Alzheimer research (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2019
Targeted metabolomics of whole blood using VAMS achieved good recoveries and repeatability (less than 15% RSD) for 36 metabolites, and amino and organic acids remained stable in dried blood for at least four days at room temperature, supporting decentralised microsampling for metabolomics.
Targeted metabolomics of whole blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Kok et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- metabolome
2018
Metabolomics of TAP capillary blood matched venous draws for most metabolites, amino acids, bile acids and acyl-carnitines at r≥0.95; a small redox/energy subset differed with collection dynamics.
Quantitative metabolomics comparison of traditional blood draws and TAP capillary blood collection — Catala et al., Metabolomics (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- metabolome
- capillary
- liquid
- yourbio
- validation
2018
Telomere length measurements vary significantly depending on the sample type used, with Oragene saliva showing a moderate correlation to venous buffy coat, whereas Oasis saliva and dried blood spots did not yield comparable or adequate results for this assay.
Evaluating minimally invasive sample collection methods for telomere length measurement — Goldman et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- venous-agreement
- genotyping
2018
Volumetric dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with conventional venous sampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid concentrations in renal transplant recipients, with most concentrations and abbreviated AUCs falling within ±20% of conventional measures. Dosing recommendations differed on some occasions but the clinical impact was modest, suggesting home-based microsampling could support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring with appropriate patient training.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device — Zwart et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2018
FTA cards and OMNIgene GUT demonstrated strong concordance with immediate freezing for gut microbiome diversity and short-chain fatty acid measurements, while ethanol preserved the most metabolites overall. These stabilised collection methods enable reliable, decentralised stool sampling for large-scale microbiome and metabolomics studies.
Comparison of Fecal Collection Methods for Microbiome and Metabolomics Studies — Wang et al., Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- microbiome
- metabolome
2018
Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations in VAMS samples decrease without a stabilising reagent, whereas whole blood samples remain stable. For decentralised diagnostics, this means stabilisers must be added to VAMS devices before analysis to ensure accurate therapeutic drug monitoring from patient-collected samples.
Quantitative analysis of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Kim et al., Translational and clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2018
Urine self-sampling detected high-risk HPV with 51% sensitivity and 96% specificity compared to clinician-collected cervical samples, showing moderate overall agreement but substantial agreement in women aged 40 and older. This indicates urine testing could serve as a viable screening tool in low-resource settings where clinical collection is challenging, particularly for older women.
Randomized controlled trial evaluating the utility of urine HPV DNA for cervical cancer screening in a Pacific Island population — Hernandez et al., Journal of global health reports (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2018
Glycated haemoglobin measurement from home-collected dried blood spots correlated strongly with venous sampling (r=0.93) and, after bias correction, achieved a concordance correlation of 0.9 with 100% positive predictive value for levels above 7%. With 88.5% of patients preferring home collection, the method offers a viable patient-centric alternative to laboratory venepuncture for decentralised diabetes monitoring.
Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin Results Based on At-Home and In-Lab Dried Blood Spot Sampling to Routine Venous Blood Sampling In-Lab in Adult Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes — Elliott et al., Canadian journal of diabetes (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2018
The authors validated a dried blood spot assay for benznidazole that showed strong agreement with plasma concentrations (r²=0.8295) and proved stable at room temperature for more than one year. This microsampling approach enables therapeutic drug monitoring for Chagas disease in decentralised trials and remote settings, including paediatric populations.
Dried Blood Spot Technique-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method as a Simple Alternative for Benznidazole Pharmacokinetic Assessment — Galindo Bedor et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2018
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provided acceptable analytical accuracy and precision for atenolol, lisinopril, simvastatin and capillary blood samples without being influenced by haematocrit levels. The VAMS approach demonstrated strong agreement with standard dried blood spot cards in identifying medication adherence among volunteers.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) coupled with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry as a simplified alternative to dried blood spot (DBS) analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring of cardiovascular drugs — Tanna et al., Clinical mass spectrometry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2018
The optimised Abbott DBS protocol for HIV RNA testing performed well in a Vietnamese routine clinical setting, meeting WHO performance criteria for viral load monitoring. This supports scaling up decentralised HIV care, though sensitivity at the 1000 copies/mL threshold remains a challenge to avoid keeping patients on failing antiretroviral therapy.
First field evaluation of the optimized CE marked Abbott protocol for HIV RNA testing on dried blood spot in a routine clinical setting in Vietnam — Taieb et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2018
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provided accurate and precise measurement of key urinary metabolites in alkaptonuria with good recovery and reproducibility, and dried samples compared favourably with liquid specimens, although variable analyte stability may present barriers to routine implementation.
Evaluation of the Mitra microsampling device for use with key urinary metabolites in patients with Alkaptonuria — Taylor et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
2018
Capillary C-peptide concentrations measured from dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling showed strong agreement with reference plasma samples. Both sampling methods maintained stability over 48 hours at room temperature, supporting their utility for remote monitoring of endogenous insulin secretion.
Microsampling Collection Methods for Measurement of C-peptide in Whole Blood — Jones et al., Journal of diabetes science and technology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2018
In 36 participants undergoing a meal challenge, non-invasive optical glucose prediction achieved a mean absolute relative difference of 14.4% compared with YSI reference values, with 100% of readings in consensus error grid zones A and B. Capillary measurements using the device's invasive component showed 9.2% MARD, demonstrating the feasibility of calibrated optical monitoring for non-invasive glucose tracking.
Evaluation of a New Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring Device by Means of Standardized Meal Experiments — Pfützner et al., Journal of diabetes science and technology (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- cgm
- multimodal
2018
A derivatisation method using 3-nitrophenylhydrazine enabled precise quantitation of 24 carnitines in dried blood spots with intra-day CVs ≤7.8% and inter-day CVs ≤8.8%, and recoveries of 86.9%-109.7%. While all carnitines remained stable after four hours of sunlight, temperature cycling caused concentration changes in several species, which matters for quality control in remote screening programmes for fatty acid oxidation defects.
Isotope-labeling derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine for LC/multiple-reaction monitoring-mass-spectrometry-based quantitation of carnitines in dried blood spots — Han et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2018
VAMS recovery relative to DMPK-C depended on the protein, being lower for β-lactoglobulin and myoglobin but higher for cytochrome c and albumin, and haematocrit affected protein quantification from both materials. VAMS showed strong correlation (R² ≥ 0.983), accuracy of 71 to 101 per cent and precision with RSD at or below 20 per cent for six model proteins spiked into blood, supporting its use for decentralised protein analysis with awareness of haematocrit effects.
Volumetric absorptive MicroSampling vs. other blood sampling materials in LC-MS-based protein analysis - preliminary investigations — Andersen et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2018
Dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with whole blood for measuring everolimus in cancer patients, with ninety percent of samples demonstrating acceptable prediction error and low bias. This enables home-based therapeutic drug monitoring, allowing clinicians to individualise dosing without requiring patient visits.
Clinical validation study of dried blood spot for determining everolimus concentration in patients with cancer — Willemsen et al., European journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2018
A volumetric absorptive microsampling method for quantifying GSKA in human blood was developed and validated. Haematocrit related assay bias was minimised across a 30 to 60 per cent range and all validation parameters met acceptance criteria, indicating the method is suitable for quantitative analysis in decentralised settings.
Drug monitoring by volumetric absorptive microsampling: method development considerations to mitigate hematocrit effects — Fang et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2018
The OMNIgene•GUT kit proved reliable for stool microsampling and ambient storage, with samples stored at room temperature for seven days showing comparable bacterial DNA quantity and diversity to fresh samples; transient phylum-level differences were seen at 24 hours but not at seven days. This supports decentralised, patient-centric microbiome research by enabling home self-collection and postal transport, while emphasising that DNA extraction method has greater impact on microbiome profiles than storage conditions.
Reliability of a participant-friendly fecal collection method for microbiome analyses: a step towards large sample size investigation — Szopinska et al., BMC microbiology
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- self-collection
- validation
- microbiome
2018
Vaginal swabs achieved 86% sensitivity for five STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus), substantially exceeding the 63% sensitivity of first-void urine in a prospective cohort of female sex workers. This validation supports adopting self-collected vaginal swabs as the consensus sample type for decentralised STI screening programmes.
Identifying a consensus sample type to test for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus — Coorevits et al., Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2018
A dried blood spot LC-MS/MS method was validated for therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid. Concentrations from dried blood spots correlated strongly with plasma (R² 0.92) across venous and capillary samples, enabling home self-collection and reducing clinic visits for children with epilepsy.
Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid in dried blood spots with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; method development and validation — Linder et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2018
The immunosensor accurately measured salivary cortisol across the physiological range with good reproducibility and recovery, and showed strong agreement with UHPLC-MS/MS, enabling reliable patient self-collection for stress hormone monitoring.
Disposable electrochemical immunosensor for cortisol determination in human saliva — Kämäräinen et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
2017
Finger-prick dried blood spots supported monitoring of both adalimumab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in inflammatory rheumatic disease: biologic TDM without a venous draw.
Dried blood spots from finger prick facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab and anti-adalimumab in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases — Kneepkens et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2017
Expressing taxa as cells per gram of stool showed faecal microbial load varies ~10-fold between healthy people and drives apparent compositional differences: relative-abundance data alone can misrepresent quantitative change.
Quantitative microbiome profiling links gut community variation to microbial load — Vandeputte et al., Nature (paywalled)
- stool
- microbiome
- standardised-input
- validation
2017
VAMS microsampling of capillary blood provided accurate measurement of hydroxychloroquine and metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis patients, with results agreeing with venous blood while overcoming dried blood spot limitations of haematocrit bias and inhomogeneity, and offered potential for home self-collection.
Capillary blood collected on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) device for monitoring hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis patients — Qu et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2017
First-void urine self-collected with the Colli-Pee device detected high-risk HPV with sensitivity for CIN2+ comparable to clinician-taken smears and brush-based self-samples. This supports urine as a viable matrix for decentralised, patient-centric cervical cancer screening.
HPV testing in first-void urine provides sensitivity for CIN2+ detection comparable with a smear taken by a clinician or a brush-based self-sample: cross-sectional data from a triage population — Leeman et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2017
Gammaproteobacteria proliferate in stool samples shipped at room temperature, distorting microbiome profiles. A computational correction method that removes sequences from these blooming taxa enables reliable microbiome analysis from self-collected samples sent without cold chain, producing results comparable to frozen specimens.
Correcting for Microbial Blooms in Fecal Samples during Room-Temperature Shipping — Amir et al., mSystems
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- self-collection
- validation
- microbiome
2017
This study in children with epilepsy demonstrated strong correlation between dried blood spot and plasma concentrations for carbamazepine, lamotrigine and valproic acid. While lamotrigine concentrations were directly comparable, conversion factors were required for carbamazepine (18% higher bias) and valproic acid (35% lower bias), supporting the feasibility of home sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring and its potential to simplify care and reduce costs.
Comparison between dried blood spot and plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A step towards home sampling — Linder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2017
The review concludes that first-void urine is a feasible source for molecular biomarkers, such as host and viral gene methylation, to triage high-risk HPV infections, offering a non-invasive and preferred method for women that may improve screening adherence.
First-void urine: A potential biomarker source for triage of high-risk human papillomavirus infected women — Van Keer et al., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2017
Across five extraction protocols, storage time generally reduced DNA quantity but protocol 1 (Oragene) maintained yield; DNA purity was largely unaffected by storage for commercial protocols but declined for non‑commercial methods; only protocol 1 consistently gave unfragmented DNA and protocols 1–4 yielded amplifiable DNA while protocol 5 rarely did. This supports reliable saliva self‑collection and long‑term storage for genotyping in decentralised settings.
Human DNA extraction from whole saliva that was fresh or stored for 3, 6 or 12 months using five different protocols — Garbieri et al., Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- genotyping
2017
Clinical validation in twenty-eight children showed that dried blood spot sampling predicted venous tacrolimus concentrations adequately, with ninety-five percent of predicted-to-observed ratios between 0.74 and 1.28 and median prediction error below fifteen percent, whereas mycophenolic acid predictions were more variable, indicating semiquantitative utility. The authors concluded that home-based dried blood spot collection is suitable for tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant recipients.
Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid in Children: Analytical and Clinical Validation — Martial et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2017
Dried VAMS and DBS samples collected at home and analysed after a median of three days showed poor agreement with standard venous or capillary blood for HbA1c monitoring. In contrast, wet VAMS samples analysed immediately demonstrated excellent agreement, indicating that sample drying and delayed analysis compromise reliability for decentralised HbA1c measurement.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling at home as an alternative tool for the monitoring of HbA1c in diabetes patients — Verougstraete et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2017
UriSwab provided a practical transport medium for urine-based STI testing, with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids remaining detectable by PCR after up to 16 days' ambient or elevated temperature storage, and Mycoplasma genitalium for up to 10 days. This facilitates patient self-collection and postal return in decentralised sexual health programmes.
UriSwab: an effective transport medium for nucleic acid detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Costa et al., Sexual health (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2017
The study standardises leukocyte and interleukin-6 measurements in first-void urine, expressed prostatic secretion and post-massage urine from 541 adults and defines ROC-based cut-offs to distinguish inflammatory from non-inflammatory prostate disease, enabling more precise treatment selection in decentralised settings.
Inflammatory reaction found in prostate-specific material - method standardization and proposed optimal cut-off points — Korrovits et al., Andrology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
2017
Self-collected dry glans swabs detected Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with 91% sensitivity and 99% specificity, showing 98% agreement with clinician-collected swabs. This patient-centric approach enables decentralised STI screening programmes by facilitating non-invasive specimen collection in non-medical venues.
Self-collected glans/meatal 'dry' swab specimen and NAAT technology detects Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - implications for public policy changes — Ferrero et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2017
A laboratory method study showed that a fluoroplastic porous carrier for dried plasma spots quadruples sample capacity to 70-100 µl and, with antioxidant pretreatment, preserves polyunsaturated fatty acids for up to 35-40 days at room temperature or six months frozen. This enhanced stability and capacity could support decentralised collection and mailing of plasma samples for fatty acid and cholesterol analysis.
[The perspective fluoroplastic porous carrier for conservation and transfer of samples of blood plasma: application of "dry drop" technique with the purpose of detection of individual fatty acids.] — Aripovsky et al., Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2017
In breast cancer patients, whole blood microsampling by dried matrix on paper discs and volumetric absorptive microsampling detected a similar number of metabolites with comparable reproducibility and group discrimination to the standard protein precipitation method, supporting their use as simpler alternatives in decentralised metabolomics workflows.
Comparative study on microsampling techniques in metabolic fingerprinting studies applying gas chromatography-MS analysis — Cala & Meesters, Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- metabolome
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