The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 501–600 of 733 labelled “blood”, newest first.
2021
A capillary blood glucose threshold of 2.6 mmol/L measured before the second feed predicted neonatal hypoglycaemia within 24 hours with an area under the ROC curve of 0.96. This could allow 60 per cent of babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes to avoid extended inpatient monitoring, enabling earlier discharge and home-based care.
Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study — Park et al., BMC pregnancy and childbirth
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- pediatric
2021
Remote SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing using self-collected dried blood spots proved feasible in decentralised trials, with 56% of consenting participants returning usable samples and 95% successfully completing self-collection despite pandemic logistical challenges. The agglutination-PCR method showed 83% concordance with ELISA, but mail delays and sample degradation complicated analysis and reduced data quality.
Feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in Remote Outpatient Trials — Lofgren et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- dct
- serology
2021
Microsampling enables remote, contactless self-collection for Covid-19 serology and therapeutic drug monitoring, reducing infection risk and clinical staff burden while maintaining accuracy through validated assays. This supports decentralised clinical trials and population-level surveillance during a pandemic.
Microsampling: A role to play in Covid-19 diagnosis, surveillance, treatment and clinical trials — Rajadhyaksha & Londhe, Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- dct
- serology
2021
In paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, infliximab levels measured from dried capillary blood spots strongly correlated with venous serum concentrations, with a mean difference of -0.14 μg/mL and excellent interclass correlation coefficient of 0.998. This demonstrates that finger-prick microsampling is a patient-friendly alternative to venepuncture for therapeutic drug monitoring of biologics in children.
Infliximab Level Between Venous and Capillary Blood Using Novel Device Strongly Correlate in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients — Zijlstra et al., Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- neoteryx-mitra
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- biologics
2021
The authors validated a VAMS method for hydroxychloroquine that meets FDA bioanalytical standards, achieving a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/mL. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for patients on long-term therapy, enabling microsampling at home rather than venous draws in clinics.
Development and Validation of the Quantification Method for Hydroxychloroquine in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array — Harahap et al., Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
2021
The study validated UPLC-MS/MS methods for both dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantify tamoxifen and three metabolites in breast cancer patients, finding that VAMS extraction recovery was slightly higher than DBS while both showed satisfactory recovery with low variability, samples were stable for two months, and mean patient concentrations did not differ significantly between the two methods. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of tamoxifen using either microsampling format.
Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites in dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling: comparison and clinical application — Maggadani et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2021
The Fertility Indicator Equation produced a clear signature of consecutive positive values when applied to daily serum progesterone or urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels, reliably signalling the transition from ovulatory to luteal phase. This approach could enable home-based fertility monitoring through self-collected urine samples.
The Fertility Indicator Equation Using Serum Progesterone and Urinary Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide for Assessment of Ovulatory to Luteal Phase Transition — Usala et al., Medicina
- blood
- urine
- fertility
- hormones
2021
A microfluidic DBS device using hydrophobic burst valves meters 5-15 μL blood accurately across 25-70% haematocrit and, in a therapeutic drug monitoring validation with adalimumab-spiked samples, achieves higher recovery than traditional DBS (86% versus 62%), supporting precise home or low-resource sampling.
Precise sample metering method by coordinated burst action of hydrophobic burst valves applied to dried blood spot collection — Vloemans et al., Lab on a chip (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
- haematocrit
2021
Dried blood spot specimens collected at home without medically trained personnel showed agreement with conventional venous blood when analysed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, with stable antibody readouts over more than 200 days of dry dark storage and consistent results in individuals tested twice within 10 months post-infection.
Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dried blood spots utilizing manual or automated spot extraction and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) — Knoop et al., Analytical science advances
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Capillary dried blood spot samples analysed with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay on COBAS 6000 systems agreed with paired serum results in 98.9% of cases and remained accurate at 86.7% after 9 days, supporting their use for decentralised COVID-19 serosurveillance and large-scale screening.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from dried blood spot samples with the Roche Elecsys Immunochemistry method — Fontaine & Saez, Practical laboratory medicine
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
The study validated a VAMS-based LC-MS/MS method for measuring tamoxifen and its active metabolites in breast cancer patients, showing good accuracy, precision and stability at room temperature for 30 days. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology by enabling reliable, patient-collected sampling.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a New Biosampling Tool for Monitoring of Tamoxifen, Endoxifen, 4-OH Tamoxifen and N-Desmethyltamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients — Maggadani et al., Drug design, development and therapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2021
The study found that daclizumab and trastuzumab showed encouraging recovery from VAMS after short term storage at room temperature and long term storage at -80 degrees Celsius, supporting the use of VAMS for therapeutic drug monitoring of biologics in decentralised settings.
Whole blood stability evaluation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Li et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
2021
In a decentralised design, HAE patients collected dried blood spot samples at home during attacks and at clinic visits, with high acceptability and sufficient sample volumes for LC-IM-QToF MS metabolomics, supporting the feasibility of patient-centric microsampling to discover disease activity biomarkers.
HAE patient self-sampling for biomarker establishment — Förster et al., Orphanet journal of rare diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- dct
- biomarkers
2021
Dried blood spot citrulline measurements gave comparable results to plasma for identifying intestinal damage and monitoring mucosal recovery in coeliac disease. This enables remote monitoring of patients at a distance, supporting decentralised care.
Evaluation of the Utility of Amino Acid Citrulline as a Surrogate Metabolomic Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease — Lomash et al., Nutrition and metabolic insights
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2021
Metabolic phenotyping of dried blood spots showed high analytical reproducibility and detected seasonal differences in household air pollution exposure among rural Chinese women. This demonstrates DBS microsampling is a viable approach for decentralised environmental health research in low-resource settings.
A feasibility study of metabolic phenotyping of dried blood spot specimens in rural Chinese women exposed to household air pollution — Loo et al., Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2021
The study validated a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to measure rosuvastatin in 10 µL of blood collected using VAMS, with acceptable accuracy and precision across multiple days. Rosuvastatin remained stable in VAMS samples for 10 days at room temperature without pH buffer, supporting its use in decentralised clinical trials and patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring.
Validation of LC-MS/MS method for determination of rosuvastatin concentration in human blood collected by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) — Moon et al., Translational and clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2021
Volumetric absorptive microsampling with Mitra devices permits minimally invasive, finger-prick blood collection for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiseizure medications without trained staff. The review concluded that stability, accuracy and precision are acceptable for specific drugs and haematocrit effects are minimised, but evidence is drug-specific and further validation is required for decentralised clinical use.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling: Where Are We? — D'Urso et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2021
Home-based dried blood spot sampling from infants showed significant tracking of total cholesterol between 6 and 12 months of age. With 21% of children having elevated cholesterol, this demonstrates that decentralised microsampling can identify those needing early preventive measures.
Cholesterol at ages 6, 12 and 24 months: Tracking and associations with diet and maternal cholesterol in the Infant Cholesterol Study — Øyri et al., Atherosclerosis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2021
Dried capillary blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling provides linear agreement with serum for lamotrigine, lacosamide and levetiracetam, enabling conversion factors to estimate serum trough concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lamotrigine, Lacosamide, and Levetiracetam in Dried Capillary Blood-Determination of Conversion Factors for Serum-Based Reference Ranges — Klimpel et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2021
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) achieved excellent correlation with conventional venous sampling for iohexol quantification and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) derivation in twenty children, showing minimal bias overall. Accuracy was lower for GFR values under 60 mL/min/1.73 m², but the method proved stable for 245 days and valid across a 20–60 % haematocrit range, offering a viable decentralised alternative for paediatric renal function assessment.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol — Dhondt et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- haematocrit
2021
Targeted metabolomics using one‑drop capillary blood microsampling with hemaPEN showed satisfactory stability, precision, trueness and accuracy across five time points around exercise, and detected expected changes in lactic acid, TCA cycle intermediates and several amino acids; samples were quicker and easier to store and process than classical plasma or serum from venepuncture, supporting decentralised fluxomics monitoring.
Blood Microsampling to Monitor Metabolic Profiles During Physical Exercise — Nix et al., Frontiers in molecular biosciences
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- metabolome
2021
Dried blood spot measurements of antimüllerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone helped to stage reproductive ageing in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, though 29 per cent could not be classified by STRAW+10 criteria, particularly within two years of gonadotoxic treatment. The study suggests that bleeding pattern alone may misclassify survivors and that modified staging criteria are needed for this population.
Beyond Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Staging Reproductive Aging in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors — Medica et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- fertility
- hormones
2021
A surrogate-analyte LC-MS/MS method for cortisol in whole blood was validated, showing linearity from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy and precision per regulatory guidance. Evaluation of patient samples demonstrated comparable cortisol concentrations in whole blood and plasma, indicating that whole blood sampling could support patient-centric, at-home collection in decentralised trials and clinical diagnostics.
A validated surrogate analyte LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of endogenous cortisol in human whole blood — Agrawal et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
- dct
2021
A quantitative dried blood spot device (Capitainer qDBS) combined with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay tracked anti-spike antibody development after two doses of the Pfizer vaccine, with the second dose producing a roughly hundredfold stimulation that peaked at two weeks and fell to 65 percent by three months. The bias between plasma and DBS was variable across both a 14-volunteer vaccination cohort and a 200-patient clinical cohort, yet DBS proved sufficiently sensitive for prolonged immune-status monitoring without venous draws.
Use of Quantitative Dried Blood Spots to Evaluate the Post-Vaccination Level of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 — Marchand et al., Life
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Preanalytical variables significantly affect therapeutic drug monitoring accuracy, where traditional dried blood spots face challenges with haematocrit bias and filter paper fragility. Volumetric absorptive microsampling provides a fixed-volume alternative that overcomes haematocrit dependency and facilitates self-collection workflows.
Review of the Preanalytical Errors That Impact Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Peck Palmer & Dasgupta, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2021
Capillary point-of-care haemoglobin measurement correlated strongly with venous automated complete blood count in adult dengue patients, though sensitivity for detecting haemoconcentration was only fair. Using capillary microsampling reduces venipuncture frequency, enabling more patient-centric decentralised monitoring of dengue.
Comparison between blood hemoglobin concentration determined by point-of-care device and complete blood count in adult patients with dengue — Wisanuvej et al., PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- haematocrit
2021
The study validated a VAMS method for measuring ten antihypertensive drugs in finger prick blood, showing acceptable accuracy and precision for most analytes, though concentrations in VAMS samples cannot be used interchangeably with plasma and require specific reference ranges. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring using patient-centric microsampling.
Evaluation and analytical applicability of a novel volumetric absorptive microsampling strategy for adherence monitoring of antihypertensive drugs by means of LC-HRMS/MS — Jacobs et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2021
Remote dried blood spot testing for HbA1c was feasible for telemedicine, with just over half of ordered tests completed and results available within a week for most who completed the test.
Adapting to telemedicine in the COVID-19 era: Feasibility of dried blood spot testing for hemoglobin A1c — Roberts et al., Diabetes & metabolic syndrome (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
2021
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for moxidectin and showed that capillary Mitra® microsampling in Strongyloides-infected adults yielded pharmacokinetic profiles in close agreement with venous sampling, with identical time to maximal concentration of 4.0 hours and similar maximal concentrations of 83.9–88.5 ng/mL. This demonstrates the method and device are suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of anthelmintics in decentralised field settings.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anthelmintic drug moxidectin in a volumetric absorptive microsample, blood, and plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of adults infected with Strongyloides stercoralis in Laos — Hofmann et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2021
VAMS coupled with LC-MS/MS showed good correlation with conventional serum sampling for monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics in rhesus monkeys, but a subsequent clinical study revealed that EDTA anticoagulant in standard and quality control samples caused anomalous internal standard responses in patient fingerstick samples, compromising accuracy. The authors recommend specific best practices during method development and validation to detect such anticoagulant effects early before deploying VAMS in clinical studies.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS®) in therapeutic protein quantification by LC-MS/MS: Investigation of anticoagulant impact on assay performance and recommendations for best practices in method development — Gao et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- biologics
2021
The study compared VAMS capillary finger prick samples with venous liquid and venous VAMS samples from 50 healthy volunteers for thiamine diphosphate measurement, finding 94 to 100 per cent of results within 20 per cent of their mean across all comparisons with no significant bias. VAMS microsamples also remained stable when sent through regular post without affecting results, supporting their use for decentralised thiamine status assessment in both developed and remote settings.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as a reliable tool to assess thiamine status in dried blood microsamples: a comparative study — Verstraete & Stove, The American journal of clinical nutrition (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- biomarkers
2021
Home-collected dried blood spots were feasible for longitudinal HIV viral load monitoring among US MSM, with high return rates and most participants maintaining undetectable viral load across time points. This supports use of self-collected DBS as a decentralised approach to sustain viral suppression.
Longitudinal Viral Load Monitoring Using Home-Collected Dried Blood Spot Specimens of MSM Living with HIV: Results from a Feasibility Pilot Study — Teran et al., AIDS and behavior
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2021
A VAMS method for 24 mycotoxins was validated against FDA and European Commission guidelines, showing no haematocrit bias and acceptable stability for 21 days at room temperature. Comparison with liquid whole blood from 20 samples revealed no missed exposed cases and comparable levels of key mycotoxins, supporting VAMS as an alternative to venous sampling in resource-limited settings.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as an Alternative Tool for Biomonitoring of Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in Resource-Limited Areas — Vidal et al., Toxins
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2021
The authors validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring thiamine diphosphate in dried blood collected by VAMS, achieving accuracy within 6.5% bias and imprecision below 13% CV. The method was unaffected by haematocrit variation and showed superior stability, with samples remaining stable for one week at 60°C or high humidity and for at least one month at room temperature, enabling thiamine screening without cold chain logistics.
Patient-Centric Assessment of Thiamine Status in Dried Blood Volumetric Absorptive Microsamples Using LC-MS/MS Analysis — Verstraete & Stove, Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2021
Capillary blood collected by fingerstick with the Mitra volumetric absorptive microsampling device showed near identical sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with venous serum when analysed with the Roche Elecsys assay. This validation enables decentralised, patient-centric serology testing for remote or at-home use and large-scale community seroprevalence studies.
Remote Fingerstick Blood Collection for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Testing — Garcia-Beltran et al., Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
This proof-of-concept study compared VAMS and dried blood spot microsamples with fluid blood for untargeted lipidomic profiling using high-resolution LC-MS/MS, finding that VAMS is a viable option for untargeted lipidomics with the advantage of haematocrit independence over traditional dried blood spots.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Blood for Untargeted Lipidomics — Marasca et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2021
People with mild learning disabilities found STI/BBV self-sampling packs challenging due to complex instructions and manual dexterity required for blood sampling, yet welcomed privacy and avoiding clinic visits. Providing easy-read formats and retaining face-to-face options are essential to avoid widening health inequalities in decentralised screening.
How can we make self-sampling packs for sexually transmitted infections and bloodborne viruses more inclusive? A qualitative study with people with mild learning disabilities and low health literacy — Middleton et al., Sexually transmitted infections
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2021
Capillary blood collected by fingerstick showed near-perfect correlation with venous samples for HbA1c (R² = 0.993), with 96.7% of paired results differing by no more than 0.2%. Most participants found the kit easy to use at home, indicating potential for decentralised diabetes monitoring when in-person visits are impractical.
Comparison of central laboratory HbA1c measurements obtained from a capillary collection versus a standard venous whole blood collection in the GRADE and EDIC studies — Nathan et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- dct
2021
A VAMS method for quantifying 13 antipsychotics in finger prick blood was validated across three haematocrit values, showing coherent results with matched plasma samples. Five antipsychotics degraded after one week at room temperature, indicating stability limits for decentralised adherence monitoring.
Development, validation, and application of a quantitative volumetric absorptive microsampling-based method in finger prick blood by means of LC-HRMS/MS applicable for adherence monitoring of antipsychotics — Jacobs et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2021
This review finds that sensitive assays and novel microsampling designs have largely overcome traditional dried blood spot limitations, establishing feasibility for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Patient self-sampling remains uncommon but feedback is largely positive, indicating microsampling will become increasingly important in decentralised care.
Microsampling Devices for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Are We There Yet? — Morgan, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- acceptability
- tdm
2021
Seroprevalence among Milan schoolchildren rose from 2.8% in September 2020 to 12.5% in January 2021, with an overall seroconversion rate of 10% and no difference between those attending school in person and those switched to remote learning, suggesting schools reflected rather than amplified community transmission.
Does school reopening affect SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among school-age children in Milan? — Barcellini et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- serology
2021
Capillary blood collected with the Neoteryx Mitra device showed a high correlation with venous samples for tacrolimus monitoring in transplant recipients, but yielded concentrations that were on average 22.5% higher. This minimally invasive method offers a convenient alternative to venepuncture for therapeutic drug monitoring, provided the consistent positive bias is accounted for in clinical interpretation.
Validation of a Capillary Dry Blood Sample MITRA-Based Assay for the Quantitative Determination of Systemic Tacrolimus Concentrations in Transplant Recipients — Undre et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
The authors developed and fully validated LC-MS/MS methods for paracetamol and four metabolites in plasma, whole blood and 10 microlitre VAMS dried blood microsamples, including assessment of haematocrit effects on VAMS recovery. Successful analysis of patient samples collected from both venous and capillary blood confirmed the methods are fit for purpose and can support future pharmacokinetic studies using decentralised microsampling.
Determination of paracetamol and its metabolites via LC-MS/MS in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples: A tool for pharmacokinetic studies — Delahaye et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2021
The study demonstrates a fully automated workflow for dried blood spot sample handling and extraction that recovers intact SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit, enabling minimally invasive at-home sampling without third-party involvement.
Fully automated dried blood spot sample handling and extraction for serological testing of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies — Gaugler et al., Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2021
A bioanalytical method for tacrolimus quantitation from MITRA capillary blood samples met all FDA and EMA validation criteria, showing accuracy and precision across 1–50 ng/mL. Haematocrit and hyperlipidaemia did not affect quantitation, and samples remained stable for up to 96 days, supporting minimally invasive therapeutic drug monitoring from a fingerprick.
Quantitation of Tacrolimus in Human Whole Blood Samples Using the MITRA Microsampling Device — Undre et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
This review summarises liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry assays using dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling for quantifying antimicrobial drugs in children, highlighting that VAMS reduces haematocrit bias and offers a viable alternative to traditional plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Microsampling Assays for Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drugs in Children: A Critical Review — Moorthy et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2021
Near-infrared spectroscopy predicted haematocrit in dried blood spots with a maximal bias of 0.012 L/L and coefficient of variation of 4.5%. The method demonstrated robustness for capillary finger-prick samples and across various storage conditions, filter paper types and spotted volumes, enabling correction of haematocrit-related bias in quantitative analysis and supporting broader use of patient-centric microsampling.
Near-infrared-based hematocrit prediction of dried blood spots: An in-depth evaluation — Delahaye et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- haematocrit
2021
A quantitative VAMS method for PEth 16:0/18:1 was developed and validated across two laboratories, showing good comparability (average bias −0.4%, 85% of differences within 20%) and reproducibility over one year; this supports reliable decentralised alcohol monitoring using finger‑prick dried blood microsamples.
Quantitation of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood after volumetric absorptive microsampling — Van Uytfanghe et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2021
Two feasibility studies assessed low-volume blood sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring. In patients receiving an anti-A therapeutic, drug levels were measured from finger-prick whole blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra and from capillary plasma collected with TASSO OnDemand, and compared with venipuncture samples. The work outlines practical considerations for adopting these patient-centric microsampling methods in decentralised trials and clinical care.
Assessment of low volume sampling technologies: utility in nonclinical and clinical studies — Williams et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- biologics
2021
Dried blood spots collected by fingerstick from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated individuals showed strong correlation with paired plasma for antibody binding and neutralisation titres. This supports decentralised serology by enabling self-collection and ambient-temperature mailing and storage, overcoming the cold-chain requirements of venous sampling.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Binding and Neutralization in Dried Blood Spot Eluates and Paired Plasma — Itell et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
The study found that adding dried blood spot collection to measure C-reactive protein was feasible and acceptable among transgender and gender-nonconforming youth aged 9 to 20 attending a clinical service, and that a composite of greater gender-based stress with lower support was associated with higher inflammation, though no individual stress or support subscale reached statistical significance.
Gender Minority Stress, Support, and Inflammation in Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth — McQuillan et al., Transgender health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
2021
The HPLC-MS/MS assay on dried capillary blood collected with VAMS was linear, precise and stable, and showed strong agreement with liquid venous tacrolimus measurements, supporting its use for therapeutic drug monitoring in transplant recipients.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling for the quantification of tacrolimus in capillary blood by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Tron et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
Dried blood spots collected by finger prick from nursing home residents and staff showed sensitivities of 95.0–97.1% and specificities of 97.1–98.8% against venous blood for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, demonstrating reliable performance even in elderly people with reduced cutaneous microvasculature. This supports decentralised serosurveillance and post-authorisation vaccine studies because DBS can be obtained remotely and stored at room temperature.
Comparison of Dried Blood Spots and Venous Blood for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Population of Nursing Home Residents — Meyers et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
The review summarises that dried blood spot analysis and hepatitis C self-test assays have demonstrated diagnostic value for screening in decentralised settings and remote populations, supporting WHO diagnosis targets. This matters for decentralised diagnostics by confirming microsampling methods can be used for infectious disease screening outside clinical facilities.
Hepatitis C Diagnosis: Simplified Solutions, Predictive Barriers, and Future Promises — Shahid et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2021
Capillary blood self-sampling showed near-perfect agreement with venous sampling for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection, achieving a Cohen's kappa of 0.88. Samples remained stable at room temperature for seven days, and 38 of 39 participants successfully collected adequate volumes, supporting its use for decentralised serological testing.
Self-sampling of capillary blood for SARS-CoV-2 serology — Brown et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Self-sampled dried blood spots showed 99.20% sensitivity and 98.65% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 serology compared with venous sampling, and 99.87% of unsupervised home DBS cards were analysable, supporting DBS as a valid tool for large scale serosurveys and surveillance in resource limited settings.
A dried blood spot protocol for high throughput analysis of SARS-CoV-2 serology based on the Roche Elecsys anti-N assay — Beyerl et al., EBioMedicine
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
In 33 patients, dried blood spots showed high correlation with venipuncture for adalimumab, Pearson ≥0.96, whereas home sampling showed moderate correlation with predicted concentrations, Pearson 0.51.
Monitoring of Adalimumab Concentrations at Home in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Dried Blood Samples — Berends et al., Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
2020
A review contrasting the formats, framing the haematocrit effect, non-uniform spreading and homogeneity limits of DBS as the problems volumetric sampling is designed to solve.
Opportunities and obstacles for microsampling techniques in bioanalysis: special focus on DBS and VAMS — Londhe & Rajadhyaksha, J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2020
The study found that HIV-1 viral load testing using fingerstick blood collected in BD Microtainer tubes showed high correlation, R² ≥0.980, with standard venous assays, supporting decentralised patient-centric microsampling. The authors note the limitation that testing was performed at a single laboratory site.
Performance evaluation of the Aptima HIV-1 RNA Quant assay on the Panther system using the standard and dilution protocols — Rossetti et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
Protein abundances measured by SomaScan were comparable between capillary samples collected with the TAP device and venous samples, and selected ELISA assays showed strong correlation, supporting the use of the TAP device for quantitative protein biomarker analysis in decentralised trials.
Evaluation of a novel blood microsampling device for clinical trial sample collection and protein biomarker analysis — Xing et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- dct
- venous-agreement
- blood
- capillary
- yourbio
- biomarkers
2020
Eighty-four per cent of 148 diverse US adults found self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 testing acceptable, and 87 per cent were confident their specimens were sufficient for laboratory analysis. The lack of demographic differences in acceptability supports broad feasibility of decentralised diagnostics.
At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: Post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens — Valentine-Graves et al., PloS one
- blood
- saliva
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2020
This study validated a method using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants in whole blood and oral fluid. The method showed good extraction yield (84%), precision (relative standard deviation under 15%), and stability (over 85% after three months), with results agreeing well with conventional sampling. By enabling self-collection at home, VAMS simplifies sampling, improves analyte stability, and reduces costs, making decentralised monitoring of antidepressant treatment feasible.
Whole blood and oral fluid microsampling for the monitoring of patients under treatment with antidepressant drugs — Marasca et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- vams
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
2020
Fingerprick blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra devices showed minimal bias compared to venous sampling for tacrolimus (-5.6%) and creatinine (-6.5%) in renal transplant patients. This validated method could enable home-based therapeutic drug monitoring and kidney function testing, reducing the need for hospital visits.
Assessment of tacrolimus and creatinine concentration collected using Mitra microsampling devices — Marshall et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2020
The authors developed and validated a VAMS method for quantifying immunosuppressants from venous whole blood using LC-MS/MS with a novel UniSpray ionisation probe. This supports patient-centric microsampling for transplant recipients requiring therapeutic drug monitoring.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) for assaying immunosuppressants from venous whole blood by LC-MS/MS using a novel atmospheric pressure ionization probe (UniSpray™) — Paniagua-González et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2020
Dried blood spots collected serially from 763 female adolescent and young adult cancer survivors for up to 18 months revealed that anti-Müllerian hormone trajectories vary markedly by treatment gonadotoxicity and age at diagnosis. This establishes patient-centric microsampling as a viable method for longitudinal fertility assessment in decentralised oncology follow-up care.
Modeling Variation in the Reproductive Lifespan of Female Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Using AMH — Su et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Finger-stick dried blood spots from 191 young women yielded anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the normal range (mean 5.66 ng/mL) and were deemed acceptable, with 81 per cent comfortable with collection and 88 per cent willing to repeat it. This supports feasibility of decentralised reproductive health studies, though validation against gold-standard measures remains necessary.
A pilot study for exploring blood spot anti-mullerian hormone for population-based adolescent reproductive health research — Hall et al., Frontiers in women's health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Home dried blood spot monitoring for maple syrup urine disease raised the proportion of leucine concentrations meeting therapeutic targets by 35 per cent. More frequent self-sampling at home was associated with better biochemical control in newborns and fewer hospital visits, showing that patient-centric microsampling can improve management of inherited metabolic disorders.
The utility of dried blood spot monitoring of branched-chain amino acids for maple syrup urine disease: A retrospective chart review study — Kaur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
2020
A targeted NGS panel using dried blood spots achieved 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing in detecting pathogenic variants across 32 samples, with average coverage of 596X. This validates microsampling for decentralised newborn screening programmes, enabling accurate genetic diagnosis from minimally invasive specimens.
A targeted gene capture next-generation sequencing panel for genetic screening of newborns — Peng et al., JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- genotyping
2020
Home-collected dried blood spots from 143 infants aged 8-14 months revealed wide variation in total cholesterol (4.1 mmol/L, range 2.3-6.6) and glycated haemoglobin (4.9%, range 3.7-6.0). Infant cholesterol correlated with macronutrient intake and maternal cholesterol, supporting decentralised paediatric screening.
Infant cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin concentrations vary widely-Associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers — Øyri et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2020
The study found that while participants generally viewed body fluid testing as useful for knowing their health status, cultural and religious concerns created ambivalence about sampling, particularly for blood and semen. Ensuring privacy, confidentiality and ongoing counselling helped address these barriers, supporting the design of more acceptable decentralised sampling programmes.
Perceptions on the collection of body fluids for research on persistence of Ebola virus: A qualitative study — Kutalek et al., PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
2020
During urban reactive case detection for malaria in Lusaka, dried blood spot sampling was deployed for parasite genetic analysis alongside rapid diagnostic tests. However, high infection complexity and small sample numbers constrained the ability to discern transmission pathways from the genetic data.
The use of spatial and genetic tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2015 — Bridges et al., Malaria journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- serology
- genotyping
2020
Dried blood spots yield accurate HBV-DNA quantification comparable to plasma, with a limit of quantification of 400 IU/mL. The DNA remains stable in dried spots at room temperature for one month, offering a practical solution for remote hepatitis B monitoring in resource-limited settings to guide treatment and prevent mother-to-child transmission.
Combined use of dried blood spot and rapid molecular systems: A robust solution to monitor hepatitis B virus infection with potential for resource-limited countries — Bargain et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
The study found that stimulant users were less likely to complete an at-home dried blood spot collection protocol than other drug users, but it is feasible to conduct decentralised studies with this population. This matters because it supports the use of patient-centric microsampling in high-risk groups for infectious disease monitoring, despite adherence challenges.
Stimulant Use and Study Protocol Completion: Assessing the Ability of Men Who Have Sex with Men to Collect Dried Blood Spots for Laboratory Measurement of HIV Viral Load — Teran et al., Archives of sexual behavior (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2020
This mixed-method study demonstrated that 97% of parents successfully collected dried blood spot samples from their children, with 72% reporting the process was easy and 80% preferring home collection. The results suggest that decentralised self-sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring is feasible and can reduce stress for families managing paediatric epilepsy.
Parents' perspectives on dried blood spot self-sampling from children with epilepsy: A mixed-method study — Linder et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
The study validated dried blood spot cards for detecting rabies virus antibodies in 99 human pre- and post-vaccination samples, finding strong correlation between DBS and serum with the gold-standard FAVNt (R = 0.88) and acceptable sensitivity and specificity with both FAVNt and Platelia-II ELISA, supporting their use for rabies serology in remote areas where venipuncture is impractical.
Dried blood spot cards: A reliable sampling method to detect human antibodies against rabies virus — Doornekamp et al., PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method to measure selumetinib in whole blood collected via VAMS, showing the approach is reliable and stable under various conditions. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring, particularly in paediatric populations where less invasive sampling is beneficial.
Novel LC-MS/MS method for the determination of selumetinib (AZD6244) in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling — Voggu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
The authors developed and validated high-sensitivity LC-MS/MS methods for tranexamic acid quantification in human whole blood, using either liquid samples or dried samples on volumetric absorptive microsampling devices. The methods performed excellently across clinically relevant concentrations, showed stability for up to one month at +50°C, and were validated with clinical samples, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of this antifibrinolytic.
Tranexamic acid quantification in human whole blood using liquid samples or volumetric absorptive microsampling devices — Lamy et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2020
A VAMS method for measuring gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in blood was fully validated, showing linearity from 0.5 to 200 μg/ml and a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 μg/ml. The method compared well with conventional plasma analysis in a patient receiving GHB therapy, suggesting microsampling could support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for this compound.
Development and validation of volumetric absorptive microsampling coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in human blood — Mohamed et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
2020
The hemaPEN device demonstrated acceptable volumetric accuracy and precision for collecting dried blood spots in vitro, with performance unaffected by user training, while observed haematocrit-dependent bias was attributed to the extraction process rather than the device itself.
<i>In vitro</i> testing of the hemaPEN microsampling device for the quantification of acetaminophen in human blood — Sen et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- haematocrit
2020
An LC-MS/MS assay for testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone using Mitra microsampling devices achieved mean recoveries of 102%, 98% and 97% respectively, with limits of quantification of 1–4 nmol/L. This analytical validation demonstrates that volumetric absorptive microsampling can deliver reliable reproductive hormone measurements, supporting its use in decentralised diagnostics.
Quantification of testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in whole blood collected using Mitra microsampling devices — Marshall et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Capillary blood collected by VAMS gave cannabidiol concentrations that agreed strongly with venous plasma (R² 0.93) in five paediatric and young adult patients with Dravet syndrome. This validates VAMS as a less invasive method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabidiol, enabling personalised therapy in refractory epilepsy within decentralised settings.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique to Monitor Cannabidiol Levels in Epilepsy Patients — Dubois et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
AstraZeneca's two case studies showed that reduced pharmacokinetic sampling schedules and composite plasma and dried-blood profiles in patient-centric trials maintained outcomes while lowering burden. This validates decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and haematocrit modelling, but success demands organisational collaboration and accepting that no single device fits all patients.
Giving patients choices: AstraZeneca's evolving approach to patient-centric sampling — Bailey et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dct
- haematocrit
2020
The cobas® Plasma Separation Card demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for HIV viral load from both venous and capillary blood, with misclassification rates under 1% compared with 5.9% for dried blood spots. This enables accurate decentralised HIV monitoring in primary care without requiring plasma centrifugation or cold chain transport.
Accurate HIV viral load measurement in primary health care settings using the cobas® plasma separation card — Vubil et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
In children with epilepsy in remote African settings, dried blood microsampling enabled therapeutic drug monitoring but showed most patients had subtherapeutic antiepileptic drug concentrations. Volumetric absorptive microsampling gave inexplicably higher results than dried blood spots, and drug levels did not correlate with seizure control.
Dried Blood Microsampling-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in Children With Nodding Syndrome and Epilepsy in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo — Velghe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS microsampling devices can quantify IGF-1 by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay after aqueous extraction. The hormone is stable for at least one month at room temperature, and dried blood concentrations match serum after dilution correction, though capillary samples underestimate high serum values, supporting patient-centric, decentralised endocrine monitoring but requiring population-specific reference ranges.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) technology for IGF-1 quantification by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay in dried blood — Marchand et al., Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- hormones
2020
Birth testing for HIV using dried blood spots proved acceptable in Zambia, with low maternal refusal. Yet centralised laboratory testing created operational challenges: result return varied from 51.6% to 92.1% across sites, and linkage to care for infected infants was incomplete, underscoring the need for point-of-care platforms to accelerate diagnosis and treatment.
Acceptability and feasibility of testing for HIV infection at birth and linkage to care in rural and urban Zambia: a cross-sectional study — Sutcliffe et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2020
Capillary whole-blood point-of-care RNA testing and fingerstick dried blood spot sampling were feasible and acceptable for hepatitis C screening in high-risk individuals at social-medical harm reduction sites. Detection rates were comparable across both methods, enabling simplified screening and successful linkage to pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral treatment.
Assessing Molecular Point-of-Care Testing and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis C Virus Screening in People Who Inject Drugs — Chevaliez et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- acceptability
- serology
2020
A survey of 39 kidney transplant recipients found that 85% preferred finger prick microsampling over venepuncture and 95% were interested in home self-sampling, highlighting the potential of decentralised blood collection to reduce patient burden and anxiety.
Kidney transplant recipient's perceptions of blood testing through microsampling and venepuncture — Scuderi et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
2020
The authors developed and validated a volumetric absorptive microsampling assay for vancomycin in whole blood that is suitable for paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancomycin remained stable in dried VAMS samples for at least 160 days at -78°C, enabling reliable quantification in clinical studies using minimal blood volumes.
A whole blood microsampling assay for vancomycin: development, validation and application for pediatric clinical study — Moorthy et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
This workshop report provides recommendations on blood sampling sites, bridging study design, and statistical methods for correlation to support the adoption of microsampling in patient-centric drug development. It emphasises the critical need for away-from-clinic sampling techniques to maintain patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Land O'Lakes Workshop on Microsampling: Enabling Broader Adoption — Wickremsinhe et al., The AAPS journal
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- dct
- standards
2020
The study found reasonable agreement between finger-prick dried blood spot CRP measurements and venous reference assays in 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients, particularly at low to mid-range CRP values, and showed that weekly self-collected DBS CRP monitoring improved flare detection specificity to 72.7% compared with 54.5% for minimal sampling, supporting decentralised microsampling for remote arthritis management.
Assessment of a dried blood spot C-reactive protein method to identify disease flares in rheumatoid arthritis patients — D'Cruz et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- rpm
- multimodal
2020
Capiau et al. developed and validated a VAMS method for cobalt quantitation in whole blood from metal-on-metal prosthesis patients. The method proved accurate (bias ≤4%) and precise (RSD ≤5%), was unaffected by haematocrit, and showed a 0.99 correlation to liquid venous samples; 87% of results satisfied Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia criteria, enabling home-based monitoring of implant wear.
Development, validation and application of an inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry method to determine cobalt in metal-on-metal prosthesis patients using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Capiau et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2020
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provides accurate quantification of 16 anti-epileptic drugs within two days of collection, showing less than ten percent deviation from conventional serum sampling and no haematocrit effect across the clinical range. This supports home-based therapeutic drug monitoring for epilepsy patients, though temperature-sensitive drugs require careful storage.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs - a clinical verification of volumetric absorptive micro sampling — Canisius et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- haematocrit
2020
A VAMS method for 14 antidepressants, antipsychotics and active metabolites was validated on HPLC-MS and conversion factors from capillary blood to plasma were derived from 49 patient samples using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analysis, enabling routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
Validation and clinical application of a volumetric absorptive microsampling method for 14 psychiatric drugs — Stern et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2020
The study developed and validated a LC-HRMS method for intact IGF-I from VAMS dried blood according to World Anti-Doping Agency requirements and showed agreement with serum measurements, supporting decentralised sampling for antidoping testing.
Use of capillary dried blood for quantification of intact IGF-I by LC-HRMS for antidoping analysis — Mongongu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- doping
2020
A multiplex LC-MS/MS method for dried plasma spots was fully validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity and sensitivity across seven antipsychotics, with limits of quantification ranging from 0.12 to 5.70 µg/L; this enables convenient therapeutic drug monitoring from a simple dried sample.
Multiplexed therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics in dried plasma spots by LC-MS/MS — Ruggiero et al., Journal of separation science (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- validation
- tdm
2020
Capillary blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated non-significant differences in cannabidiol concentrations compared to venous blood and plasma in pediatric patients treated with Epidiolex. The method requires 30 µL of sample, achieves linear quantification between 1 and 800 µg/L, and ensures analyte stability on VAMS devices for up to four weeks at room temperature.
Cannabidiol Determination on Peripheral Capillary Blood Using a Microsampling Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with On-Line Sample Preparation — Pigliasco et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Capillary volumetric dried blood microsampling with hemaPEN provides a patient friendly way to obtain multiple identical samples for LC-MS/MS analysis of CNS drugs and metabolites, with satisfactory validation metrics and practical advantages for storage and extraction, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Assessment of capillary volumetric blood microsampling for the analysis of central nervous system drugs and metabolites — Protti et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- volumetric
- tdm
2020
The Mitra microsampling device showed high clinical concordance with venous blood for tacrolimus (89%) and cyclosporin A (98%) monitoring, with inter- and intra-precision within 11.5% CV and samples stable for up to 7 days at room temperature. Transplant patients preferred collecting capillary samples at home for their immunosuppressant monitoring, supporting decentralised TDM.
Volumetric Microsampling of Capillary Blood Spot vs Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A: Accuracy and Patient Satisfaction — Mbughuni et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2020
The authors developed two simple methods to calculate haematocrit from VAMS samples using potassium content, one with aqueous extraction and one with organic extraction, both designed to integrate with existing VAMS assays so that whole-blood results can be converted to serum or plasma values and compared with therapeutic intervals.
Hematocrit prediction in volumetric absorptive microsamples — Capiau & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
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