The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 401–500 of 757 labelled “validation”, newest first.
2022
The study established reference intervals for TSH in dried blood spots for both adults and neonates and defined a quantitative relationship between DBS and serum TSH levels. This allows DBS to be used as a viable, patient-centric alternative to venepuncture for thyroid function monitoring, particularly where venous sampling is difficult.
Adult and neonate TSH blood spot reference intervals — Morris et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2022
A dissolvable wipe with DESS solution captured stool for metagenomics with high species-level agreement to frozen storage, R2 0.96, preserved Shannon diversity and species richness, and performed comparably to a commercial preservation kit, R2 0.98, enabling stable room temperature collection and transport for decentralised sampling.
A Wipe-Based Stool Collection and Preservation Kit for Microbiome Community Profiling — Hua et al., Frontiers in immunology
- stabilised
- self-collection
- microbiome
- stool
- validation
2022
Saliva collected using the ORAcollect device demonstrated high specificity and negative predictive value for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR, with some positive results suggesting an earlier detection window than nasopharyngeal swabs. Conversely, the evaluated rapid antigen tests showed unacceptably low sensitivity for screening purposes.
Evaluation of Saliva as a Matrix for RT-PCR Analysis and Two Rapid Antigen Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 — De Meyer et al., Viruses
- serology
- dna-genotek-oracollect
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2022
Clinical validation for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid monitoring showed that while volumetric absorptive microsampling met analytical criteria after concentration correction, conventional dried blood spots achieved superior adherence to strict clinical criteria, sample quality, and cost efficiency without significant haematocrit bias.
Comparison of conventional dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid determination — Paniagua-González et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- economics
- haematocrit
2022
Validated a dried blood spot assay for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid therapeutic drug monitoring and creatinine-based kidney function in kidney transplant recipients. DBS showed excellent agreement with venous sampling for tacrolimus trough and AUC, adequate agreement for creatinine-based GFR trend monitoring, but suboptimal agreement for mycophenolic acid AUC and inadequate performance for iohexol-based GFR. VAMS was generally inferior. This enables remote, simultaneous immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatients, reducing clinic visits.
Volumetric microsampling for simultaneous remote immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatient kidney transplant recipients — Zwart et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
Home-collected first-void urine testing for high-risk HPV showed sensitivity equivalent to clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+ and CIN3, but with marginally lower specificity. This supports urine self-sampling as a viable decentralised screening method to improve coverage among unscreened women.
Analytical and clinical performance of extended HPV genotyping with BD Onclarity HPV Assay in home-collected first-void urine: A diagnostic test accuracy study — Van Keer et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2022
The dried blood spot method via fingerprick showed greater variability than venipuncture for antipsychotic drug concentrations but was feasible in children and adolescents with behavioural problems, and higher risperidone trough concentrations correlated with both increased weight gain and greater effectiveness, enabling definition of a therapeutic window for safer dosing in this population.
[Improving the safety of antipsychotic drugs in children and adolescents by antipsychotic drug concentration measurements using a fingerprick] — Kloosterboer et al., Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
The pilot study provided evidence that a dry-stored, self-collected vaginal swab could assist detection of Chlamydia trachomatis when compared with clinician-collected discharge, first-catch urine and blood serology, potentially reducing privacy barriers and removing cold-chain requirements for screening in remote areas.
A pilot clinical validation study of a self-collected vaginal swab device for the detection of <i>chlamydia trachomatis</i> in women — Muljadi et al., Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2022
A self-collection saliva funnel paired with CRISPR-Cas12a detection achieved 96.86% diagnostic accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 in 578 asymptomatic participants, showing decentralised active case finding is feasible for surveillance in low-resource settings.
COVID-19 active case findings based on self-collected saliva samples with CRISPR-Cas12a detection — Chantaravisoot et al., Experimental biology and medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
This validation study demonstrated that pooled ddPCR detected SARS-CoV-2 in groups of 34 samples even when the sole positive specimen had a CT value up to 30. The approach can use saliva collected by patients themselves, which lessens risk to staff, and simple heat extraction cuts reagent costs, supporting decentralised screening programmes.
Practical considerations to establish a validated platform for pooled detection of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR — Heckel et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva and mid-turbinate nasal swabs showed greater than 95 per cent positive agreement with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in children when collected within ten days of symptom onset, dropping to 82 per cent for later or asymptomatic cases. This validates less invasive, patient-centric sampling for decentralised diagnostics in pediatric populations.
Comparison of Mid-turbinate Nasal Swabs, Saliva, and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing in Pediatric Outpatients — Vos et al., Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Self collected saliva samples showed lower sensitivity (24.4 per cent) than conventional nasopharynx oropharynx swabs for COVID-19 RT-PCR detection, indicating limited utility for decentralised diagnostics without further optimisation.
Conventional Naso-Oropharyngeal Sampling Versus Self-Collected Saliva Samples in COVID-19 Testing — Bidkar et al., Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2022
Self-collected saliva on cotton showed substantial agreement with nasopharyngeal sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2, achieving a kappa of 0.79. This supports decentralised screening in resource-limited settings without requiring trained staff.
Alternative SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol from self-collected saliva for mass diagnosis and epidemiological studies in low-incoming regions — de Oliveira et al., Journal of virological methods
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
In 1580 paired samples from children aged 3–17 years, saliva self-collection detected SARS-CoV-2 with 84.6% sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, and identified eight infections missed by swabs alone. This less invasive approach offers a feasible alternative for decentralised diagnosis of COVID-19 in paediatric populations.
Salivary testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population: a diagnostic accuracy study — Hua et al., CMAJ open
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva showed moderate sensitivity of 84.8% and high specificity of 98.2% for COVID-19 RT-PCR, with higher accuracy in symptomatic individuals. This supports saliva as a convenient, resource-sparing alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for decentralised infectious-disease screening.
The diagnostic accuracy of RT-PCR from self-collected saliva versus nasopharyngeal sampling: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Kim et al., Saudi medical journal
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Saliva microsampling by self-collection at home, returned by mail without refrigeration, achieved 95.8% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity for anti-spike IgG at 2-4 weeks after PCR diagnosis, matching serum test performance. This patient-centric approach offers a scalable framework for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance, with multiplex testing for endemic coronaviruses to flag samples needing retest.
Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 serology using at-home collection kits returned via mail — Campbell et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Most of the 16 endothelial and immune activation biomarkers remained stable when stored as dried blood spots at refrigeration temperature for up to three months, and storage at -80°C offered no clear advantage over -20°C for venous plasma aliquots; these practical storage conditions enable host biomarker testing in resource-limited and remote settings.
Practical Methods to Permit the Analysis of Host Biomarkers in Resource-Limited Settings — Chandna et al., The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2022
A validated LC-MS/MS assay for furosemide in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling (10 µL) showed stability for 161 days when stored dried at -78°C, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates and children.
A whole blood microsampling furosemide assay: development, validation and use in a pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Bamat et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
The study found that acetylsalicylic acid recovered poorly from VAMS blood samples dried at room temperature, reaching only about 31% of the concentration measured in venous control samples, but humidity-controlled drying raised recovery above 85%. A household vacuum sealer achieved adequate humidity control at home, supporting the feasibility of decentralised, patient-centric blood sampling for acetylsalicylic acid monitoring.
Stability of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood collected using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) under various drying conditions — Moon et al., Translational and clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- dct
2022
LC-MS/MS assays successfully validated the quantitation of giredestrant in dried whole blood across 1 to 1000 ng/ml using Mitra and Tasso-M20 microsampling devices. Quantitation was unaffected by haematocrit, hyperlipidaemia or anticoagulants, with ambient stability documented for 84 days on Mitra and 28 days on Tasso-M20.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling-LC-MS/MS assays for quantitation of giredestrant in dried human whole blood — Johnson et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
Direct RT-PCR testing of raw saliva by two assays showed strong agreement with nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 615 symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, with 51 of 52 TaqPath-positive saliva samples also positive by a second saliva assay and 49 concordant results against the swab-based reference, supporting saliva self-collection as a scalable, noninvasive alternative for population-scale diagnostic testing.
Clinical Performance of Direct RT-PCR Testing of Raw Saliva for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals — Castillo-Bravo et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva swabs showed 84.5% agreement with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR within seven days of symptom onset, and almost 500,000 saliva RT-PCR tests were performed on staff in quarantine hotels with a 0.004% positivity rate, supporting frequent, tolerable surveillance testing in high-risk settings.
Surveillance testing using salivary RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in managed quarantine facilities in Australia: A laboratory validation and implementation study — Jenney et al., The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Among three home-use capillary HbA1c tests, only Home Access approached acceptable accuracy with 82% of results within 5% of venous reference values, while CoreMedica and A1cNow+ achieved just 29% and 46% respectively, all falling short of the 90% standard. This demonstrates that most current home-use glycaemic tests lack the accuracy needed for reliable decentralised diabetes monitoring.
Accuracy of Three Commercial Home-Use Hemoglobin A1c Tests — Jacobsen et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
Neoteryx Mitra sticks and Noviplex cards agreed more closely with venous plasma and gave more repeatable N-glycoprofiling results than dried blood spots, with relative deviance from plasma of 0.092 and 0.069 respectively compared with 0.674 for dried blood spots, and coefficient of variation values of 7.098 per cent and 4.831 per cent against 14.305 per cent for dried blood spots. The findings support these self-sampling devices for decentralised glycoanalysis, though the authors call for larger cohort validation.
Comparison of self-sampling blood collection for N-glycosylation analysis — Cvetko et al., BMC research notes
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
In a Senegalese validation study of 192 infant samples, the Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 Detect point-of-care assays showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 detection with both dried blood spots and whole blood, achieving perfect agreement with reference laboratory methods. This supports decentralised early infant diagnosis in resource-limited settings, reducing turnaround time and improving linkage to care.
Validation of the point-of-care (POC) technologies Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 detect for early diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Senegal — Ndoye et al., The Pan African medical journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Dried blood spot sampling achieved 99% overall assay accuracy with sensitivities from 87.5% to 100% and specificities above 99.2% across vulnerable remote, occupational and clinical groups, enabling decentralised HCV diagnosis with virtually painless capillary collection.
Feasibility of dried blood spot for hepatitis C diagnosis in vulnerable subjects and people living in remote areas from Brazil — Villar et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2022
A bean extract-based gargle solution for saliva collection, paired with rapid antigen tests, achieved 97.8 per cent sensitivity and 100 per cent specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in patients within six days of illness, matching the performance of RT-PCR on the same gargle specimens and detecting all asymptomatic cases. The method supports noninvasive self-collected COVID-19 screening as an alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs.
Bean Extract-Based Gargle for Efficient Diagnosis of Active COVID-19 Infection Using Rapid Antigen Tests — Kwon et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2022
The SSf-COVID19 kit using self-collected saliva showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting SARS-CoV-2, making it a reliable option for decentralised diagnostics. This supports the use of patient-centric microsampling in clinical settings where access to phlebotomy or nasopharyngeal swabbing is limited.
Clinical application of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device and SSf-COVID19 kit for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection — Oh et al., BMC research notes
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Paired saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples from 299 individuals in Nigeria showed 67% positive agreement and 97% negative agreement for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR detection, with positive and negative predictive values of 69% and 96% respectively. The findings support drooling saliva as a self-collectable alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for mass COVID-19 testing, reducing exposure risk and cost while enabling decentralised sampling.
Saliva sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2: A possible alternative for mass testing — Salu et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva had lower sensitivity than pharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 RT-PCR and showed only fair agreement, yet it detected additional positive cases and can be used alongside pharyngeal swabs to increase case detection in decentralised settings.
The role of saliva PCR assay in the diagnosis of COVID-19 — Abdollahi et al., Journal of infection in developing countries (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) using Neoteryx Mitra devices yields equivalent results to conventional serum samples for aflatoxin B1-lysine analysis when samples are digested with sufficient Pronase at 50 °C. This enables reliable public health exposure assessment from self-collected dried blood samples.
Optimization of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Lysine Analysis for Public Health Exposure Studies — Renaud et al., Toxins
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2022
The study found that automating sample preparation for tacrolimus testing on VAMS devices reduced operator time and improved workflow consistency without compromising agreement with manual methods. This supports the scalability of decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring using patient-centric microsampling.
Automation of tacrolimus measurement on volumetric absorptive microsampling devices by tandem mass spectrometry — Carling et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
The hemaPEN device demonstrated linear measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood with acceptable precision and accuracy, and analytes remained stable for seven days within the device. While haematocrit affected accuracy, it stayed within acceptable limits, suggesting the device could improve decentralised toxicology screening compared with conventional dried blood spot collection.
Evaluation of hemaPEN<sup>®</sup> sampling device for measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood by LC-MS/MS — Smidt et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2022
Salivary glucocorticoid concentrations were comparable across Salivette Cortisol, passive drool and SalivaBio collection methods, and remained stable for 72 hours at room temperature and 4 degrees Celsius with no significant degradation after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. In children under six years, the SaliPac pacifier swab was well tolerated and collected sufficient saliva for steroid analysis in under four minutes.
Salivary Steroid Collection in Children Under Conditions Replicating Home Sampling — Tonge et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2022
Dried blood spot sampling achieved high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection with strong correlation to paired serum, enabling virtually painless, decentralised specimen collection in community and remote settings where venepuncture is difficult.
Evaluation of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing from dried blood spots collected from cohorts with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection — Catlett et al., Journal of clinical virology plus
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
A capture ELISA on dried blood spot eluates detected SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM with 97.9% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity compared with serum, showed strong correlation (r=0.81), and remained stable even when samples were deliberately rendered inadequate or accidentally damaged; all vaccine recipients were seropositive, supporting the use of DBS self-sampling for decentralised seroprevalence studies and post-vaccine response monitoring.
Simple, sensitive, specific self-sampling assay secures SARS-CoV-2 antibody signals in sero-prevalence and post-vaccine studies — Khan et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
Dried blood spots collected from 272 community participants were successfully analysed for dengue, scrub typhus and leptospirosis IgG, yielding seroprevalences of 7.0%, 4.0% and 5.9% respectively and providing the first evidence of scrub typhus and leptospirosis transmission in Timor-Leste; DBS offers a practical, decentralised approach for integrated serological surveillance with minimal additional fieldwork costs.
Integrated serological surveillance of acute febrile illness in the context of a lymphatic filariasis survey in Timor-Leste: a pilot study using dried blood spots — Arkell et al., Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2022
The authors validated an LC-MS and LC-MS/MS method for quantifying axitinib from 10 microlitre capillary blood collected by VAMS, demonstrating within- and between-run precision within 14% CV and accuracy between 81 and 116% against plasma as the gold standard, making the approach suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in ambulatory and clinical care.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of axitinib from plasma and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The study developed and validated a UPLC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling to measure cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, achieving lower limits of quantification of 5 ng/mL for cyclophosphamide and 2.5 ng/mL for the metabolite and meeting FDA validation criteria, which supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method with volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantitate cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide — Harahap et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The authors validated a quadratic calibration model for automated UV-Vis-based haematocrit prediction from dried blood spots, achieving bias below 0.025 L L-1 and total precision of 2.7%. In therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus, predicted haematocrit values showed good concordance with reference Sysmex measurements, supporting the use of this patient-centric microsampling approach for decentralised immunosuppressant monitoring.
In-depth evaluation of automated non-contact reflectance-based hematocrit prediction of dried blood spots — Boffel et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2022
A two‑tier decentralised testing strategy using self‑collected saliva pools detected SARS‑CoV‑2 with higher sensitivity than a commercial IVD RT‑qPCR test and enabled identification of asymptomatic cases at lower cost.
RT-qPCR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection in pooled saliva samples for massive population screening to monitor epidemics — Różański et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- economics
- serology
2022
Capillary VAMS combined with direct mercury analysis demonstrated strong correlation with venous blood mercury concentrations in adult volunteers, with acceptable accuracy and precision above 1.0 µg/l. Storage in pre-cleaned glass vials following two hours of desiccator drying maintained analyte stability for at least four weeks.
Mercury biomonitoring in German adults using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Koutsimpani-Wagner et al., Environmental monitoring and assessment
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2022
The LC-MS/MS assay for uracil was validated with good accuracy and precision, and uracil concentrations measured in Tasso-SST capillary serum correlated highly with venous plasma (rs 0.910), indicating that capillary microsampling can reliably identify patients with DPD deficiency for safer fluoropyrimidine dosing.
Evaluation of the Tasso-SST® capillary blood microsampling device for the measurement of endogenous uracil levels — Menestrina Dewes et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- oncology
2022
Finger-prick dried blood spots from 60 individuals provided sufficient sample for chromatographic determination of 20 amino acids, 5 keto acids and 24 fatty acids, with several analytes showing significant gender and age dependencies. This validates home self-collection for metabolic screening as a viable alternative to venous blood draw in decentralised diagnostics.
Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans — Laštovičková et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- metabolome
2022
Saliva self-collected by children within minutes of eating showed reduced SARS-CoV-2 detection for over half of foods tested, but a 20-minute waiting period restored accurate results in nearly all cases. This provides evidence that fasting is unnecessary for decentralised viral testing, offering a practical protocol for home collection.
Food for thought: Eating before saliva collection and interference with SARS-CoV-2 detection — Hernandez et al., Journal of medical virology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Noninvasive salivary measurements of creatinine, cystatin C and urea, and fingerstick capillary blood testing, can approximate gold‑standard laboratory results for kidney function. This could enable more frequent, home‑based monitoring to detect CKD progression and AKI episodes without the burdens of conventional venepuncture and laboratory processing.
Novel monitoring of renal function and medication levels in saliva and capillary blood of patients with kidney disease — Beshay et al., Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
An LC-MS/MS method for dried blood spots simultaneously quantifies four therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and estimates haematocrit from haemoglobin peptides with >0.9 correlation to laboratory values, enabling accurate therapeutic drug monitoring from self-collected samples for decentralised care.
Development of an LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify therapeutic mAbs and estimate hematocrit values in dried blood spot samples — Chiu et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
- haematocrit
2022
Finger-prick VAMS sampling gives results that agree well with venous blood for paracetamol and three of its four metabolites, offering a less burdensome method for pharmacokinetic studies in obese and non-obese patients. Concentrations of APAP-cysteine in dried blood require careful interpretation, as this metabolite showed the largest differences between capillary and venous samples.
Application of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS)-Based Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Four of its Metabolites as a Tool for Pharmacokinetic Studies in Obese and Non-Obese Patients — Boffel et al., Clinical pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2022
Volumetric absorptive microsampling with mass spectrometry correlated well with reference methods for haemoglobin A1c, but imprecision fell short of clinical quality standards. The platform successfully identified haemoglobin variants, indicating promise for decentralised proteomic testing while requiring precision improvements for routine use.
Evaluation of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Mass Spectrometry Data-Independent Acquisition of Hemoglobin-Related Clinical Markers — Lima et al., Journal of proteome research (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biomarkers
2022
A new LC-MS/MS method quantifies four immunosuppressants from one 3.2 mm dried blood spot using cold-induced phase separation, achieving accurate results and favourable interchangeability with a certified whole blood method in 120 paired clinical samples, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Quantification of immunosuppressants from one 3.2 mm dried blood spot by a novel cold-induced phase separation based LC-MS/MS method — Le et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
Saliva shows promise as a patient-friendly alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis, particularly for decentralised testing, though variability in collection and processing methods affects sensitivity. Standardising protocols could improve reliability and support wider use in decentralised diagnostics.
Saliva as an alternative specimen to nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis: Review — McPhillips & MacSharry, Access microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2022
In women with abnormal cervical cytology, self-collected vaginal samples showed substantial agreement with physician-collected samples for HPV detection, particularly for high-risk types 16 and 18. Urine samples yielded moderate agreement but remained effective for high-risk types, suggesting both self-collection methods could support decentralised cervical screening programmes.
Human papillomavirus testing and cytology using physician-collected uterine cervical samples vs. self-collected vaginal samples and urine samples — Terada et al., International journal of clinical oncology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2022
Researchers validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and metabolites from Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, achieving acceptable precision (3.0–8.1% intra-day, 6.3–13.3% inter-day) and accuracy (95–114%). Enabling at-home blood collection for therapeutic drug monitoring could reduce toxicity and improve outcomes in oncology patients by supporting individualised dosing.
Measurement of 5- fluorouracil, capecitabine and its metabolite concentrations in blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling technology and LC-MS/MS — Radovanovic et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
Capillary blood self-sampling achieved 98.3% agreement with venous samples for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and 100% for IgA among 60 participants, demonstrating accuracy for vaccine monitoring. Saliva self-collection proved feasible with excellent usability, offering a patient-centric alternative for decentralised immunogenicity assessment.
Self-collection of capillary blood and saliva to determine COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and health professionals — Schmetzer et al., Frontiers in public health
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
2022
The study validated dried microsampling methods for clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring using VAMS and microfluidic blood spot devices. With extraction yields around 85% and satisfactory precision, these approaches could support decentralised monitoring of psychiatric patients, improving compliance and safety.
Dried Volumetric Microsampling Approaches for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychiatric Patients Undergoing Clozapine Treatment — Marasca et al., Frontiers in psychiatry
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2022
An in-house RT-qPCR primer set demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 compared with WHO and CDC primers across sputum, nasopharyngeal and saliva specimens. Sputum provided the highest sensitivity, while self-collected saliva outperformed oropharyngeal samples, supporting specimen choice as a critical factor for accurate decentralised COVID-19 testing.
Accuracy of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in COVID-19 Patients — Lawrence Panchali et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva and anterior nares swabs showed slightly lower sensitivity than nasopharyngeal swabs but were acceptable alternatives for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance, especially with increased sampling frequency in asymptomatic individuals.
Viral RNA Load and Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Paired Respiratory and Oral Specimens from Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, or Postsymptomatic Individuals — Tallmadge et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Dried blood spots collected by fingerprick at home produced SARS-CoV-2 antibody results comparable to plasma or serum in ELISA and commercial assays, reliably detecting responses months after infection and tracking post-vaccination kinetics in a community survey across 12 cities. This demonstrates that self-collected DBS enable longitudinal serosurveillance without phlebotomy, supporting their use in decentralised diagnostics when venous sampling is impractical.
Development and Implementation of Dried Blood Spot-Based COVID-19 Serological Assays for Epidemiologic Studies — Wong et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
Vaginal self-sampling detected HPV with 94.4% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity against clinician collection, while urine self-sampling achieved 88.8% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity. Both methods yielded high negative predictive values, showing that self-sampling can provide accurate HPV screening in rural settings without clinician involvement.
Role of Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening: Diagnostic Test Properties of Three Tests for the Diagnosis of HPV in Rural Communities of Cuenca, Ecuador — Vega Crespo et al., International journal of environmental research and public health
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2022
The review found saliva to be a non‑invasive, well‑tolerated specimen for SARS‑CoV‑2 detection that enables home self‑sampling, thereby protecting healthcare workers from exposure. It concluded that salivary diagnostics could offer a rapid, cost‑effective approach for early COVID‑19 screening, but further research is needed to establish reliability.
Salivary diagnostics of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) — Michailidou et al., Oral diseases (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected saliva tested with a rapid, connected RT-LAMP assay showed 85.9% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 compared with RT-qPCR, supporting its use for ambulatory screening and enabling connected reporting to health authorities.
Performances of rapid and connected salivary RT-LAMP diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 infection in ambulatory screening — Schneider et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Capillary blood collected at home with the MiniCollect device showed good agreement with venous sampling for HbA1c analysis, supporting remote self-collection as a convenient alternative that maintains clinical performance and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Remote capillary blood collection for HbA<sub>1c</sub> measurement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A laboratory and patient perspective — Groenendijk et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2022
Self-collected dried blood spot samples showed 98.1% categorical agreement with venous serum and professional dried blood spot samples showed 100% agreement, enabling at-home serology with robust shipping stability and interference testing.
Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using dried blood spot for at-home collection — Miesse et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
TB-MBLA testing of OMNIgene-stabilised stool detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis with 80% sensitivity and 79% specificity against sputum culture in 100 adults, offering a viable alternative for patients unable to produce sputum. The RNA-based assay quantified bacterial load, showing higher burdens in HIV-co-infected individuals, while stool cultures suffered 21-26% contamination rates.
High Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillary Loads Detected by Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay in Patient Stool: a Potential Alternative for Nonsputum Diagnosis and Treatment Response Monitoring of Tuberculosis — Musisi et al., Microbiology spectrum
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- serology
2022
The study validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring eight tyrosine kinase inhibitors in dried blood samples collected via VAMS, showing good accuracy, precision and haematocrit independence. It demonstrated agreement with venous sampling, supporting the use of decentralised, patient-centric microsampling for oncology drug monitoring.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as a suitable tool to monitor tyrosine kinase inhibitors — Verougstraete & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
The study validated a method to measure cannabidiol, THC and their metabolites in small blood samples collected via VAMS from epilepsy patients, showing it is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in a decentralised setting using a virtually painless technique.
Cannabidiol, ∆<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol, and metabolites in human blood by volumetric absorptive microsampling and LC-MS/MS following controlled administration in epilepsy patients — Pigliasco et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- toxicology
2022
The online Trier Social Stress Test increased cortisol and alpha amylase, increased arousal and reduced pleasure, with stronger cortisol responses in men and 64 per cent of participants classified as responders, supporting decentralised diagnostics by showing remote saliva sampling can capture stress biomarkers.
Validation of an online version of the trier social stress test in adult men and women — Meier et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
2022
The Tasso SST capillary blood micro-sampling device generated reproducible serum protein measurements, but its concordance with venous samples was analyte-specific: CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and PCT showed strong agreement, while D-dimer, IL-1β and IL-1Ra did not. Self-collection at home with delayed processing led to significant concentration differences for several proteins, underscoring that user proficiency and timely sample handling are critical for decentralised diagnostic applications.
Assessing the use of a micro-sampling device for measuring blood protein levels in healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients — Brandsma et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2022
Self-collected saliva samples detected an extra 12% of SARS-CoV-2 infections that were missed by routine clinician-collected nasopharyngeal swabs, suggesting saliva can improve case finding in contact tracing. Antigen tests agreed well with reference methods only in early symptomatic individuals, indicating that timing and symptom status critically affect test accuracy in decentralised settings.
Limitations of Molecular and Antigen Test Performance for SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Contacts — Robinson et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
In a general population study, self-performed nasal rapid antigen testing demonstrated higher sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 than saliva testing (68.9% versus 46.7%), with both tests showing 99% specificity. The nasal test sensitivity rose to 83.9% when considering viral load thresholds for infectiousness, and participants found both tests easy to perform, supporting decentralised screening strategies while highlighting that saliva-based self-testing is insufficiently reliable for clinical use.
Head-to-head comparison of the accuracy of saliva and nasal rapid antigen SARS-CoV-2 self-testing: cross-sectional study — Schuit et al., BMC medicine
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
Self-collected vaginal and first-void urine samples achieved substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for HPV detection using the BD Onclarity™ assay, with vaginal samples showing 95.3% overall positive agreement (kappa 0.890) and urine samples 90.6% agreement (kappa 0.776) when no clinical cut-off was applied. This supports decentralised, patient-centric cervical screening programmes.
Evaluation of BD Onclarity™ HPV Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and First-Void Urine Samples as Compared to Clinician-Collected Cervical Samples: A Pilot Study — Martinelli et al., Diagnostics
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2022
Saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2 achieved 88% sensitivity and 92% specificity against nasopharyngeal swabbing in a meta-analysis of 16 studies. This level of accuracy supports patient self-collection and decentralised screening in outpatient and community settings.
The diagnostic accuracy of saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Atieh et al., Oral diseases (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2022
A validated VAMS method quantified ten kinase inhibitors from 20 µL dried capillary blood with linearity (R² 0.994) and six-week room-temperature stability. In vitro VAMS-to-plasma conversion factors were established, and the method proved applicable for clinical routine and home self-collection by patients, enabling remote therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the quantification of ten kinase inhibitors and determination of their in vitro VAMS-to-plasma ratio — Zimmermann et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
LC-MS/MS assay validation for monitoring tacrolimus and creatinine in renal transplant patients demonstrated that volumetric absorptive microsampling is the preferred single-sampling approach compared to traditional dried blood spots and venous sampling.
Analytical and clinical validation of dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling for measurement of tacrolimus and creatinine after renal transplantation — Mathew et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
Generic saliva self-collection devices enabled safe unsupervised home sampling that yielded adequate quantity and quality for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene detection, with stability maintained after temperature cycling to simulate summer and winter shipping. This supports a patient-centric decentralised approach to infectious-disease screening without requiring healthcare professionals.
Evaluation of saliva self-collection devices for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics — Allicock et al., BMC infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2021
The honest counterpoint in children: VAMS predicted plasma vancomycin only modestly, venous/arterial VAMS was more accurate than capillary, and 29% of capillary samples were unusable for collection issues: collection technique and training matter as much as the assay.
Comparison of antibiotic sampling techniques: predicting plasma vancomycin from VAMS capillary versus venous/arterial whole blood — Downes et al., Open Forum Infect. Dis.
- vams
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2021
This review found that decentralised, patient-centric home microsampling using Mitra devices is an effective alternative for COVID-19 serosurveillance and clinical trials, enabling high-quality self-collection without clinic visits.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling: its use in COVID-19 research and testing — Rudge, Bioanalysis
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- serology
- self-collection
- validation
2021
A review of VAMS and DBS microsampling for TDM of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, adalimumab, infliximab and others, in inflammatory disease: a convenient, home-friendly alternative to venepuncture that can preserve analytical accuracy, subject to assay-specific validation.
The evolving role of microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory diseases — Mingas et al., Molecules
- vams
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2021
Four dried urine spots across a day matched a 24-hour liquid collection for 17 reproductive hormones and metabolites, with intraclass correlations above 0.90.
Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites — Newman & Curran, BMC Chemistry
- metabolome
- dried
- steroids
- fertility
- hormones
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2021
An ambient-temperature DNA Genotek device recovered 94.5% of the metabolites seen in flash-frozen aliquots with strong agreement: room-temperature stabilisation can stand in for immediate freezing.
An ambient-temperature stabilisation device performs comparably to flash-frozen collection for stool metabolomics in infants — Ramamoorthy et al., BMC Microbiology
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- metabolome
- validation
- pediatric
2021
High-risk HPV testing on first-void urine self-collected with Colli-Pee was about as sensitive, relative sensitivity 0.95, and specific for CIN2+ as clinician-taken cervical samples, supporting standardised first-void urine as a valid screening matrix.
Clinical and analytical evaluation of high-risk HPV testing on Colli-Pee first-void urine using the VALHUDES protocol — Van Keer et al., Gynecologic Oncology (paywalled)
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2021
Capillary blood collected in BD Microtainer tubes remained stable for up to 12 days at room temperature and gave accurate HbA1c results when posted back, with high return rates and patient willingness to reuse the system.
Validation and feasibility of a postal system for remote monitoring of HbA1c — Cross et al., BMJ open diabetes research & care
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
2021
Fingerstick plasma collected in Microtainer tubes showed 100% concordance with matched venous plasma on the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, n=109. Fingerstick dried blood spots found high concordance with venous samples, n=61, supporting these microsampling methods for decentralised serology.
Expanding access to SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM serologic testing using fingerstick whole blood, plasma, and rapid lateral flow assays — Anderson et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- dbs
- bd-microtainer
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
OMNIgene·GUT stabilised stool gave detectable total bile acid concentrations but differed significantly from snap frozen samples; however, relative concentrations of cholanic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids correlated well with a 30 per cent acceptability bias, supporting its use for decentralised bile acid profiling.
Fitness for purpose of stabilized stool samples for bile acid metabolite analyses — Neuberger-Castillo et al., Scientific reports
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- metabolome
2021
A study of 39 paediatric transplant recipients found capillary VAMS microsampling agreed closely with venous sampling for tacrolimus, with 92% of predose and 88% of postdose pairs within ±20% difference. Although sampling was performed in-clinic rather than at home, VAMS shows feasibility for patient-centric, decentralised monitoring.
Tacrolimus Measured in Capillary Volumetric Microsamples in Pediatric Patients-A Cross-Validation Study — Kindem et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
Alpha diversity metrics and relative abundances of major bacterial phyla remained stable across storage at 4 °C for up to 96 h, with the greatest compositional change occurring in the first 24 h; inter-individual differences outweighed storage effects, supporting robust decentralised self-collection of stool for microbiome analysis.
Assessing the impact of storage time on the stability of stool microbiota richness, diversity, and composition — Holzhausen et al., Gut pathogens
- self-collection
- microbiome
- stool
- validation
2021
DNA extraction methods explained 5.7% of microbiome variability, nearly as much as interindividual differences (7.4%), while collection methods had minimal impact. The choice of kit significantly skewed recovery of Gram-positive bacteria and enterotype distribution, underscoring the need for standardisation in decentralised stool sampling for clinical research.
Quantifying technical confounders in microbiome studies — Bartolomaeus et al., Cardiovascular research (paywalled)
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- microbiome
2021
Capillary blood self‑collection with the Tasso‑SST device succeeded in over 93 % of attempts and produced SARS‑CoV‑2 IgG results that agreed closely with venous blood, maintaining 98.9 % overall accuracy after simulated summer and winter shipping. This supports reliable, decentralised serology testing without medical supervision.
Self-collection of capillary blood using Tasso-SST devices for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing — Hendelman et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Delahaye et al reviewed dried-blood microsampling devices for home therapeutic drug monitoring, concluding that while patient willingness and feasibility have been demonstrated, clinical adoption remains limited. They emphasised that more extensive analytical and clinical evaluation is essential to prove real-world utility and enable routine integration.
Alternative Sampling Devices to Collect Dried Blood Microsamples: State-of-the-Art — Delahaye et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- volumetric
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- economics
- haematocrit
2021
A Simoa immunoassay detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in venous and capillary blood and saliva with 98% negative and 90% positive agreement versus molecular testing across symptomatic, asymptomatic and pre‑symptomatic PCR‑positive individuals in days 1–7; N‑protein levels fell as spike‑IgG rose and correlated with saliva RT‑PCR Ct values and between matched saliva and capillary samples, enabling non‑invasive, swab‑independent sample collection for at‑home or point‑of‑care use.
N-protein presents early in blood, dried blood and saliva during asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection — Shan et al., Nature communications
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Capillary whole blood samples yielded comparable results to venous plasma for HbA1c, lipid profile and liver function tests after three days at ambient temperature, and a pilot home-collection kit was found to have good patient usability. This model could enable decentralised monitoring of chronic disease patients during virtual clinics, mitigating infection risk.
The use of whole blood capillary samples to measure 15 analytes for a home-collect biochemistry service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A proposed model from North West London Pathology — Ansari et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2021
Two home-use capillary blood collection kits for HbA1c measurement produced results within 5% of venous values for 96% to 99% of samples across different shipping conditions. The kits were easy to use and yielded comparable results to venous specimens for both paediatric and adult participants, supporting their use in decentralised clinical research and care.
An Evaluation of Two Capillary Sample Collection Kits for Laboratory Measurement of HbA1c — Beck et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2021
Comparison of six stool collection methods in healthy volunteers found OMNIgene Gut, FOBT cards, RNAlater and Microlution were reliable for metagenomics, whereas 95% ethanol best preserved metabolite profiles; the authors recommend using separate collection methods for different analytical aims in large population studies.
Comparison of Fecal Collection Methods on Variation in Gut Metagenomics and Untargeted Metabolomics — Guan et al., mSphere
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- microbiome
- metabolome
2021
WHotLAMP detected SARS-CoV-2 in saliva with sensitivity down to approximately four viral particles per microlitre. The test is inexpensive, requires no toxic chemicals or specialised equipment, and can be performed in point-of-care settings or adapted for home use, enabling frequent screening for outbreak control.
WHotLAMP: A simple, inexpensive, and sensitive molecular test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva — Ng et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
A laboratory-developed RT-PCR test using self-collected saliva specimens achieved 75% sensitivity and 98% specificity compared with nasopharyngeal swab methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Saliva samples showed cycle threshold values 4.7 cycles higher than nasopharyngeal specimens, confirming that viral loads are detectable albeit lower, which supports saliva as a viable alternative sample type for decentralised diagnostics.
Performance Accuracy of a Laboratory-Developed Real-Time RT-PCR Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Self-Collected Saliva Specimens — Hata et al., Annals of clinical and laboratory science (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
In women with ASC-US, first-void urine hrHPV testing showed substantial overall concordance with cervical testing (simple concordance 90.8%, Kappa 0.765) and almost perfect concordance for HPV16/18 (98.8%, Kappa 0.840), supporting its use as a decentralised alternative to cervical sampling.
Comparison between Urine and Cervical High-Risk HPV Tests for Japanese Women with ASC-US — Yamazaki et al., Diagnostics
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
2021
Microsampling enables remote, contactless self-collection for Covid-19 serology and therapeutic drug monitoring, reducing infection risk and clinical staff burden while maintaining accuracy through validated assays. This supports decentralised clinical trials and population-level surveillance during a pandemic.
Microsampling: A role to play in Covid-19 diagnosis, surveillance, treatment and clinical trials — Rajadhyaksha & Londhe, Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- dct
- serology
2021
The authors validated a VAMS method for hydroxychloroquine that meets FDA bioanalytical standards, achieving a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/mL. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for patients on long-term therapy, enabling microsampling at home rather than venous draws in clinics.
Development and Validation of the Quantification Method for Hydroxychloroquine in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array — Harahap et al., Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
2021
The study validated UPLC-MS/MS methods for both dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantify tamoxifen and three metabolites in breast cancer patients, finding that VAMS extraction recovery was slightly higher than DBS while both showed satisfactory recovery with low variability, samples were stable for two months, and mean patient concentrations did not differ significantly between the two methods. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of tamoxifen using either microsampling format.
Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites in dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling: comparison and clinical application — Maggadani et al., Heliyon
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2021
A microfluidic DBS device using hydrophobic burst valves meters 5-15 μL blood accurately across 25-70% haematocrit and, in a therapeutic drug monitoring validation with adalimumab-spiked samples, achieves higher recovery than traditional DBS (86% versus 62%), supporting precise home or low-resource sampling.
Precise sample metering method by coordinated burst action of hydrophobic burst valves applied to dried blood spot collection — Vloemans et al., Lab on a chip (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
- haematocrit
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