The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 401–500 of 541 labelled “dried”, newest first.
2020
A direct DUS-versus-VAMS comparison for 13 steroids on the same urine: VAMS gave better precision and recovery and superior one-year room-temperature stability.
Dried urine microsampling coupled to LC-MS/MS for the analysis of unconjugated anabolic-androgenic steroids — Protti et al., Molecules
- vams
- volumetric
- doping
- dried
- steroids
- toxicology
- hormones
- urine
- validation
2020
Urine VAMS quantified doxycycline with 96–106% accuracy and 31-day room-temperature stability, supporting cold-chain-free adherence monitoring.
A validated VAMS-LC-MS/MS method to quantify doxycycline in urine: monitoring malaria-chemoprophylaxis compliance — Penot, Linard & Taudon, J. Analytical Methods in Chemistry
- vams
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- urine
- validation
2020
Dried blood spots collected serially from 763 female adolescent and young adult cancer survivors for up to 18 months revealed that anti-Müllerian hormone trajectories vary markedly by treatment gonadotoxicity and age at diagnosis. This establishes patient-centric microsampling as a viable method for longitudinal fertility assessment in decentralised oncology follow-up care.
Modeling Variation in the Reproductive Lifespan of Female Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Using AMH — Su et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Finger-stick dried blood spots from 191 young women yielded anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the normal range (mean 5.66 ng/mL) and were deemed acceptable, with 81 per cent comfortable with collection and 88 per cent willing to repeat it. This supports feasibility of decentralised reproductive health studies, though validation against gold-standard measures remains necessary.
A pilot study for exploring blood spot anti-mullerian hormone for population-based adolescent reproductive health research — Hall et al., Frontiers in women's health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Home dried blood spot monitoring for maple syrup urine disease raised the proportion of leucine concentrations meeting therapeutic targets by 35 per cent. More frequent self-sampling at home was associated with better biochemical control in newborns and fewer hospital visits, showing that patient-centric microsampling can improve management of inherited metabolic disorders.
The utility of dried blood spot monitoring of branched-chain amino acids for maple syrup urine disease: A retrospective chart review study — Kaur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
2020
A targeted NGS panel using dried blood spots achieved 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing in detecting pathogenic variants across 32 samples, with average coverage of 596X. This validates microsampling for decentralised newborn screening programmes, enabling accurate genetic diagnosis from minimally invasive specimens.
A targeted gene capture next-generation sequencing panel for genetic screening of newborns — Peng et al., JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- genotyping
2020
Home-collected dried blood spots from 143 infants aged 8-14 months revealed wide variation in total cholesterol (4.1 mmol/L, range 2.3-6.6) and glycated haemoglobin (4.9%, range 3.7-6.0). Infant cholesterol correlated with macronutrient intake and maternal cholesterol, supporting decentralised paediatric screening.
Infant cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin concentrations vary widely-Associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers — Øyri et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2020
During urban reactive case detection for malaria in Lusaka, dried blood spot sampling was deployed for parasite genetic analysis alongside rapid diagnostic tests. However, high infection complexity and small sample numbers constrained the ability to discern transmission pathways from the genetic data.
The use of spatial and genetic tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2015 — Bridges et al., Malaria journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- serology
- genotyping
2020
Dried blood spots yield accurate HBV-DNA quantification comparable to plasma, with a limit of quantification of 400 IU/mL. The DNA remains stable in dried spots at room temperature for one month, offering a practical solution for remote hepatitis B monitoring in resource-limited settings to guide treatment and prevent mother-to-child transmission.
Combined use of dried blood spot and rapid molecular systems: A robust solution to monitor hepatitis B virus infection with potential for resource-limited countries — Bargain et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
The study found that stimulant users were less likely to complete an at-home dried blood spot collection protocol than other drug users, but it is feasible to conduct decentralised studies with this population. This matters because it supports the use of patient-centric microsampling in high-risk groups for infectious disease monitoring, despite adherence challenges.
Stimulant Use and Study Protocol Completion: Assessing the Ability of Men Who Have Sex with Men to Collect Dried Blood Spots for Laboratory Measurement of HIV Viral Load — Teran et al., Archives of sexual behavior (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2020
This mixed-method study demonstrated that 97% of parents successfully collected dried blood spot samples from their children, with 72% reporting the process was easy and 80% preferring home collection. The results suggest that decentralised self-sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring is feasible and can reduce stress for families managing paediatric epilepsy.
Parents' perspectives on dried blood spot self-sampling from children with epilepsy: A mixed-method study — Linder et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
The study validated dried blood spot cards for detecting rabies virus antibodies in 99 human pre- and post-vaccination samples, finding strong correlation between DBS and serum with the gold-standard FAVNt (R = 0.88) and acceptable sensitivity and specificity with both FAVNt and Platelia-II ELISA, supporting their use for rabies serology in remote areas where venipuncture is impractical.
Dried blood spot cards: A reliable sampling method to detect human antibodies against rabies virus — Doornekamp et al., PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method to measure selumetinib in whole blood collected via VAMS, showing the approach is reliable and stable under various conditions. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring, particularly in paediatric populations where less invasive sampling is beneficial.
Novel LC-MS/MS method for the determination of selumetinib (AZD6244) in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling — Voggu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
The authors developed and validated high-sensitivity LC-MS/MS methods for tranexamic acid quantification in human whole blood, using either liquid samples or dried samples on volumetric absorptive microsampling devices. The methods performed excellently across clinically relevant concentrations, showed stability for up to one month at +50°C, and were validated with clinical samples, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of this antifibrinolytic.
Tranexamic acid quantification in human whole blood using liquid samples or volumetric absorptive microsampling devices — Lamy et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2020
A VAMS method for measuring gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in blood was fully validated, showing linearity from 0.5 to 200 μg/ml and a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 μg/ml. The method compared well with conventional plasma analysis in a patient receiving GHB therapy, suggesting microsampling could support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring for this compound.
Development and validation of volumetric absorptive microsampling coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in human blood — Mohamed et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
2020
The hemaPEN device demonstrated acceptable volumetric accuracy and precision for collecting dried blood spots in vitro, with performance unaffected by user training, while observed haematocrit-dependent bias was attributed to the extraction process rather than the device itself.
<i>In vitro</i> testing of the hemaPEN microsampling device for the quantification of acetaminophen in human blood — Sen et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- haematocrit
2020
An LC-MS/MS assay for testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone using Mitra microsampling devices achieved mean recoveries of 102%, 98% and 97% respectively, with limits of quantification of 1–4 nmol/L. This analytical validation demonstrates that volumetric absorptive microsampling can deliver reliable reproductive hormone measurements, supporting its use in decentralised diagnostics.
Quantification of testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in whole blood collected using Mitra microsampling devices — Marshall et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- fertility
- hormones
2020
Capillary blood collected by VAMS gave cannabidiol concentrations that agreed strongly with venous plasma (R² 0.93) in five paediatric and young adult patients with Dravet syndrome. This validates VAMS as a less invasive method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabidiol, enabling personalised therapy in refractory epilepsy within decentralised settings.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique to Monitor Cannabidiol Levels in Epilepsy Patients — Dubois et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
AstraZeneca's two case studies showed that reduced pharmacokinetic sampling schedules and composite plasma and dried-blood profiles in patient-centric trials maintained outcomes while lowering burden. This validates decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and haematocrit modelling, but success demands organisational collaboration and accepting that no single device fits all patients.
Giving patients choices: AstraZeneca's evolving approach to patient-centric sampling — Bailey et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dct
- haematocrit
2020
The cobas® Plasma Separation Card demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for HIV viral load from both venous and capillary blood, with misclassification rates under 1% compared with 5.9% for dried blood spots. This enables accurate decentralised HIV monitoring in primary care without requiring plasma centrifugation or cold chain transport.
Accurate HIV viral load measurement in primary health care settings using the cobas® plasma separation card — Vubil et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
In children with epilepsy in remote African settings, dried blood microsampling enabled therapeutic drug monitoring but showed most patients had subtherapeutic antiepileptic drug concentrations. Volumetric absorptive microsampling gave inexplicably higher results than dried blood spots, and drug levels did not correlate with seizure control.
Dried Blood Microsampling-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in Children With Nodding Syndrome and Epilepsy in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo — Velghe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS microsampling devices can quantify IGF-1 by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay after aqueous extraction. The hormone is stable for at least one month at room temperature, and dried blood concentrations match serum after dilution correction, though capillary samples underestimate high serum values, supporting patient-centric, decentralised endocrine monitoring but requiring population-specific reference ranges.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) technology for IGF-1 quantification by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay in dried blood — Marchand et al., Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- hormones
2020
Birth testing for HIV using dried blood spots proved acceptable in Zambia, with low maternal refusal. Yet centralised laboratory testing created operational challenges: result return varied from 51.6% to 92.1% across sites, and linkage to care for infected infants was incomplete, underscoring the need for point-of-care platforms to accelerate diagnosis and treatment.
Acceptability and feasibility of testing for HIV infection at birth and linkage to care in rural and urban Zambia: a cross-sectional study — Sutcliffe et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2020
Capillary whole-blood point-of-care RNA testing and fingerstick dried blood spot sampling were feasible and acceptable for hepatitis C screening in high-risk individuals at social-medical harm reduction sites. Detection rates were comparable across both methods, enabling simplified screening and successful linkage to pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral treatment.
Assessing Molecular Point-of-Care Testing and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis C Virus Screening in People Who Inject Drugs — Chevaliez et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- acceptability
- serology
2020
A survey of 39 kidney transplant recipients found that 85% preferred finger prick microsampling over venepuncture and 95% were interested in home self-sampling, highlighting the potential of decentralised blood collection to reduce patient burden and anxiety.
Kidney transplant recipient's perceptions of blood testing through microsampling and venepuncture — Scuderi et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
2020
The authors developed and validated a volumetric absorptive microsampling assay for vancomycin in whole blood that is suitable for paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancomycin remained stable in dried VAMS samples for at least 160 days at -78°C, enabling reliable quantification in clinical studies using minimal blood volumes.
A whole blood microsampling assay for vancomycin: development, validation and application for pediatric clinical study — Moorthy et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
The study found reasonable agreement between finger-prick dried blood spot CRP measurements and venous reference assays in 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients, particularly at low to mid-range CRP values, and showed that weekly self-collected DBS CRP monitoring improved flare detection specificity to 72.7% compared with 54.5% for minimal sampling, supporting decentralised microsampling for remote arthritis management.
Assessment of a dried blood spot C-reactive protein method to identify disease flares in rheumatoid arthritis patients — D'Cruz et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- rpm
- multimodal
2020
Capiau et al. developed and validated a VAMS method for cobalt quantitation in whole blood from metal-on-metal prosthesis patients. The method proved accurate (bias ≤4%) and precise (RSD ≤5%), was unaffected by haematocrit, and showed a 0.99 correlation to liquid venous samples; 87% of results satisfied Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia criteria, enabling home-based monitoring of implant wear.
Development, validation and application of an inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry method to determine cobalt in metal-on-metal prosthesis patients using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Capiau et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2020
A VAMS method for 14 antidepressants, antipsychotics and active metabolites was validated on HPLC-MS and conversion factors from capillary blood to plasma were derived from 49 patient samples using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analysis, enabling routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
Validation and clinical application of a volumetric absorptive microsampling method for 14 psychiatric drugs — Stern et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2020
The study developed and validated a LC-HRMS method for intact IGF-I from VAMS dried blood according to World Anti-Doping Agency requirements and showed agreement with serum measurements, supporting decentralised sampling for antidoping testing.
Use of capillary dried blood for quantification of intact IGF-I by LC-HRMS for antidoping analysis — Mongongu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- doping
2020
A multiplex LC-MS/MS method for dried plasma spots was fully validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity and sensitivity across seven antipsychotics, with limits of quantification ranging from 0.12 to 5.70 µg/L; this enables convenient therapeutic drug monitoring from a simple dried sample.
Multiplexed therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics in dried plasma spots by LC-MS/MS — Ruggiero et al., Journal of separation science (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- validation
- tdm
2020
Capillary blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated non-significant differences in cannabidiol concentrations compared to venous blood and plasma in pediatric patients treated with Epidiolex. The method requires 30 µL of sample, achieves linear quantification between 1 and 800 µg/L, and ensures analyte stability on VAMS devices for up to four weeks at room temperature.
Cannabidiol Determination on Peripheral Capillary Blood Using a Microsampling Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with On-Line Sample Preparation — Pigliasco et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Capillary volumetric dried blood microsampling with hemaPEN provides a patient friendly way to obtain multiple identical samples for LC-MS/MS analysis of CNS drugs and metabolites, with satisfactory validation metrics and practical advantages for storage and extraction, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Assessment of capillary volumetric blood microsampling for the analysis of central nervous system drugs and metabolites — Protti et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- volumetric
- tdm
2020
The authors developed two simple methods to calculate haematocrit from VAMS samples using potassium content, one with aqueous extraction and one with organic extraction, both designed to integrate with existing VAMS assays so that whole-blood results can be converted to serum or plasma values and compared with therapeutic intervals.
Hematocrit prediction in volumetric absorptive microsamples — Capiau & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2020
The study validated a VAMS-based bioanalytical method using the Tasso OnDemand device for the drug gefapixant and demonstrated a mathematical bridging relationship with standard plasma assays, supporting its use in decentralised clinical trials.
Clinical application of volumetric absorptive microsampling to the gefapixant development program — Roadcap et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2020
This review highlights how low-volume, minimally invasive microsampling of matrices such as dried capillary blood, interstitial fluid and saliva can enable untargeted metabolomics and longitudinal exposome studies in children, with the potential for home self-collection to improve convenience and parental support.
Minimally Invasive Biospecimen Collection for Exposome Research in Children's Health — Petrick et al., Current environmental health reports (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- interstitial-fluid
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- metabolome
2020
Dried blood spot sampling using HemaSpot or Whatman903 cards demonstrated high analytical sensitivity for hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody and hepatitis C antibody when compared with serum, with ratios ranging from 17.6:1 to 38.9:1. HemaSpot achieved 92.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HBsAg detection, maintained 80% detection efficacy after one month of storage, and showed no significant degradation after two weeks at ambient temperature, confirming its suitability for decentralised hepatitis screening in resource-limited settings.
Evaluation of the efficiency of dried blood spot-based measurement of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus seromarkers — Yamamoto et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2020
The review evaluates microsampling techniques including dried matrix spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling and capillary microsampling for SARS-CoV-2 bioanalytical applications, outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages to guide researchers and clinicians in pandemic-related diagnostics.
Quantitative microsampling for bioanalytical applications related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Usefulness, benefits and pitfalls — Protti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
2020
Dried urine spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling methods were validated for quantifying six corticosteroids in 30 μl urine, showing good linearity, extraction yields exceeding 81 percent, and precision within 15 percent relative standard deviation. Analytes remained stable for seven days at room temperature, indicating urine microsampling is viable for remote antidoping control and could support decentralised steroid monitoring.
Microsampling and LC-MS/MS for antidoping testing of glucocorticoids in urine — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- validation
- hormones
- steroids
- doping
- toxicology
2020
A GC-MS/MS method for anabolic steroids in VAMS dried blood from finger pricking demonstrated good precision, accuracy and stability, with results agreeing with serum specimens. In a testosterone gel administration trial, dried blood total testosterone identified transdermal micro-dosing, with concentrations rising up to ten times baseline at nine hours post-application, supporting decentralised doping screening.
Determination of anabolic steroids in dried blood using microsampling and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a testosterone gel administration study — Chang et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- hormones
- doping
2020
In adult kidney transplant patients, adding DBS home sampling to usual care did not reduce outpatient visits or per-visit costs versus usual care alone, though most patients were willing to use DBS if it cut hospital attendances; logistical optimisation of mailing and timely analysis is required to realise travel and cost benefits.
Effects, costs and implementation of monitoring kidney transplant patients' tacrolimus levels with dried blood spot sampling: A randomized controlled hybrid implementation trial — Veenhof et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- dct
- economics
2020
The study developed and validated a VAMS-based method for measuring cefepime in small volumes of paediatric blood with high accuracy and precision, enabling less invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in children. This advances decentralised, patient-centric sampling by allowing reliable pharmacokinetic studies without repeated venous draws.
Development and validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling- liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the analysis of cefepime in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
The review highlights that volumetric absorptive microsampling enables easy, minimally invasive home sampling with room temperature storage and fixed volume accuracy, making it a viable alternative for clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a Sampling Alternative in Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review — Harahap et al., Drug design, development and therapy
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- dct
- haematocrit
2020
HbA1c measured from self-collected HemaSpot dried blood spots showed strong linear agreement with venous blood and was stable over time. With high patient acceptance, this supports remote diabetes monitoring for people in decentralised care models.
HbA<sub>1c</sub> determination from HemaSpot™ blood collection devices: comparison of home prepared dried blood spots with standard venous blood analysis — Hall et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2020
The study validated a VAMS method for cocaine and metabolites in blood and plasma, achieving good extraction yield, precision and accuracy with analyte stability exceeding two months at room temperature. Results from VAMS correlated well with conventional fluid samples, supporting its use for decentralised forensic and toxicological monitoring without venepuncture or cold chain.
Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption — Mandrioli et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2019
A clinical validation showing dried blood samples can support infliximab concentration monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
Dried blood samples can support monitoring of infliximab concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical validation — Berends et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- venous-agreement
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2019
Imaging shows analytes distribute non-uniformly within a single spot, one central, one peripheral, so where a sub-punch is taken can change the answer.
Analysis of the heterogeneous distribution of amiloride and propranolol in dried blood spot by UHPLC-FLD and MALDI-imaging — Uribe et al., Molecules
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2019
The consensus guideline defining the analytical- and clinical-validation requirements for dried-blood TDM: the standardisation reference for implementing a dried assay clinically.
Official IATDMCT Guideline: Development and Validation of Dried Blood Spot-Based Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Capiau et al., Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- standards
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2019
This study found that dried urine metabolite patterns followed serum concentrations. It shows excellent agreement for the 4-spot method versus 24-hour collections and dried versus liquid urine, with intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.95.
Evaluating urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites using dried filter-paper samples and GC-MS/MS — Newman et al., BMC Chemistry
- dried
- steroids
- fertility
- hormones
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2019
Volumetric absorptive capillary microsampling gave reliable tacrolimus measurements throughout the dose interval in renal transplant recipients, with mean biases of -3.1% for mailed samples and -4.2% for direct delivery versus venous blood. Dried microsamples remained stable for one month at ambient temperature, enabling home-based therapeutic drug monitoring with postal shipment.
Tacrolimus Can Be Reliably Measured With Volumetric Absorptive Capillary Microsampling Throughout the Dose Interval in Renal Transplant Recipients — Vethe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
Noviplex dried plasma spot cards yielded neurofilament light chain measurements equivalent to standard plasma in healthy controls and ALS patients, while dried blood spot eluates gave different absolute values but still discriminated between the two groups. The results support remote dried blood microsampling as a practical alternative to venous sampling for neurodegeneration biomarkers in ALS.
Theme 7 Pre-clinical therapeutic strategies — Lombardi et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2019
Dried blood spot viral load quantification using the Biocentric method correlated with plasma testing (r=0.67–0.82) and delivered comparable diagnostic accuracy at the 1000 copies/mL threshold across three collection methods. This validates patient-centric microsampling for decentralised HIV monitoring in resource-limited settings.
Field Suitability and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biocentric Open Real-Time PCR Platform for Dried Blood Spot-Based HIV Viral Load Quantification in Eswatini — Kerschberger et al., Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2019
A systematic review of dried blood spot sampling for tacrolimus monitoring across adult and paediatric organ transplant recipients demonstrated that reported analytical bias compared with venous sampling fell within acceptable limits across the majority of studies. This supports dried blood microsampling as an accurate approach for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Predictability of Capillary Blood Spot Toward Venous Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients — Gallant et al., European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
Isoelectric focusing from dried blood spot and capillary samples yields results identical to serum for transferrin glycosylation, with stable storage at -20 degrees Celsius for more than six months, enabling reliable diagnosis and therapy control of congenital disorders of glycosylation and supporting home self-collection for follow-up.
Transferrin glycosylation analysis from dried blood spot cards and capillary blood samples — Wolking et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2019
The authors developed and validated an LC-MS/MS assay for THC, CBD and CBN from 20 µL VAMS blood samples with linear calibration curves and inter-day accuracies of 94.4 to 107 per cent, then applied it to a pediatric pharmacokinetic study, demonstrating that patient-centric microsampling can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabinoids in children.
A patient-centric liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry microsampling assay for analysis of cannabinoids in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
This review found that oral fluid and dried blood spot microsampling can detect hepatitis B virus serological and DNA markers with variable sensitivity ranging from 13 to 100 percent depending on collection method, study population, and assay used. These decentralised sampling approaches could increase access to hepatitis B screening in remote areas and high-risk groups.
Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis — Villar et al., Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2019
HPLC-MS/MS methods for midazolam and 1-OH midazolam in wet whole blood and dried blood collected on VAMS were developed and validated, meeting international guideline criteria; a strong correlation between wet and dry concentrations was observed, indicating VAMS is suitable for paediatric clinical studies.
Validation of methods for determining pediatric midazolam using wet whole blood and volumetric absorptive microsampling — Abu-Rabie et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
In a fixed-sequence two-period Phase I study of 16 healthy volunteers taking sitagliptin, dried blood spot samples collected at home and digital adherence data captured via an electronic pill bottle were feasible and acceptable to participants. This supports patient-centric microsampling and remote monitoring for decentralised clinical trials, though the authors noted areas needing improvement.
Leveraging Digital Health Technologies and Outpatient Sampling in Clinical Drug Development: A Phase I Exploratory Study — Dockendorf et al., Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- dct
2019
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) using the Neoteryx Mitra device was validated for mitotane therapeutic drug monitoring across 1–50 mg/L, with acceptable haematocrit bias and one-week stability at room temperature. However, comparison with venous plasma showed poor correlation, suggesting home-based VAMS is of limited clinical value for mitotane unless a method-specific target range is established.
A method for the minimally invasive drug monitoring of mitotane by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling for a home-based therapeutic drug monitoring — Friedl et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2019
The study developed and validated two LC-MS/MS methods for quantifying paracetamol in dried blood and dried cerebrospinal fluid using VAMS, showing acceptable precision and accuracy, limited haematocrit influence, and stability under various storage conditions, thus proving the utility of VAMS for CSF microsampling.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as an alternative sampling strategy for the determination of paracetamol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid — Delahaye et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2019
A web-based application that grades dried blood spot quality from smartphone photographs agreed with laboratory technicians in 90% of trained and 87% of untrained collections, raising usable sample rates for therapeutic drug monitoring from 80% to 96% in trained settings and from 42% to 88% in untrained settings. Patients rated the app as acceptable and completed the check in under two minutes, suggesting it could reduce sample rejection in decentralised settings.
Performance of a web-based application measuring spot quality in dried blood spot sampling — Veenhof et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- tdm
2019
Guardian-collected capillary dried blood spots were feasible for home monitoring of lamotrigine, and for carbamazepine and valproic acid when conversion factors were applied, with only 4 of 190 comparisons risking a conflicting dose decision and negligible risk of patient harm. Levetiracetam DBS showed high variability against plasma and is recommended only for checking nonadherence, not for dose adjustment.
Dried Blood Spot Self-Sampling by Guardians of Children With Epilepsy Is Feasible: Comparison With Plasma for Multiple Antiepileptic Drugs — Linder et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
Remote self-collected dried blood samples were more likely to be graded Good quality than in-clinic samples, with roughly 1.5 times higher odds of a Good grade, though response rates were lower for remote sampling.
Feasibility of Patient-Centric Remote Dried <i>Blood Sampling: The</i> Prediction, Risk, and Evaluation of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (PRE-MACE) Study — Fuller et al., Biodemography and social biology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- self-collection
- acceptability
2019
Subcutaneous testosterone undecanoate injection was equally acceptable to intramuscular injection despite causing more pain at 24 hours, with most men preferring the intramuscular route. Pharmacokinetic analysis using dried blood spots showed a later peak concentration after subcutaneous injection, but no clinically meaningful differences in overall exposure, suggesting subcutaneous administration is a viable alternative without dose adjustment.
Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Undecanoate — Turner et al., Journal of the Endocrine Society (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- hormones
- tdm
2019
Finger prick dried blood spots correlated strongly with venous whole blood for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, achieving Spearman coefficients between 0.72 and 0.97. The method requires only 30 μL of blood, enabling decentralised biomonitoring of environmental toxins with minimal burden.
Dried blood spots for reliable biomonitoring of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) — Poothong et al., The Science of the total environment (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2019
VAMS capillary blood showed strong agreement with venous serum for measuring anti-influenza antibodies and remained stable for three weeks at room temperature. When volunteers performed finger-stick sampling at home, their results were highly consistent with on-site collection by study personnel.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG antibodies by the mPlex-Flu assay — Wang et al., Journal of clinical and translational science
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2019
The VAMS assay quantifies voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide with linear calibration from 10.0 to 10,000 ng/mL and intra- and inter-day accuracy within 87-102%, enabling accurate and precise therapeutic drug monitoring from a small fixed volume of dried blood.
Development and validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling assay for analysis of voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide in human whole blood — Moorthy et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
Fingerprick dried blood spots showed analytical agreement with whole blood for sirolimus and everolimus in transplant patients, but only 77.3% and 61.5% of samples fell within the pre-defined 15% clinical relevance limit, missing the 80% target for both drugs. This suggests the method cannot yet replace conventional sampling for immunosuppressant monitoring without accepting less stringent clinical criteria, which constrains its use in decentralised diagnostics.
Clinical application of a dried blood spot assay for sirolimus and everolimus in transplant patients — Veenhof et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
The authors developed and validated a fully automated dried blood spot method for monitoring four anti-epileptic drugs and a metabolite. Accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits, samples were stable for at least one month at room temperature, and haematocrit effects were limited, demonstrating suitability for remote therapeutic drug monitoring in resource-limited settings.
Fully automated therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs making use of dried blood spots — Velghe et al., Journal of chromatography. A (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2019
The validated LC-MS/MS method showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles for albendazole and its metabolites across plasma, whole blood, dried blood spots and Mitra microsamples from hookworm-infected adolescents, supporting microsampling for paediatric pharmacokinetic studies. Mitra extraction proved more robust than dried blood spots during validation and is recommended for future albendazole pharmacokinetic work, despite higher albendazole sulfone concentrations observed in both microsampling devices compared with wet matrices.
Pharmacokinetics of Albendazole, Albendazole Sulfoxide, and Albendazole Sulfone Determined from Plasma, Blood, Dried-Blood Spots, and Mitra Samples of Hookworm-Infected Adolescents — Schulz et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
Among 68 chronic myeloid leukaemia patients self-sampling dried blood spots for nilotinib therapeutic drug monitoring at home, 77% of samples were clinically useful. Patients found the procedure easy and not painful, with 75% requiring no assistance, though lower educational level predicted unsuitable samples, underscoring the need for clear instruction.
Feasibility of and patients' perspective on nilotinib dried blood spot self-sampling — Boons et al., European journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- tdm
- oncology
2019
The authors validated an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously measuring vancomycin and creatinine from plasma applied to VAMS devices, reporting acceptable precision and accuracy with both analytes stable for up to two weeks at 45 degrees Celsius, though VAMS concentrations required correction factors to estimate plasma levels. This supports wider access to vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in resource-limited settings by enabling ambient transport of dried plasma microsamples.
Simultaneous determination of vancomycin and creatinine in plasma applied to volumetric absorptive microsampling devices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Andriguetti et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
Targeted metabolomics of whole blood using VAMS achieved good recoveries and repeatability (less than 15% RSD) for 36 metabolites, and amino and organic acids remained stable in dried blood for at least four days at room temperature, supporting decentralised microsampling for metabolomics.
Targeted metabolomics of whole blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Kok et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- metabolome
2018
Telomere length measurements vary significantly depending on the sample type used, with Oragene saliva showing a moderate correlation to venous buffy coat, whereas Oasis saliva and dried blood spots did not yield comparable or adequate results for this assay.
Evaluating minimally invasive sample collection methods for telomere length measurement — Goldman et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- venous-agreement
- genotyping
2018
Volumetric dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with conventional venous sampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid concentrations in renal transplant recipients, with most concentrations and abbreviated AUCs falling within ±20% of conventional measures. Dosing recommendations differed on some occasions but the clinical impact was modest, suggesting home-based microsampling could support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring with appropriate patient training.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device — Zwart et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2018
Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations in VAMS samples decrease without a stabilising reagent, whereas whole blood samples remain stable. For decentralised diagnostics, this means stabilisers must be added to VAMS devices before analysis to ensure accurate therapeutic drug monitoring from patient-collected samples.
Quantitative analysis of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Kim et al., Translational and clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2018
Daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstrated high acceptability and adherence among high-risk gay and bisexual men when monitored by dried blood spot analysis, with no HIV seroconversions over one year but frequent sexually transmitted infections. The study shows dried blood spot testing can support adherence monitoring in decentralised prevention programmes, though renal function requires surveillance.
Acceptability and tolerability of and adherence to HIV preexposure prophylaxis among Toronto gay and bisexual men: a pilot study — Tan et al., CMAJ open (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- tdm
- sti
2018
Glycated haemoglobin measurement from home-collected dried blood spots correlated strongly with venous sampling (r=0.93) and, after bias correction, achieved a concordance correlation of 0.9 with 100% positive predictive value for levels above 7%. With 88.5% of patients preferring home collection, the method offers a viable patient-centric alternative to laboratory venepuncture for decentralised diabetes monitoring.
Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin Results Based on At-Home and In-Lab Dried Blood Spot Sampling to Routine Venous Blood Sampling In-Lab in Adult Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes — Elliott et al., Canadian journal of diabetes (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2018
The authors validated a dried blood spot assay for benznidazole that showed strong agreement with plasma concentrations (r²=0.8295) and proved stable at room temperature for more than one year. This microsampling approach enables therapeutic drug monitoring for Chagas disease in decentralised trials and remote settings, including paediatric populations.
Dried Blood Spot Technique-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method as a Simple Alternative for Benznidazole Pharmacokinetic Assessment — Galindo Bedor et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2018
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provided acceptable analytical accuracy and precision for atenolol, lisinopril, simvastatin and capillary blood samples without being influenced by haematocrit levels. The VAMS approach demonstrated strong agreement with standard dried blood spot cards in identifying medication adherence among volunteers.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) coupled with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry as a simplified alternative to dried blood spot (DBS) analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring of cardiovascular drugs — Tanna et al., Clinical mass spectrometry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2018
The optimised Abbott DBS protocol for HIV RNA testing performed well in a Vietnamese routine clinical setting, meeting WHO performance criteria for viral load monitoring. This supports scaling up decentralised HIV care, though sensitivity at the 1000 copies/mL threshold remains a challenge to avoid keeping patients on failing antiretroviral therapy.
First field evaluation of the optimized CE marked Abbott protocol for HIV RNA testing on dried blood spot in a routine clinical setting in Vietnam — Taieb et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2018
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provided accurate and precise measurement of key urinary metabolites in alkaptonuria with good recovery and reproducibility, and dried samples compared favourably with liquid specimens, although variable analyte stability may present barriers to routine implementation.
Evaluation of the Mitra microsampling device for use with key urinary metabolites in patients with Alkaptonuria — Taylor et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
2018
Capillary C-peptide concentrations measured from dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling showed strong agreement with reference plasma samples. Both sampling methods maintained stability over 48 hours at room temperature, supporting their utility for remote monitoring of endogenous insulin secretion.
Microsampling Collection Methods for Measurement of C-peptide in Whole Blood — Jones et al., Journal of diabetes science and technology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2018
A derivatisation method using 3-nitrophenylhydrazine enabled precise quantitation of 24 carnitines in dried blood spots with intra-day CVs ≤7.8% and inter-day CVs ≤8.8%, and recoveries of 86.9%-109.7%. While all carnitines remained stable after four hours of sunlight, temperature cycling caused concentration changes in several species, which matters for quality control in remote screening programmes for fatty acid oxidation defects.
Isotope-labeling derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine for LC/multiple-reaction monitoring-mass-spectrometry-based quantitation of carnitines in dried blood spots — Han et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2018
VAMS recovery relative to DMPK-C depended on the protein, being lower for β-lactoglobulin and myoglobin but higher for cytochrome c and albumin, and haematocrit affected protein quantification from both materials. VAMS showed strong correlation (R² ≥ 0.983), accuracy of 71 to 101 per cent and precision with RSD at or below 20 per cent for six model proteins spiked into blood, supporting its use for decentralised protein analysis with awareness of haematocrit effects.
Volumetric absorptive MicroSampling vs. other blood sampling materials in LC-MS-based protein analysis - preliminary investigations — Andersen et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
2018
Web-delivered multimedia training for self-collection of dried blood spots was acceptable to 98% of participants and produced usable samples in 96% of attempts, indicating that remote instruction can enable reliable patient-centric microsampling, though response rates to recruitment need improvement.
Web-Delivered Multimedia Training Materials for the Self-Collection of Dried Blood Spots: A Formative Project — Allen et al., JMIR formative research
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
2018
Dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with whole blood for measuring everolimus in cancer patients, with ninety percent of samples demonstrating acceptable prediction error and low bias. This enables home-based therapeutic drug monitoring, allowing clinicians to individualise dosing without requiring patient visits.
Clinical validation study of dried blood spot for determining everolimus concentration in patients with cancer — Willemsen et al., European journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2018
A volumetric absorptive microsampling method for quantifying GSKA in human blood was developed and validated. Haematocrit related assay bias was minimised across a 30 to 60 per cent range and all validation parameters met acceptance criteria, indicating the method is suitable for quantitative analysis in decentralised settings.
Drug monitoring by volumetric absorptive microsampling: method development considerations to mitigate hematocrit effects — Fang et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2018
Most men who have sex with men could self-administer HIV rapid tests and correctly interpret results, but 27% of dried blood spot cards were of poor quality and interpretation was difficult when control lines were absent, suggesting instructions need refinement before decentralised deployment.
Pilot Evaluation of the Ability of Men Who Have Sex with Men to Self-Administer Rapid HIV Tests, Prepare Dried Blood Spot Cards, and Interpret Test Results, Atlanta, Georgia, 2013 — MacGowan et al., AIDS and behavior (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2018
Field-based dried blood spot qPCR detected more than twice as many malaria infections as rapid diagnostic tests in a reactive test-and-treat programme, with 62 per cent of PCR-positive cases missed by RDT. The findings suggest that focusing treatment on index case households using more sensitive molecular diagnostics would improve efficiency for malaria elimination efforts.
Efficiency of a Malaria Reactive Test-and-Treat Program in Southern Zambia: A Prospective, Observational Study — Deutsch-Feldman et al., The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- serology
2018
A dried blood spot LC-MS/MS method was validated for therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid. Concentrations from dried blood spots correlated strongly with plasma (R² 0.92) across venous and capillary samples, enabling home self-collection and reducing clinic visits for children with epilepsy.
Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid in dried blood spots with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; method development and validation — Linder et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2018
Self-collected dried blood spots returned by post achieved an 82.4% return rate and identified a 3.04% HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Tokyo, with 70.6% of provisional positives later confirmed at hospital, demonstrating strong demand for postal self-sampling screening in populations that conventional services struggle to reach.
Assessment of HIV prevalence among MSM in Tokyo using self-collected dried blood spots delivered through the postal service — Takano et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
- sti
2018
Among 554 HIV-positive men who have sex with men, 60.8 per cent successfully collected an adequate dried blood spot specimen at home for HIV-1 RNA quantification. The study revealed that 52.5 per cent had a detectable viral load, and most of these men had previously self-reported an undetectable result, demonstrating that decentralised sampling can identify gaps in treatment adherence and viral suppression.
Quantification of HIV-1 RNA Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Using an At-Home Self-Collected Dried Blood Spot Specimen: Feasibility Study — Hirshfield et al., JMIR public health and surveillance
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2017
Finger-prick dried blood spots supported monitoring of both adalimumab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in inflammatory rheumatic disease: biologic TDM without a venous draw.
Dried blood spots from finger prick facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab and anti-adalimumab in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases — Kneepkens et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2017
VAMS microsampling of capillary blood provided accurate measurement of hydroxychloroquine and metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis patients, with results agreeing with venous blood while overcoming dried blood spot limitations of haematocrit bias and inhomogeneity, and offered potential for home self-collection.
Capillary blood collected on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) device for monitoring hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis patients — Qu et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2017
This study in children with epilepsy demonstrated strong correlation between dried blood spot and plasma concentrations for carbamazepine, lamotrigine and valproic acid. While lamotrigine concentrations were directly comparable, conversion factors were required for carbamazepine (18% higher bias) and valproic acid (35% lower bias), supporting the feasibility of home sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring and its potential to simplify care and reduce costs.
Comparison between dried blood spot and plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A step towards home sampling — Linder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2017
Clinical validation in twenty-eight children showed that dried blood spot sampling predicted venous tacrolimus concentrations adequately, with ninety-five percent of predicted-to-observed ratios between 0.74 and 1.28 and median prediction error below fifteen percent, whereas mycophenolic acid predictions were more variable, indicating semiquantitative utility. The authors concluded that home-based dried blood spot collection is suitable for tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant recipients.
Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid in Children: Analytical and Clinical Validation — Martial et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2017
Dried VAMS and DBS samples collected at home and analysed after a median of three days showed poor agreement with standard venous or capillary blood for HbA1c monitoring. In contrast, wet VAMS samples analysed immediately demonstrated excellent agreement, indicating that sample drying and delayed analysis compromise reliability for decentralised HbA1c measurement.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling at home as an alternative tool for the monitoring of HbA1c in diabetes patients — Verougstraete et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2017
A laboratory method study showed that a fluoroplastic porous carrier for dried plasma spots quadruples sample capacity to 70-100 µl and, with antioxidant pretreatment, preserves polyunsaturated fatty acids for up to 35-40 days at room temperature or six months frozen. This enhanced stability and capacity could support decentralised collection and mailing of plasma samples for fatty acid and cholesterol analysis.
[The perspective fluoroplastic porous carrier for conservation and transfer of samples of blood plasma: application of "dry drop" technique with the purpose of detection of individual fatty acids.] — Aripovsky et al., Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2017
More than half of Australian opioid injectors reported recent injection of pharmaceutical opioids, and this behaviour was linked to daily injection, sharing of syringes or equipment, overdose and regional residence, indicating a need for targeted harm reduction including naloxone and specialist filters.
High risk injecting behaviour among people who inject pharmaceutical opioids in Australia — Iversen et al., The International journal on drug policy (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
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