The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 401–500 of 733 labelled “blood”, newest first.
2023
Finger-stick capillary blood spotted onto filter paper and dried (DBS) provides C-reactive protein results that correlate excellently with venous plasma (R² = 0.986). The method correctly classified all 25 high cardiovascular-risk patients and 12 of 13 inflammation cases, with analyte stability demonstrated for 31 days, supporting its use for patient-centric at-home sampling in decentralised diagnostics and screening programmes.
Analysis of C-reactive protein from finger stick dried blood spot to predict high risk of cardiovascular disease — Schakelaar et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2023
The study developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay for imatinib and its metabolite using volumetric absorptive microsampling, enabling reliable home blood collection by patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Therapeutic drug concentrations measured from VAMS were comparable across adherence groups, supporting the use of VAMS for routine decentralised monitoring of imatinib therapy.
Volumetric dried blood microsampling for monitoring imatinib mesylate therapy: Method development and clinical application in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia — Krützmann et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2023
Room temperature storage of dried blood on VAMS devices caused significant losses in 13 of 21 cytokine analytes after five months compared to storage at 4 °C. Storing devices at 4 °C or colder preserved the majority of tested cytokines, demonstrating that cold storage is essential for reliable longitudinal cytokine profiling in decentralised studies.
Stability of inflammation markers in human blood collected using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) under typical laboratory storage temperatures — McMahon et al., Cytokine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biomarkers
2023
A method for tacrolimus quantification from volumetric dried blood spots collected with a hemaPEN device was validated using automated LC-MS/MS extraction. The assay was linear from 1 to 100 µg/L and met all analytical and clinical validation criteria, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants through home-based capillary blood sampling.
New perspectives for the therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus: Quantification in volumetric DBS based on an automated extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis — Rosé et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2023
The review found that volumetric absorptive microsampling can reliably assay tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid for therapeutic drug monitoring, though correction factors are often required to meet regulatory agreement standards. This supports the use of microsampling for decentralised trials and dose optimisation in transplant recipients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling to Enhance the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid: A Systematic Review and Critical Assessment — Leino et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2023
Volumetric dried blood spots from finger-prick correlated strongly with venous serum lithium concentrations (Pearson’s R=0.95, ratio 0.78) in thirty-nine patients. This patient-centric microsampling method could enable home-based therapeutic drug monitoring for bipolar disorder, improving compliance and safety where venous sampling is impractical.
Determination of lithium concentration in capillary blood using volumetric dried blood spots — Wikström et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- volumetric
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2023
Capillary blood yields comparable results to venous blood for common biochemistry and haematology parameters on routine analysers, but performance may degrade if samples are not processed within 24 hours.
Analysis of common biomarkers in capillary blood in routine clinical laboratory. Preanalytical and analytical comparison with venous blood — Maroto-García et al., Diagnosis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
2023
This review surveyed the use of VAMS devices for analysing endogenous metabolites and biomarkers across the full analytical workflow, finding them reliable for biological analysis with improved analyte stability over liquid blood at ambient temperature and a straightforward acquisition model well suited to decentralised diagnostics.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in the Analysis of Endogenous Metabolites — de Sá E Silva et al., Metabolites
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2023
This review summarises progress toward integrating automated sample preparation with on-chip nucleic acid amplification for home testing of self-collected blood, urine, saliva and stool specimens. It identifies that user-friendly, combined systems may enable rapid, accurate molecular diagnostics outside central laboratories, which is relevant for decentralised infectious disease screening.
Toward Rapid and Accurate Molecular Diagnostics at Home — Liu & Lee, Advanced materials (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- stool
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2023
In healthy adults, capillary blood collected with the Onflow device yielded similar chemistry results to venous blood and was rated more acceptable with lower pain than venepuncture, with high willingness to reuse and positive phlebotomist usability.
Painless Capillary Blood Collection: A Rapid Evaluation of the Onflow Device — Noble et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2023
A prospective study of 1384 individuals developed an 18-small RNA signature (miLung) for lung cancer detection, achieving an area under the curve of 0.86 in discovery and 0.83 in validation cohorts. Diagnostic performance increased with tumour stage, and dried blood spot collection suggests feasibility for home self-collection.
Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Small RNAs — Sikosek et al., Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2023
Volumetric absorptive microsampling improves precision over dried blood spots by collecting a standardised blood volume, making it suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in special populations, though each assay requires clinical validation before routine use.
Applications of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique: A Systematic Critical Review — Dodeja et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
2023
Deprez et al. validated LC‑MS/MS methods for four immunosuppressants and creatinine from a single 10 μL quantitative dried blood spot. With biases under 10 % and CVs below 8 %, the approach enables accurate patient‑centric therapeutic drug monitoring from capillary blood at home, mitigating the haematocrit effect through volumetric collection.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants and creatinine from a single dried blood spot using the Capitainer® qDBS device — Deprez et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- qdbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2023
First-void urine is established as a reliable self-collected specimen for human papillomavirus screening, triage, and post-vaccination surveillance. The use of specialised collection devices and advanced molecular assays supports the integration of non-invasive sampling into routine cervical cancer prevention strategies.
Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory — Poljak et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2023
High-performing dried blood spot assays have been developed and validated for measuring environmental exposures to tobacco smoke, trace elements, and several endocrine-disrupting chemicals, confirming the method as a viable minimally invasive alternative to venous sampling for field-based public health screening and paediatric epidemiological studies. Further validation is required for cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, and bisphenol A to expand the panel of reliable decentralised exposure biomarkers.
A state-of-the-science review and guide for measuring environmental exposure biomarkers in dried blood spots — Jacobson et al., Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2022
An IQ Consortium position paper from sponsor scientists positioning patient-centric sampling as the enabling technology for decentralised trials, and stating that a bridging study against conventional sampling “has quickly been established as a regulatory expectation”.
Leveraging patient-centric sampling for clinical drug development and decentralized clinical trials: Promise to reality — Maass et al., Clinical and Translational Science
- blood
- dct
- standards
- self-collection
- validation
2022
A combined patient-preference and cost analysis of an at-home blood sampling device in chronic care, covering both what patients choose and what the shift costs the system.
The societal impact of implementing an at-home blood sampling device for chronic care patients: patient preferences and cost impact — Lingervelder et al., BMC Health Services Research
- economics
- acceptability
- self-collection
- blood
2022
A review of dried blood microsampling for tyrosine kinase inhibitor monitoring, covering the analytical and clinical requirements for moving oral cancer-drug TDM out of hospital.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Dried Blood Microsamples — Verougstraete et al., Frontiers in Oncology
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- pediatric
- validation
2022
A single VAMS run quantified two immunosuppressants plus creatinine with minimal haematocrit effect: combined drug-and-organ-function monitoring from one dried tip.
A VAMS UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Mycophenolic Acid and Creatinine in Whole Blood of Renal Transplant Recipients — Wang et al., Pharmaceutics
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2022
This review shows that patient-centric Mitra microsampling devices accurately collect fixed blood volumes for immunosuppressant monitoring, reducing haematocrit bias compared to classic dried blood spots. While ideal for paediatric adherence, wider decentralised adoption requires further multicentre validation and cross-laboratory harmonisation to address current analytical and cost limitations.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Drugs — From Sampling and Analytical Issues to Clinical Application — Kocur & Pawiński, Int. J. Molecular Sciences
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2022
The paper records that the TAP II devices used for the infant draws were provided by YourBio Health, and that capillary serum was collected from babies as young as two months: the smallest patients sampled, without a heel prick or a venepuncture.
Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection — Shook, Edlow et al., JAMA
- blood
- liquid
- yourbio
- capillary
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Patients self-collected upper-arm capillary blood with press-activated devices including TAP II; autoantibody and CRP results agreed with venous at r≥0.98, were rated less painful, and 98.6% got enough blood within two attempts.
Remote self-collection of upper-arm capillary blood for autoantibody analysis in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases — Zarbl et al., RMD Open
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- liquid
- yourbio
- biomarkers
2022
Capillary self-sampling gave CRP and autoantibody values nearly identical to venous, ICC 0.97–0.998, was less painful, and the upper-arm route drew far higher acceptance and willingness to sample at home.
Accuracy and tolerability of capillary self-sampling for inflammation and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial — Knitza et al., Arthritis Research & Therapy
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2022
The study established reference intervals for TSH in dried blood spots for both adults and neonates and defined a quantitative relationship between DBS and serum TSH levels. This allows DBS to be used as a viable, patient-centric alternative to venepuncture for thyroid function monitoring, particularly where venous sampling is difficult.
Adult and neonate TSH blood spot reference intervals — Morris et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2022
Female firefighters had lower anti-Müllerian hormone levels than matched non-firefighters, suggesting occupational exposures may affect ovarian reserve; this supports the feasibility of using dried blood spots for hormone measurement outside traditional labs.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels among Female Firefighters — Davidson et al., International journal of environmental research and public health
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- fertility
- hormones
2022
In British Columbia, finger-prick dried blood spots had 97% specificity and 79% sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated groups, rising to 97 to 100% after vaccination, against serum; limited to one jurisdiction, the results support decentralised serosurveillance with self-collected dried blood spots.
Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Detect a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response — Nikiforuk et al., Microbiology spectrum
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- serology
- capillary
- pediatric
2022
The TAP device showed near perfect agreement with venous sampling for anti-Müllerian hormone measurements, with higher accuracy and lower pain compared to ADx card. This validates TAP as a reliable option for patient-led fertility hormone testing at home.
Evaluation of at-home serum anti-Müllerian hormone testing: a head-to-head comparison study — Silliman et al., Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
- blood
- capillary
- yourbio
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2022
Clinical validation for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid monitoring showed that while volumetric absorptive microsampling met analytical criteria after concentration correction, conventional dried blood spots achieved superior adherence to strict clinical criteria, sample quality, and cost efficiency without significant haematocrit bias.
Comparison of conventional dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid determination — Paniagua-González et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- economics
- haematocrit
2022
Validated a dried blood spot assay for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid therapeutic drug monitoring and creatinine-based kidney function in kidney transplant recipients. DBS showed excellent agreement with venous sampling for tacrolimus trough and AUC, adequate agreement for creatinine-based GFR trend monitoring, but suboptimal agreement for mycophenolic acid AUC and inadequate performance for iohexol-based GFR. VAMS was generally inferior. This enables remote, simultaneous immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatients, reducing clinic visits.
Volumetric microsampling for simultaneous remote immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatient kidney transplant recipients — Zwart et al., British journal of clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
The dried blood spot method via fingerprick showed greater variability than venipuncture for antipsychotic drug concentrations but was feasible in children and adolescents with behavioural problems, and higher risperidone trough concentrations correlated with both increased weight gain and greater effectiveness, enabling definition of a therapeutic window for safer dosing in this population.
[Improving the safety of antipsychotic drugs in children and adolescents by antipsychotic drug concentration measurements using a fingerprick] — Kloosterboer et al., Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
Thirty-eight patients with rheumatic diseases showed high engagement with twice-daily smartphone symptom reporting (95% completion) and remote dried blood spot collection (84% returned samples, all viable for C-reactive protein analysis). Although symptoms varied considerably, clinically meaningful CRP changes were rare, confirming the feasibility of integrating microsampling with patient-generated health data in decentralised rheumatology research.
Remote sampling of biomarkers of inflammation with linked patient generated health data in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: an Ecological Momentary Assessment feasibility study — Druce et al., BMC musculoskeletal disorders
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- biomarkers
- rpm
- digital-biomarker
- multimodal
2022
Capillary blood self-testing using the Hem-Col device demonstrated excellent correlation (r=0.992) and perfect agreement (kappa=1) with venous blood for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Feasibility was markedly lower in participants aged 65 or more, who successfully collected the recommended volume in 62.5% of cases versus 86.2% in younger adults, suggesting older people need additional support such as telephone guidance or assistance from family for home-based sampling to be reliable.
Feasibility of home-based ELISA capillary blood self-testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies — Baggio et al., Practical laboratory medicine
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
2022
Most of the 16 endothelial and immune activation biomarkers remained stable when stored as dried blood spots at refrigeration temperature for up to three months, and storage at -80°C offered no clear advantage over -20°C for venous plasma aliquots; these practical storage conditions enable host biomarker testing in resource-limited and remote settings.
Practical Methods to Permit the Analysis of Host Biomarkers in Resource-Limited Settings — Chandna et al., The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- biomarkers
2022
In an unvaccinated adult cohort in British Columbia, at-home self-collected dried blood spots showed an overall SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity of 2.92%, with higher rates in participants identifying as visible minorities (5.1% vs 2.6%). After adjustment for age and sex, identifying as a visible minority remained the only significant factor associated with antibody detection. This demonstrates the feasibility of decentralised dried blood spot sampling for population serosurveys and highlights inequities that inform public health planning.
Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 in an unvaccinated cohort in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional survey with dried blood spot samples — Racey et al., BMJ open
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2022
A validated LC-MS/MS assay for furosemide in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling (10 µL) showed stability for 161 days when stored dried at -78°C, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates and children.
A whole blood microsampling furosemide assay: development, validation and use in a pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Bamat et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
The study found that acetylsalicylic acid recovered poorly from VAMS blood samples dried at room temperature, reaching only about 31% of the concentration measured in venous control samples, but humidity-controlled drying raised recovery above 85%. A household vacuum sealer achieved adequate humidity control at home, supporting the feasibility of decentralised, patient-centric blood sampling for acetylsalicylic acid monitoring.
Stability of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood collected using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) under various drying conditions — Moon et al., Translational and clinical pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- dct
2022
LC-MS/MS assays successfully validated the quantitation of giredestrant in dried whole blood across 1 to 1000 ng/ml using Mitra and Tasso-M20 microsampling devices. Quantitation was unaffected by haematocrit, hyperlipidaemia or anticoagulants, with ambient stability documented for 84 days on Mitra and 28 days on Tasso-M20.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling-LC-MS/MS assays for quantitation of giredestrant in dried human whole blood — Johnson et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
Among three home-use capillary HbA1c tests, only Home Access approached acceptable accuracy with 82% of results within 5% of venous reference values, while CoreMedica and A1cNow+ achieved just 29% and 46% respectively, all falling short of the 90% standard. This demonstrates that most current home-use glycaemic tests lack the accuracy needed for reliable decentralised diabetes monitoring.
Accuracy of Three Commercial Home-Use Hemoglobin A1c Tests — Jacobsen et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
Neoteryx Mitra sticks and Noviplex cards agreed more closely with venous plasma and gave more repeatable N-glycoprofiling results than dried blood spots, with relative deviance from plasma of 0.092 and 0.069 respectively compared with 0.674 for dried blood spots, and coefficient of variation values of 7.098 per cent and 4.831 per cent against 14.305 per cent for dried blood spots. The findings support these self-sampling devices for decentralised glycoanalysis, though the authors call for larger cohort validation.
Comparison of self-sampling blood collection for N-glycosylation analysis — Cvetko et al., BMC research notes
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
In a Senegalese validation study of 192 infant samples, the Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 Detect point-of-care assays showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 detection with both dried blood spots and whole blood, achieving perfect agreement with reference laboratory methods. This supports decentralised early infant diagnosis in resource-limited settings, reducing turnaround time and improving linkage to care.
Validation of the point-of-care (POC) technologies Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 detect for early diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Senegal — Ndoye et al., The Pan African medical journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Dried blood spot sampling achieved 99% overall assay accuracy with sensitivities from 87.5% to 100% and specificities above 99.2% across vulnerable remote, occupational and clinical groups, enabling decentralised HCV diagnosis with virtually painless capillary collection.
Feasibility of dried blood spot for hepatitis C diagnosis in vulnerable subjects and people living in remote areas from Brazil — Villar et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2022
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) using Neoteryx Mitra devices yields equivalent results to conventional serum samples for aflatoxin B1-lysine analysis when samples are digested with sufficient Pronase at 50 °C. This enables reliable public health exposure assessment from self-collected dried blood samples.
Optimization of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Lysine Analysis for Public Health Exposure Studies — Renaud et al., Toxins
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2022
The study found that automating sample preparation for tacrolimus testing on VAMS devices reduced operator time and improved workflow consistency without compromising agreement with manual methods. This supports the scalability of decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring using patient-centric microsampling.
Automation of tacrolimus measurement on volumetric absorptive microsampling devices by tandem mass spectrometry — Carling et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
The hemaPEN device demonstrated linear measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood with acceptable precision and accuracy, and analytes remained stable for seven days within the device. While haematocrit affected accuracy, it stayed within acceptable limits, suggesting the device could improve decentralised toxicology screening compared with conventional dried blood spot collection.
Evaluation of hemaPEN<sup>®</sup> sampling device for measurement of cocaine and metabolites in capillary blood by LC-MS/MS — Smidt et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- haematocrit
- toxicology
2022
Dried blood spot sampling achieved high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection with strong correlation to paired serum, enabling virtually painless, decentralised specimen collection in community and remote settings where venepuncture is difficult.
Evaluation of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing from dried blood spots collected from cohorts with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection — Catlett et al., Journal of clinical virology plus
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
A capture ELISA on dried blood spot eluates detected SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM with 97.9% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity compared with serum, showed strong correlation (r=0.81), and remained stable even when samples were deliberately rendered inadequate or accidentally damaged; all vaccine recipients were seropositive, supporting the use of DBS self-sampling for decentralised seroprevalence studies and post-vaccine response monitoring.
Simple, sensitive, specific self-sampling assay secures SARS-CoV-2 antibody signals in sero-prevalence and post-vaccine studies — Khan et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
Dried blood spots collected from 272 community participants were successfully analysed for dengue, scrub typhus and leptospirosis IgG, yielding seroprevalences of 7.0%, 4.0% and 5.9% respectively and providing the first evidence of scrub typhus and leptospirosis transmission in Timor-Leste; DBS offers a practical, decentralised approach for integrated serological surveillance with minimal additional fieldwork costs.
Integrated serological surveillance of acute febrile illness in the context of a lymphatic filariasis survey in Timor-Leste: a pilot study using dried blood spots — Arkell et al., Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2022
The study developed and validated a laboratory technique to accurately quantify tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid from the Neoteryx Mitra device in human whole blood, supporting its use for home-based therapeutic drug monitoring in transplant patients.
Application of a new volumetric microsampling device for quantitative bioanalysis of immunosuppression — Leino et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
The authors validated an LC-MS and LC-MS/MS method for quantifying axitinib from 10 microlitre capillary blood collected by VAMS, demonstrating within- and between-run precision within 14% CV and accuracy between 81 and 116% against plasma as the gold standard, making the approach suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in ambulatory and clinical care.
Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of axitinib from plasma and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The study developed and validated a UPLC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling to measure cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, achieving lower limits of quantification of 5 ng/mL for cyclophosphamide and 2.5 ng/mL for the metabolite and meeting FDA validation criteria, which supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method with volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantitate cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide — Harahap et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
The authors validated a quadratic calibration model for automated UV-Vis-based haematocrit prediction from dried blood spots, achieving bias below 0.025 L L-1 and total precision of 2.7%. In therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus, predicted haematocrit values showed good concordance with reference Sysmex measurements, supporting the use of this patient-centric microsampling approach for decentralised immunosuppressant monitoring.
In-depth evaluation of automated non-contact reflectance-based hematocrit prediction of dried blood spots — Boffel et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- haematocrit
2022
Among 1040 Polish healthcare workers tested before vaccine availability, 25.2% were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a two-step protocol of capillary blood rapid screening followed by venous confirmation. This demonstrates capillary sampling as a feasible approach for decentralised infectious disease surveillance in occupational health settings.
Healthcare workers highly affected during the COVID-19 epidemic wave in Poland prior to vaccination availability: seroprevalence study — Rosińska et al., Medycyna pracy (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- serology
2022
Capillary VAMS combined with direct mercury analysis demonstrated strong correlation with venous blood mercury concentrations in adult volunteers, with acceptable accuracy and precision above 1.0 µg/l. Storage in pre-cleaned glass vials following two hours of desiccator drying maintained analyte stability for at least four weeks.
Mercury biomonitoring in German adults using volumetric absorptive microsampling — Koutsimpani-Wagner et al., Environmental monitoring and assessment
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- toxicology
2022
The LC-MS/MS assay for uracil was validated with good accuracy and precision, and uracil concentrations measured in Tasso-SST capillary serum correlated highly with venous plasma (rs 0.910), indicating that capillary microsampling can reliably identify patients with DPD deficiency for safer fluoropyrimidine dosing.
Evaluation of the Tasso-SST® capillary blood microsampling device for the measurement of endogenous uracil levels — Menestrina Dewes et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- oncology
2022
Self-collected dried blood spots enabled a mail-based SARS-CoV-2 serology survey among university affiliates, demonstrating practical feasibility but highlighting challenges in remote recruitment, supply chain constraints, potential sample bias and policy barriers to returning results. Key lessons include the need for clear participant instructions, robust logistics, household data linkage and on-call clinical support to ensure successful decentralised diagnostics.
Optimizing the implementation of a participant-collected, mail-based SARS-CoV-2 serological survey in university-affiliated populations: lessons learned and practical guidance — Cramer et al., BMC public health
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2022
Finger-prick dried blood spots from 60 individuals provided sufficient sample for chromatographic determination of 20 amino acids, 5 keto acids and 24 fatty acids, with several analytes showing significant gender and age dependencies. This validates home self-collection for metabolic screening as a viable alternative to venous blood draw in decentralised diagnostics.
Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans — Laštovičková et al., Biomedical chromatography : BMC (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- metabolome
2022
Noninvasive salivary measurements of creatinine, cystatin C and urea, and fingerstick capillary blood testing, can approximate gold‑standard laboratory results for kidney function. This could enable more frequent, home‑based monitoring to detect CKD progression and AKI episodes without the burdens of conventional venepuncture and laboratory processing.
Novel monitoring of renal function and medication levels in saliva and capillary blood of patients with kidney disease — Beshay et al., Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
2022
An LC-MS/MS method for dried blood spots simultaneously quantifies four therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and estimates haematocrit from haemoglobin peptides with >0.9 correlation to laboratory values, enabling accurate therapeutic drug monitoring from self-collected samples for decentralised care.
Development of an LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify therapeutic mAbs and estimate hematocrit values in dried blood spot samples — Chiu et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
- haematocrit
2022
In a small substudy of psoriasis patients, lateral flow testing for adalimumab agreed very well with ELISA (r=0.95, R2=0.89) and capillary VAMS from finger prick correlated strongly with serum (r=0.87), while patients found home microsampling acceptable, indicating promise for decentralised TDM of biologics and warranting larger validation.
Promising Tools to Facilitate the Implementation of TDM of Biologics in Clinical Practice — Soenen et al., Journal of clinical medicine
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- biologics
2022
Finger-prick VAMS sampling gives results that agree well with venous blood for paracetamol and three of its four metabolites, offering a less burdensome method for pharmacokinetic studies in obese and non-obese patients. Concentrations of APAP-cysteine in dried blood require careful interpretation, as this metabolite showed the largest differences between capillary and venous samples.
Application of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS)-Based Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Four of its Metabolites as a Tool for Pharmacokinetic Studies in Obese and Non-Obese Patients — Boffel et al., Clinical pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
2022
Dried blood spot testing achieved high acceptability among Métis community members in a culturally tailored pilot. Participants valued the ease of self-collection, the reduction of logistical barriers and stigma through event-based delivery, and the provision of Métis-specific services, suggesting that community-centred microsampling can expand HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening in decentralised diagnostics.
Assessing the acceptability of dried blood spot testing for HIV and STBBI among Métis people in a community driven pilot project in Alberta, Canada — Landy et al., BMC health services research
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2022
Volumetric absorptive microsampling with mass spectrometry correlated well with reference methods for haemoglobin A1c, but imprecision fell short of clinical quality standards. The platform successfully identified haemoglobin variants, indicating promise for decentralised proteomic testing while requiring precision improvements for routine use.
Evaluation of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Mass Spectrometry Data-Independent Acquisition of Hemoglobin-Related Clinical Markers — Lima et al., Journal of proteome research (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- biomarkers
2022
A new LC-MS/MS method quantifies four immunosuppressants from one 3.2 mm dried blood spot using cold-induced phase separation, achieving accurate results and favourable interchangeability with a certified whole blood method in 120 paired clinical samples, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Quantification of immunosuppressants from one 3.2 mm dried blood spot by a novel cold-induced phase separation based LC-MS/MS method — Le et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
Menstrual blood HbA1c levels showed strong concordance and a robust linear relationship with systemic venous HbA1c in both healthy and diabetic women, supporting its use as a non-invasive alternative for glycaemic monitoring.
Novel use of menstrual blood for monitoring glycaemic control in patients with diabetes: a proof-of-concept study — Naseri et al., BMJ sexual & reproductive health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
2022
In a pilot study of 100 adults, 70 per cent collected an adequate capillary blood sample using the Tasso-SST device, and among those with an adequate sample results showed high concordance with routine phlebotomy for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, supporting the use of this self-collection system in decentralised diagnostics.
Comparison of a Blood Self-Collection System with Routine Phlebotomy for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing — Wixted et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
2022
Retrospective analysis of 15,218 paired samples from two paediatric centres showed capillary blood counts differ systematically from venous results, with haemoglobin 6.5 g/L higher and platelet count 7.01 × 10⁹/L lower on average. This large-scale evidence enables accurate interpretation of capillary samples in children, which is crucial for patient-centric microsampling in decentralised diagnostics.
Differences between capillary and venous blood counts in children-A data mining approach — Becker et al., International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2022
Fifty-one per cent of racially and ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men returned at least one self-collected specimen, blood, urine, pharyngeal or rectal swabs, or hair, within six weeks when offered for remote HIV and STI screening and pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence testing; most specimens were adequate for laboratory processing. Non-return was associated with lower education, employment, and lower HIV/STI knowledge and concern, indicating that while self-collection is feasible for decentralised diagnostics, targeted engagement strategies are needed.
Study Evaluating Self-Collected Specimen Return for HIV, Bacterial STI, and Potential Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Testing Among Sexual Minority Men in the United States — Sharma et al., American journal of men's health
- blood
- urine
- self-collection
- serology
- sti
2022
In a Ugandan cohort, 96% of participants successfully collected at least 16 of 24 requested at-home dried blood spots, with strong correlation (R=0.93) between parasite RNA detected in self-collected spots and venous blood. The method was well tolerated, indicating self-collected DBS can reliably support decentralised malaria surveillance in endemic settings.
Feasibility of community at-home dried blood spot collection combined with pooled reverse transcription PCR as a viable and convenient method for malaria epidemiology studies — Hergott et al., Malaria journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Researchers validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and metabolites from Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices, achieving acceptable precision (3.0–8.1% intra-day, 6.3–13.3% inter-day) and accuracy (95–114%). Enabling at-home blood collection for therapeutic drug monitoring could reduce toxicity and improve outcomes in oncology patients by supporting individualised dosing.
Measurement of 5- fluorouracil, capecitabine and its metabolite concentrations in blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling technology and LC-MS/MS — Radovanovic et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
2022
Capillary blood self-sampling achieved 98.3% agreement with venous samples for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and 100% for IgA among 60 participants, demonstrating accuracy for vaccine monitoring. Saliva self-collection proved feasible with excellent usability, offering a patient-centric alternative for decentralised immunogenicity assessment.
Self-collection of capillary blood and saliva to determine COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and health professionals — Schmetzer et al., Frontiers in public health
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
2022
PfLDH-detecting rapid tests evaluated in Ethiopian field settings achieved only 69 to 72% sensitivity and 36 to 38% specificity against PCR and immunoassay. This suboptimal performance challenges their suitability for decentralised malaria diagnosis, especially where HRP2 gene deletions require alternative antigen targets.
Field performance of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase rapid diagnostic tests during a large histidine-rich protein 2 deletion survey in Ethiopia — Feleke et al., Malaria journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- serology
2022
Among 92 patients on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, 79.3 per cent returned home-collected kits comprising dried blood spots, urine, and oropharyngeal swabs. Nearly 87.7 per cent were extremely to moderately satisfied with avoiding clinic visits, and mean turnaround fell from 17 to 5 days, showing self-collection is a feasible, patient-centric model for decentralised sexual health and SARS-CoV-2 screening.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Home-Collected Samples for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Laboratory Tests in San Francisco Primary Care Clinics — Saberi et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- blood
- urine
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2022
In Chicago neighbourhood pairs with markedly different COVID-19 case rates, self-collected dried blood spots showed similar anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity, indicating comparable prior exposure and suggesting that social determinants and comorbidities drive the observed disparities in case rates.
Geographic disparities in COVID-19 case rates are not reflected in seropositivity rates using a neighborhood survey in Chicago — Mustanski et al., Annals of epidemiology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- serology
2022
The study validated dried microsampling methods for clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring using VAMS and microfluidic blood spot devices. With extraction yields around 85% and satisfactory precision, these approaches could support decentralised monitoring of psychiatric patients, improving compliance and safety.
Dried Volumetric Microsampling Approaches for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychiatric Patients Undergoing Clozapine Treatment — Marasca et al., Frontiers in psychiatry
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
2022
Dried blood spots collected by fingerprick at home produced SARS-CoV-2 antibody results comparable to plasma or serum in ELISA and commercial assays, reliably detecting responses months after infection and tracking post-vaccination kinetics in a community survey across 12 cities. This demonstrates that self-collected DBS enable longitudinal serosurveillance without phlebotomy, supporting their use in decentralised diagnostics when venous sampling is impractical.
Development and Implementation of Dried Blood Spot-Based COVID-19 Serological Assays for Epidemiologic Studies — Wong et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
Capillary blood collected at home with the MiniCollect device showed good agreement with venous sampling for HbA1c analysis, supporting remote self-collection as a convenient alternative that maintains clinical performance and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Remote capillary blood collection for HbA<sub>1c</sub> measurement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A laboratory and patient perspective — Groenendijk et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2022
A fully remote home-testing model using dried blood spot self-collection and nasal swabs enrolled over 10,000 adults and achieved high retention, but demographic inequities emerged, indicating that remote trials can scale research and improve accessibility while requiring intensive participant support and robust technology to maintain engagement and data quality.
Feasibility and lessons learned on remote trial implementation from TestBoston, a fully remote, longitudinal, large-scale COVID-19 surveillance study — Naz-McLean et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- dct
- serology
2022
Self-collected dried blood spot samples showed 98.1% categorical agreement with venous serum and professional dried blood spot samples showed 100% agreement, enabling at-home serology with robust shipping stability and interference testing.
Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using dried blood spot for at-home collection — Miesse et al., Scientific reports
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2022
The study validated an LC-MS/MS method for measuring eight tyrosine kinase inhibitors in dried blood samples collected via VAMS, showing good accuracy, precision and haematocrit independence. It demonstrated agreement with venous sampling, supporting the use of decentralised, patient-centric microsampling for oncology drug monitoring.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as a suitable tool to monitor tyrosine kinase inhibitors — Verougstraete & Stove, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
The study validated a method to measure cannabidiol, THC and their metabolites in small blood samples collected via VAMS from epilepsy patients, showing it is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in a decentralised setting using a virtually painless technique.
Cannabidiol, ∆<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol, and metabolites in human blood by volumetric absorptive microsampling and LC-MS/MS following controlled administration in epilepsy patients — Pigliasco et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- toxicology
2022
The Tasso SST capillary blood micro-sampling device generated reproducible serum protein measurements, but its concordance with venous samples was analyte-specific: CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and PCT showed strong agreement, while D-dimer, IL-1β and IL-1Ra did not. Self-collection at home with delayed processing led to significant concentration differences for several proteins, underscoring that user proficiency and timely sample handling are critical for decentralised diagnostic applications.
Assessing the use of a micro-sampling device for measuring blood protein levels in healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients — Brandsma et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- biomarkers
2022
Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases found at-home capillary blood self-sampling easy to use, and both patients and clinicians identified benefits such as time and cost savings, increased independence, and reduced COVID-19 infection risk. The approach could complement rheumatology telehealth services, though limited sample volume and usability challenges for those with functional restrictions are important considerations for implementation.
At-home blood self-sampling in rheumatology: a qualitative study with patients and health care professionals — Muehlensiepen et al., BMC health services research
- blood
- capillary
- self-collection
- acceptability
2022
This review outlines practical considerations for using dried blood spot microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring, including patient selection, sampling technique, transport and laboratory analysis, to support its adoption in clinical practice and reduce the need for hospital-based venous sampling.
Best Practices to Implement Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Clinical Practice — Francke et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- tdm
2022
A validated VAMS method quantified ten kinase inhibitors from 20 µL dried capillary blood with linearity (R² 0.994) and six-week room-temperature stability. In vitro VAMS-to-plasma conversion factors were established, and the method proved applicable for clinical routine and home self-collection by patients, enabling remote therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for the quantification of ten kinase inhibitors and determination of their in vitro VAMS-to-plasma ratio — Zimmermann et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- oncology
- haematocrit
2022
LC-MS/MS assay validation for monitoring tacrolimus and creatinine in renal transplant patients demonstrated that volumetric absorptive microsampling is the preferred single-sampling approach compared to traditional dried blood spots and venous sampling.
Analytical and clinical validation of dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling for measurement of tacrolimus and creatinine after renal transplantation — Mathew et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2022
The Tasso OnDemand device was well accepted by participants, with nearly all finding it easy to use and feeling confident they could self-sample at home, and paired self-collected and clinician-collected specimens showed high agreement for HIV, syphilis and creatinine tests. While most users collected enough serum for two monitoring tests, only a third produced sufficient volume for three tests, suggesting a larger-volume device may be preferable for full guideline-recommended PrEP monitoring.
Feasibility of a novel self-collection method for blood samples and its acceptability for future home-based PrEP monitoring — Cannon et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2022
Online postal self-sampling services for sexually transmitted infections are highly acceptable to users and increase overall testing access, but uptake is socially patterned with under-representation of groups disproportionately affected by poor sexual health, and return rates for blood samples are low.
Access to, usage and clinic outcomes of, online postal sexually transmitted infection services: a scoping review — Sumray et al., Sexually transmitted infections
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2021
The honest counterpoint in children: VAMS predicted plasma vancomycin only modestly, venous/arterial VAMS was more accurate than capillary, and 29% of capillary samples were unusable for collection issues: collection technique and training matter as much as the assay.
Comparison of antibiotic sampling techniques: predicting plasma vancomycin from VAMS capillary versus venous/arterial whole blood — Downes et al., Open Forum Infect. Dis.
- vams
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2021
Fully remote, home-collected fingerstick Mitra VAMS samples from 54 participants measured IgG/IgA/IgM against spike and nucleocapsid across seven coronaviruses, cleanly separating pre-pandemic, convalescent and vaccinated groups, supporting VAMS for at-home serosurveillance.
Antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and human coronaviruses: multiplex beads assay and VAMS to generate immune-repertoire cartography — Wang et al., Frontiers in Immunology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- serology
- self-collection
2021
This review found that decentralised, patient-centric home microsampling using Mitra devices is an effective alternative for COVID-19 serosurveillance and clinical trials, enabling high-quality self-collection without clinic visits.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling: its use in COVID-19 research and testing — Rudge, Bioanalysis
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- serology
- self-collection
- validation
2021
A review of VAMS and DBS microsampling for TDM of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, adalimumab, infliximab and others, in inflammatory disease: a convenient, home-friendly alternative to venepuncture that can preserve analytical accuracy, subject to assay-specific validation.
The evolving role of microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory diseases — Mingas et al., Molecules
- vams
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2021
Capillary blood collected in BD Microtainer tubes remained stable for up to 12 days at room temperature and gave accurate HbA1c results when posted back, with high return rates and patient willingness to reuse the system.
Validation and feasibility of a postal system for remote monitoring of HbA1c — Cross et al., BMJ open diabetes research & care
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
2021
Fingerstick plasma collected in Microtainer tubes showed 100% concordance with matched venous plasma on the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, n=109. Fingerstick dried blood spots found high concordance with venous samples, n=61, supporting these microsampling methods for decentralised serology.
Expanding access to SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM serologic testing using fingerstick whole blood, plasma, and rapid lateral flow assays — Anderson et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- dbs
- bd-microtainer
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
A study of 39 paediatric transplant recipients found capillary VAMS microsampling agreed closely with venous sampling for tacrolimus, with 92% of predose and 88% of postdose pairs within ±20% difference. Although sampling was performed in-clinic rather than at home, VAMS shows feasibility for patient-centric, decentralised monitoring.
Tacrolimus Measured in Capillary Volumetric Microsamples in Pediatric Patients-A Cross-Validation Study — Kindem et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
Capillary blood self‑collection with the Tasso‑SST device succeeded in over 93 % of attempts and produced SARS‑CoV‑2 IgG results that agreed closely with venous blood, maintaining 98.9 % overall accuracy after simulated summer and winter shipping. This supports reliable, decentralised serology testing without medical supervision.
Self-collection of capillary blood using Tasso-SST devices for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing — Hendelman et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Delahaye et al reviewed dried-blood microsampling devices for home therapeutic drug monitoring, concluding that while patient willingness and feasibility have been demonstrated, clinical adoption remains limited. They emphasised that more extensive analytical and clinical evaluation is essential to prove real-world utility and enable routine integration.
Alternative Sampling Devices to Collect Dried Blood Microsamples: State-of-the-Art — Delahaye et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- volumetric
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- economics
- haematocrit
2021
A Simoa immunoassay detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in venous and capillary blood and saliva with 98% negative and 90% positive agreement versus molecular testing across symptomatic, asymptomatic and pre‑symptomatic PCR‑positive individuals in days 1–7; N‑protein levels fell as spike‑IgG rose and correlated with saliva RT‑PCR Ct values and between matched saliva and capillary samples, enabling non‑invasive, swab‑independent sample collection for at‑home or point‑of‑care use.
N-protein presents early in blood, dried blood and saliva during asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection — Shan et al., Nature communications
- blood
- saliva
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2021
Capillary whole blood samples yielded comparable results to venous plasma for HbA1c, lipid profile and liver function tests after three days at ambient temperature, and a pilot home-collection kit was found to have good patient usability. This model could enable decentralised monitoring of chronic disease patients during virtual clinics, mitigating infection risk.
The use of whole blood capillary samples to measure 15 analytes for a home-collect biochemistry service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A proposed model from North West London Pathology — Ansari et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2021
Two home-use capillary blood collection kits for HbA1c measurement produced results within 5% of venous values for 96% to 99% of samples across different shipping conditions. The kits were easy to use and yielded comparable results to venous specimens for both paediatric and adult participants, supporting their use in decentralised clinical research and care.
An Evaluation of Two Capillary Sample Collection Kits for Laboratory Measurement of HbA1c — Beck et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2021
Mean anti-Müllerian hormone levels were nearly 24 per cent lower among combined oral contraceptive pill users compared with non-users, showing that patient-centric microsampling can generate real-world evidence to help clinicians interpret fertility biomarkers during contraceptive use.
Anti-Müllerian hormone levels among contraceptive users: evidence from a cross-sectional cohort of 27,125 individuals — Hariton et al., American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
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