The Library

1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.

Papers 301–377 of 377 labelled “urine”, newest first.

2018
Urine self-sampling detected high-risk HPV with 51% sensitivity and 96% specificity compared to clinician-collected cervical samples, showing moderate overall agreement but substantial agreement in women aged 40 and older. This indicates urine testing could serve as a viable screening tool in low-resource settings where clinical collection is challenging, particularly for older women.
Randomized controlled trial evaluating the utility of urine HPV DNA for cervical cancer screening in a Pacific Island population — Hernandez et al., Journal of global health reports (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2018
Urine self-collection detected CIN2/3 with 90.2% sensitivity compared with 93.4% for cervical samples, showing moderate concordance (kappa 0.42) and similar HPV16 detection rates. This validates urine-based HPV screening as a less invasive, patient-centric approach that could expand cervical cancer screening coverage in decentralised healthcare settings.
Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus virus (HPV): a comparative analysis of clinical performance in cervical and urine samples in Chilean women — Buchegger et al., International journal of clinical and experimental pathology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2018
First-void urine is suitable for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium by PCR in first-trimester pregnancy, but it is not suitable for HPV detection, for which vaginal or cervical specimens are preferred.
Detection of urinary Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and human papilloma virus in the first trimester of pregnancy by PCR method — Rahimkhani et al., Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
- sti
2018
Among 250 infertile Iranian men, self-collected first-void urine enabled decentralised detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, yet infection status showed no correlation with sperm chromatin condensation or DNA fragmentation. The study validates first-void urine for remote STI screening in fertility assessment, while indicating sperm quality markers are independent of Chlamydia infection.
Effects of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity — Dehghan Marvast et al., Andrologia (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2018
Self-collected urine from men and vaginal swabs from women detected Chlamydia trachomatis in 8.8% of affluent Chilean youth under 25 years. Having some college education was protective, while a higher number of sexual partners and postcoital bleeding in women were risk factors, showing that decentralised STI screening via self-sampling produces valid epidemiological and clinical insights.
Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Chilean Adolescents and Young Adults — Huneeus et al., Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2018
Xpert MTB/RIF assay on early morning first void urine had moderate sensitivity and high specificity for urinary tuberculosis versus a composite standard and was superior to LED fluorescent smear microscopy as the initial test, supporting its use as a decentralised diagnostic.
Efficacy and role of Xpert® Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin assay in urinary tuberculosis — Samuel et al., Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India
- urine
- first-void
- serology
2018
Volumetric absorptive microsampling provided accurate and precise measurement of key urinary metabolites in alkaptonuria with good recovery and reproducibility, and dried samples compared favourably with liquid specimens, although variable analyte stability may present barriers to routine implementation.
Evaluation of the Mitra microsampling device for use with key urinary metabolites in patients with Alkaptonuria — Taylor et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- urine
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
2018
Self-collected urine and vaginal swabs were feasible for HPV detection with high agreement between matrices, offering a decentralised alternative for women hesitant to attend cervical screening.
A prospective pilot evaluation of vaginal and urine self-sampling for the Roche cobas 4800 HPV test for cervical cancer screening — Hwang et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2018
Among 9207 women in Shenzhen, chlamydia prevalence was 4.12% and gonorrhoea 0.17% by NAAT on self collected urine; risk factors included ethnic minority status, non condom contraception, adverse pregnancy history and recent reproductive tract symptoms, indicating need for targeted decentralised screening and treatment programmes.
Population-based study of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among women in Shenzhen, China: Implications for programme planning — Luo et al., PloS one
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2018
Vaginal swabs achieved 86% sensitivity for five STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus), substantially exceeding the 63% sensitivity of first-void urine in a prospective cohort of female sex workers. This validation supports adopting self-collected vaginal swabs as the consensus sample type for decentralised STI screening programmes.
Identifying a consensus sample type to test for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus — Coorevits et al., Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2018
Self-collection of urine and vaginal swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing increased screening uptake by 28.5% in male and 13.7% in female university students. Female students tested positive at a markedly higher rate via self-collection (12.4%) than via clinician collection (4.8%), indicating that decentralised self-testing reaches higher-risk individuals and improves case detection.
Creating Innovative Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Options for University Students: The Impact of an STI Self-testing Program — Habel et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2017
First-void urine self-collected with the Colli-Pee device detected high-risk HPV with sensitivity for CIN2+ comparable to clinician-taken smears and brush-based self-samples. This supports urine as a viable matrix for decentralised, patient-centric cervical cancer screening.
HPV testing in first-void urine provides sensitivity for CIN2+ detection comparable with a smear taken by a clinician or a brush-based self-sample: cross-sectional data from a triage population — Leeman et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2017
The review concludes that first-void urine is a feasible source for molecular biomarkers, such as host and viral gene methylation, to triage high-risk HPV infections, offering a non-invasive and preferred method for women that may improve screening adherence.
First-void urine: A potential biomarker source for triage of high-risk human papillomavirus infected women — Van Keer et al., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2017
Almost all Chilean adolescents and young adults found self-collection easy for STI testing. Most preferred it to clinician-collected samples and said they would test more often if self-collection were available, supporting its use in decentralised screening programmes.
[Adolescents find it easy to collect their own samples to study sexually transmitted infections] — Huneeus et al., Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- sti
2017
UriSwab provided a practical transport medium for urine-based STI testing, with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids remaining detectable by PCR after up to 16 days' ambient or elevated temperature storage, and Mycoplasma genitalium for up to 10 days. This facilitates patient self-collection and postal return in decentralised sexual health programmes.
UriSwab: an effective transport medium for nucleic acid detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Costa et al., Sexual health (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2017
In women aged 25 years and under attending a large Dublin maternity hospital, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 5.6 per cent, with higher rates in younger and socially disadvantaged groups. Screening antenatal patients may help prevent vertical transmission to the neonate.
Screening for asymptomatic urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection at a large Dublin maternity hospital: results of a pilot study — O'Higgins et al., Irish journal of medical science (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2017
The study standardises leukocyte and interleukin-6 measurements in first-void urine, expressed prostatic secretion and post-massage urine from 541 adults and defines ROC-based cut-offs to distinguish inflammatory from non-inflammatory prostate disease, enabling more precise treatment selection in decentralised settings.
Inflammatory reaction found in prostate-specific material - method standardization and proposed optimal cut-off points — Korrovits et al., Andrology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
2017
Self-collected dry glans swabs detected Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with 91% sensitivity and 99% specificity, showing 98% agreement with clinician-collected swabs. This patient-centric approach enables decentralised STI screening programmes by facilitating non-invasive specimen collection in non-medical venues.
Self-collected glans/meatal 'dry' swab specimen and NAAT technology detects Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - implications for public policy changes — Ferrero et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2017
PCR testing of first-void urine detected Chlamydia trachomatis in 1.6 per cent of asymptomatic pregnant women, and pooling five specimens per pool reduced the number of tests performed by 70 per cent, offering a cost saving approach for decentralised screening.
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infections by polymerase chain reaction in asymptomatic pregnant women with special reference to the utility of the pooling of urine specimens — Sethi et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- urine
- first-void
- economics
- sti
2017
First-void urine testing showed significantly lower overall HPV DNA prevalence in vaccinated male adolescents at 4.1 per cent compared with 10.1 per cent in unvaccinated adolescents, with HPV-16/18 prevalence reduced to zero in the vaccinated group four years after vaccination. The results support bivalent vaccine protective efficacy in men and demonstrate that decentralised HPV screening using self-collected first-void urine is feasible in an adolescent screening context.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence in Male Adolescents 4 Years After HPV-16/18 Vaccination — Lehtinen et al., The Journal of infectious diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hpv
- sti
2017
In 250 Iranian infertile couples followed for 24 months, detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in first-void urine, semen or serum antibodies did not predict tubal factor infertility, pregnancy rate or outcome. This indicates that patient-collected first-void urine screening for these organisms may have limited clinical utility in fertility assessment.
Relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection and pregnancy rate and outcome in Iranian infertile couples — Dehghan Marvast et al., Andrologia (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2017
Self-collected meatal swabs achieved 91% sensitivity and 99% specificity for Chlamydia trachomatis and 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, demonstrating non-inferiority to urine specimens. This supports their use as a patient-centric alternative sample type for decentralised STI diagnostics in men.
Comparison of self-collected meatal swabs with urine specimens for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men — Berry & Stanley, Journal of medical microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2017
In a Yap community-based study, 95 per cent of women reported comfort with self-collected urine HPV testing versus 82 per cent with Pap smears, though 42 per cent preferred a clinician to perform the Pap test. This suggests urine self-collection could improve cervical screening access in underserved low-middle income settings where trained personnel are scarce.
Acceptability and feasibility of a community based participatory research project comparing cytology and urine HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia — Sy et al., Cancer epidemiology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2017
First-void urine self-collection detected HPV with 80% sensitivity versus cervical cells when using a multiplex PCR assay, but only 58% with a less sensitive assay, showing that analytical sensitivity determines feasibility of decentralised STI screening. All five high-grade cervical lesions were identified in urine by at least one assay, confirming urine sampling can support HPV vaccine impact monitoring if sensitive methods are employed.
Evaluation of the performance of Human Papillomavirus testing in paired urine and clinician-collected cervical samples among women aged over 30 years in Bhutan — Tshomo et al., Virology journal
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2017
The Cobas 4800 HPV test detected high-grade pre-cancerous cervical lesions in self-collected vaginal samples with the same sensitivity as clinician-taken cervical samples at 92.8 per cent, while urine self-sampling achieved a lower sensitivity of 76.3 per cent, supporting vaginal self-sampling as a viable decentralised alternative to clinic-based cervical screening.
Vaginal and Urine Self-sampling Compared to Cervical Sampling for HPV-testing with the Cobas 4800 HPV Test — Asciutto et al., Anticancer research (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
The PelvoCheck CT/NG assay detected CT with 98.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity and NG with 98.3% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity in female first-void urine, with performance comparable to FDA-approved NAATs and the first commercial system validated for pooled urine specimens.
Performance evaluation of the PelvoCheck CT/NG test kit for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Meyer et al., BMJ open
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2016
A small-scale trial of pivmecillinam for genital chlamydia was halted after only two of seventeen men who returned self-collected test-of-cure urine samples were cured. The low cure rate underscores the importance of follow-up sampling in decentralised STI management to verify treatment efficacy.
Mecillinam against genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a small-scale proof-of-concept study shows a low cure rate — Nilsen et al., The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2016
In healthy women, first-void urinary and plasma green tea catechins correlated weakly to moderately with lipid profiles and glycated haemoglobin. This supports the utility of non-invasive first-void urine collection for evaluating dietary and cardiometabolic biomarkers in decentralized studies.
Elevated plasma and urinary concentrations of green tea catechins associated with improved plasma lipid profile in healthy Japanese women — Takechi et al., Nutrition research (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- first-void
- biomarkers
2016
Young low-risk heterosexual clients in Amsterdam strongly preferred home-collection kits for chlamydia testing, with 80% choosing this option and 88% returning samples. The 6% positivity rate and absence of other STIs showed home collection could improve clinic efficiency by triaging low-risk clients.
Young Low-Risk Heterosexual Clients Prefer a Chlamydia Home Collection Test to a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Visit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, A Cross-Sectional Study — van Rooijen et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2016
The programme found that men prefer traditional healthcare settings for STI screening, yet community venues such as amateur football clubs were acceptable to about half of sports participants, with high uptake of urine-based screening across different promotional approaches. Self-sampling kits for STIs were highly acceptable, and accelerated partner therapy via telephone hotline or pharmacy assessment achieved partner treatment rates that, while below national standards, exceeded outcomes previously reported from community settings.
The Ballseye programme: a mixed-methods programme of research in traditional sexual health and alternative community settings to improve the sexual health of men in the UK — Estcourt et al., NIHR Journals Library, Southampton
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2016
In 164 patients with genital tract infections, first-void urine testing detected Ureaplasma urealyticum in 15.2%, Mycoplasma hominis in 5.4%, Mycoplasma genitalium in 1.2% and Chlamydia trachomatis in 6%, with uniform susceptibility of U. urealyticum and M. hominis to doxycycline and josamycin; routine screening of these pathogens using first-void urine is warranted to guide treatment and prevent sequelae.
Genital Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in patients with genital tract infections attending a tertiary care hospital of North India — Saigal et al., Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2016
Urine detected HPV with low sensitivity 41 per cent compared with penile swabs but had high specificity 95 per cent; adding urine to swabs may aid epidemiological or clearance studies though urine alone is not comparable to swabs for diagnosis.
Comparison of urine samples and penile swabs for detection of human papillomavirus in HIV-negative Dutch men — Koene et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
In a cross-sectional study across public health testing sites, Chlamydia prevalence was 5.3% in women, 3.2% in heterosexual men and 3.5% in MSM, with the highest rates in women and heterosexual men aged 18-24; most positive cases were asymptomatic. The findings support routine Chlamydia testing for women under 30 and heterosexual men under 25 in HIV testing settings, to detect asymptomatic infection.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women, heterosexual men and MSM visiting HIV counselling institutions in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany - should Chlamydia testing be scaled up? — Lallemand et al., BMC infectious diseases
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2016
Urine self-samples showed good agreement with cervical samples for HPV DNA detection (κ=0.65) and viral load correlation (ρ=0.676), with stronger correlation in severe lesions. This supports urine sampling as a valid alternative for decentralised follow-up of HPV intervention trials and screening programmes, enabling home-based monitoring without clinic visits.
Long-Term Follow-up of HPV Infection Using Urine and Cervical Quantitative HPV DNA Testing — Vorsters et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2016
Blood phenylalanine concentrations affected peripheral neurotransmitter biomarker concentrations differently in each of nine adults with phenylketonuria. Melatonin increased with tetrahydrobiopterin therapy only when blood phenylalanine fell, indicating that monitoring metabolites in first‑void urine and blood could help optimise individualised treatment.
Evaluation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Therapy with Large Neutral Amino Acid Supplementation in Phenylketonuria: Effects on Potential Peripheral Biomarkers, Melatonin and Dopamine, for Brain Monoamine Neurotransmitters — Yano et al., PloS one
- urine
- first-void
- biomarkers
2016
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with antimicrobial peptide lysis detected Chlamydia trachomatis directly in first-void urine with 100 per cent specificity and 73 per cent sensitivity, eliminating DNA extraction steps and enabling decentralised testing in resource-limited environments.
Combination with antimicrobial peptide lyses improves loop-mediated isothermal amplification based method for Chlamydia trachomatis detection directly in urine sample — Jevtuševskaja et al., BMC infectious diseases
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2016
In patients coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, median time to clearance after treatment was 7 days for RNA and 6 days for DNA, with 95 per cent clearing RNA by day 13 and DNA by day 14; the authors recommend performing a test of cure at least 14 days after starting treatment, as a positive result shortly after is likely a blip rather than treatment failure or reinfection.
Time to clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis RNA and DNA after treatment in patients coinfected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae - a prospective cohort study — Wind et al., BMC infectious diseases
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2016
The study of 250 infertile men found that Chlamydia trachomatis infection detected in first-void urine by PCR was associated with lower semen volume, while seminal interleukin levels showed non-significant elevation. This supports the use of patient-centric first-void urine and blood samples for screening sexually transmitted infections in decentralised fertility diagnostics.
Semen inflammatory markers and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male partners of infertile couples — Dehghan Marvast et al., Andrologia (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2016
First-void urine HPV DNA testing showed 64.72% prevalence against 60.00% for cervical samples, with substantial concordance for the four vaccine types. This validates first-void urine as a patient-centric alternative specimen for decentralised cervical screening and HPV vaccination monitoring programmes.
Comparison between Urine and Cervical Samples for HPV DNA Detection and Typing in Young Women in Colombia — Cómbita et al., Cancer prevention research (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- hpv
2016
In a prospective cohort of patients with anogenital gonorrhoea, self-collected urine samples tested with modern RNA-based and DNA-based NAATs showed 100% clearance after treatment, with median time to clearance of 2 days (range 1–7 days for RNA-based and 1–15 days for DNA-based NAAT). The authors recommend performing test-of-cure at least 7 days after therapy for RNA-based NAATs and 14 days for DNA-based NAATs, while considering isolated positive blips and possible reinfection when interpreting results.
Test of Cure for Anogenital Gonorrhoea Using Modern RNA-Based and DNA-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests: A Prospective Cohort Study — Wind et al., Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2015
Screening both partners increased detection of positive couples compared with screening only one partner; routine urine screening of the female partner may substantially underestimate prevalence within the couple, leaving many infected couples undiagnosed.
Discordant prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic couples screened by two screening approaches — Corbeto et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- sti
2015
PCR on first-void urine detected Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in five patients and showed high sensitivity and specificity, supporting the use of self-collected urine for decentralised STI diagnosis.
Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Diagnostic Tool for Six Sexually Transmitted Infections - Preliminary Results — Grad et al., Clujul medical
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
In Croatian men, trichomoniasis was more common in those with urethritis symptoms than in those without, and real-time PCR detected more infections than wet mount microscopy or culture, indicating higher sensitivity for decentralised STI screening using first-void urine.
Epidemiology and laboratory characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Croatian men with and without urethritis syndrome: a case-control study — Sviben et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
The study found a high prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in rural Haitian men using self-collected first-void urine samples, supporting the use of decentralised urine sampling for STI screening in resource-limited settings.
Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural Haitian men — Downey et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
The study found that IgG seropositivity against Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly higher in infertile women than in pregnant controls (15% versus 0%), but PCR positivity in first-void urine was very low, with only one of 80 samples positive across all three primer sets. The authors concluded that serological screening is more diagnostically useful than first-void urine PCR for identifying chlamydial infection in infertile women in this setting.
Association of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection with Female Infer-tility, Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India — Ghosh et al., The open microbiology journal
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- serology
- sti
2015
Over a five-year period, first-void urine PCR identified Chlamydia trachomatis in 4% of attendees at a university STI clinic, with 85% of cases being asymptomatic. The findings support urine-based screening for decentralised diagnostics, especially among young patients and sexual partners where prevalence was 5.2%.
Screening for Chlamydia infection in a sexually transmitted infection clinic: a missed opportunity? — Pedrosa et al., International journal of dermatology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
In Argentinian college students, first-void urine DNA amplification detected Chlamydia trachomatis in 3.5% of 114 valid samples, with risk factors of seven or more lifetime partners and a new partner in the last four months; this moderate circulation supports targeted screening and preventive measures in this population.
[Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and factors with the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections in college students] — Occhionero et al., Revista Argentina de microbiologia (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2015
Automated urine flow cytometry of first-void urine, using a threshold of 29 white cells per microlitre, achieved 69% sensitivity and 92% specificity for Mycoplasma genitalium or Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a validation cohort of 228 patients. The approach detected significantly more asymptomatic infections than clinical assessment alone, indicating potential for non-invasive point-of-care screening of sexually transmitted infections.
Performance evaluation of automated urine microscopy as a rapid, non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis — Pond et al., Sexually transmitted infections
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
2015
Urine microsampling for HPV DNA shows high correlation with cervical infections and enables home self-collection, which simplifies follow-up in vaccine efficacy trials. Establishing standardised sampling guidelines could overcome current variability and support decentralised, patient-centric monitoring of viral endpoints.
The use of urine in the follow-up of HPV vaccine trials — Vorsters et al., Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2015
The cross-sectional survey of 1541 HIV-positive men found high rates of genital mycoplasma co-infection, Ureaplasma urealyticum in 26.7 per cent and Mycoplasma hominis in 25.3 per cent, using first-void urine. This demonstrates the clinical value of urine-based screening for STI co-infection surveillance in HIV cohorts within decentralised diagnostic workflows.
Epidemiology of Mycoplasma acquisition in male HIV-1 infected patients: a multistage cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China — Chen et al., Epidemiology and infection (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- sti
2015
The study found Mycoplasma genitalium in 16% of infertile women versus none in fertile controls, using first-void urine and other specimens. Detection in first-void urine supports decentralised screening for this STI in infertility assessment, particularly as most cases were asymptomatic and associated with tubal pathology.
Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility in North Indian women — Rajkumari et al., Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- sti
2015
The study found that 10.5% of women in three districts of Tamil Nadu were HPV positive, with HPV16 and HPV6 being the most common types. This supports the use of first-void urine sampling in decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes for HPV in low-resource settings.
A population-based study of the prevalence of HPV in three districts of Tamil Nadu, India — Sureshkumar et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- serology
- hpv
2015
Urine-based laboratory testing was the most preferred HPV screening modality among Zambian women. However, only 39.7% would choose it over visual inspection when service delivery conditions were less favourable, showing that patient acceptance of decentralised screening depends strongly on implementation factors such as examiner characteristics and waiting times.
Preference for human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening: results of a choice-based conjoint study in Zambia — Chamot et al., Journal of lower genital tract disease (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2015
A service evaluation of the Gen-Probe APTIMA test at a UK sexual health clinic found Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence of 1.4% in men and 3.6% in women. Asymptomatic men provided self-collected first-void urine and asymptomatic women self-collected vulvovaginal specimens, and the study concluded that targeted screening of high-risk asymptomatic groups is more cost-effective than universal screening, supporting decentralised STI testing strategies.
A service evaluation of the Gen-Probe APTIMA nucleic acid amplification test for Trichomonas vaginalis: should it change whom we screen for infection? — Hathorn et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- sti
2015
First-void urine from autistic children showed significantly elevated kininogen-1 compared with controls, suggesting urine proteomics could yield non-invasive screening markers for autism. The finding supports decentralised diagnostics because urine can be self-collected at home, even in paediatric populations, enabling remote biomarker discovery.
Urine proteome analysis to evaluate protein biomarkers in children with autism — Suganya et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2015
Self-collected urine samples from 2034 tribal girls aged 9-25 years showed 12.9% HPV prevalence, rising to 19.2% among 18-25-year-olds. High-risk types comprised 65% of infections, with HPV16 accounting for 54%. This supports urine-based self-collection as a feasible tool for decentralised HPV screening in underserved populations.
Higher prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in adolescent and young adult girls belonging to different Indian tribes with varied socio-sexual lifestyle — Sharma et al., PloS one
- urine
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hpv
- sti
2015
A home-based urine HPV self-sampling study invited 5000 French women who had not attended cervical screening for three years; 771 samples were returned and 687 were analysed. High-risk HPV was detected in 29 women, and follow-up screening identified three cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, showing that urine testing can reach underscreened populations and detect clinically significant disease.
Home-based urinary HPV DNA testing in women who do not attend cervical cancer screening clinics — Ducancelle et al., The Journal of infection (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2015
The authors developed and validated a chiral GC-MS method to quantify D-amino acid ratios in 1 mL first-void urine samples. In a study of 40 pregnant women, those with gestational diabetes mellitus showed altered urinary D-amino acid profiles compared to controls, suggesting that minimally invasive urine metabolomics could support decentralised screening for pregnancy-related metabolic disorders.
Optimization and validation of a chiral GC-MS method for the determination of free D-amino acids ratio in human urine: application to a gestational diabetes mellitus study — Lorenzo et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2014
The honest counterpoint: many liquid-urine parameters, creatinine, iodine, nitrogen and minerals, remained valid after 12–15 years frozen at −22 °C without preservative.
Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical-chemical parameters under moderate freezing without preservatives — Remer, Montenegro-Bethancourt & Shi, Clinical Biochemistry (paywalled)
- pediatric
- liquid
- urine
- validation
- biomarkers
2014
Mailed at-home stool self-collection was feasible: ~20% of those approached enrolled and ~80% of those returned a usable specimen: workable, but recruitment depends on active, well-timed follow-up.
Feasibility of self-collection of fecal specimens by randomly sampled women for gut-microbiome studies — Feigelson et al., BMC Research Notes
- self-collection
- microbiome
- stool
- urine
- validation
2014
Collecting a first-void sample, not midstream, and combining it immediately with a DNA-conservation buffer markedly improves urinary HPV DNA detection: suboptimal collection otherwise underestimates true prevalence.
Optimization of HPV DNA detection in urine by improving collection, storage, and extraction — Vorsters et al., European J. Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (paywalled)
- first-void
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2014
A US survey of 3,400 adults aged 62 to 90 collected up to 15 biomeasures at home, including saliva, dried blood spots and urine, with Salivette and Oragene among the devices used, which shows that several patient-centric sampling methods can run together in home-based research.
Continuity and innovation in the data collection protocols of the second Wave of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project — Jaszczak et al., The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (paywalled)
- actigraphy
- multimodal
- blood
- dbs
- cortisol
- dna-genotek-oragene
- self-collection
- dried
- bd-microtainer
- hormones
- liquid
- urine
- saliva
- biomarkers
- genotyping
2014
In 126 asymptomatic men, first-void urine testing for threads and leucocyte esterase achieved a 96% negative predictive value for non-specific urethritis, meaning a negative result effectively rules out the condition. This supports using first-void urine as a screening tool in decentralised sexual health diagnostics, potentially reducing unnecessary further testing.
Testing for 'threads' and leucocyte esterase in first-void urine to exclude the diagnosis of non-specific urethritis in asymptomatic men — Pallawela et al., Sexual health (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
Higher vegetable and carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower urinary estrogen DNA adduct ratio in healthy pre‑menopausal women, suggesting dietary factors may modulate a biomarker linked to breast cancer risk.
Associations between Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in relation to Urinary Estrogen DNA Adduct Ratio — Reding et al., Open journal of preventive medicine (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- biomarkers
2014
Self-collected urine showed substantial agreement with self-collected vaginal samples for HPV DNA detection among 63 pregnant women, with a kappa of 77.3%. Urine may therefore serve as a reliable sample for HPV testing in pregnancy, supporting decentralised screening without a clinician-collected specimen.
Comparison of urine and self-collected vaginal samples for detecting human papillomavirus DNA in pregnant women — Franciscatto et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2014
Among 406 men at a Chinese STD clinic, 28.1% had Mycoplasma genitalium infection detected by PCR on first-void urine; infection was associated with younger age, higher education, single status, lack of recent STD symptoms, inconsistent condom use with steady partners, and recent sexual contact with female sex workers. This supports decentralised STI screening using self-collected first-void urine.
An epidemiological study of Mycoplasma genitalium infections among males attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Guangxi, China — Zheng et al., Japanese journal of infectious diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
In men with Mycoplasma genitalium positive non-chlamydial urethritis, higher leukocyte counts in first-void urine predicted persistence of the organism after antimicrobial chemotherapy; a threshold of 10 leukocytes per microlitre between days 18 and 24 was most strongly associated with treatment failure.
Prediction of the persistence of Mycoplasma genitalium after antimicrobial chemotherapy by quantification of leukocytes in first-void urine from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis — Ito et al., Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
Leucocyte esterase dipstick testing of first-void urine from 292 asymptomatic Aboriginal men in central Australia detected gonorrhoea or chlamydia with 66.7% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity, giving a negative predictive value of 93.7%. This supports use of the dipstick to guide immediate empirical treatment in primary care, especially when combined with age ≤35 years where specificity rose to 94.7%.
Using urinary leucocyte esterase tests as an indicator of infection with gonorrhoea or chlamydia in asymptomatic males in a primary health care setting — Rahman et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
First-void urine self-collection detected bacterial vaginosis with sensitivity comparable to vaginal swabs when analysed by quantitative PCR for seven key vaginal bacteria. This supports decentralised screening for BV and sexually transmitted infections using patient-collected samples.
Characterization of the vaginal microflora in health and disease — Datcu, Danish medical journal (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- microbiome
- sti
2014
Urine-based HPV DNA testing demonstrated 76% agreement with cervical sampling, correctly identifying 100% of uninfected but only 65% of infected women in a high-risk population. All 12 discrepant pairs were urine-negative/cervix-positive, confirming that self-collected urine is substantially less sensitive than cervical sampling for HPV screening.
Urine-based human papillomavirus DNA testing as a screening tool for cervical cancer in high-risk women — Mendez et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2014
First-void urine specimens yielded accurate bacterial vaginosis diagnosis by qPCR for Megasphaera type 1 and Prevotella spp, with sensitivity and specificity matching vaginal swabs. This supports decentralised screening through non-invasive self-collection, removing the need for clinician-collected vaginal samples.
Bacterial vaginosis diagnosed by analysis of first-void-urine specimens — Datcu et al., Journal of clinical microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2014
First-void urine sampling detected Mycoplasma genitalium in only 2 of 145 infertile men and in none of 49 asymptomatic controls, a prevalence markedly lower than in other reported cohorts. This indicates that decentralised STI screening can produce unexpectedly low yields in certain populations, underscoring the need for local validation of patient-centric diagnostic strategies.
Unusually low prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls: a prevalence study — Plecko et al., BMJ open
- urine
- first-void
- fertility
- sti
2014
In 230 women, HPV detection in self-collected urine showed 90 per cent agreement with cervical sampling (κ=0.80), with 97 per cent concordance for high-risk types. High viral load in urine correlated with cytological abnormalities, suggesting urine self-sampling could enable decentralised cervical cancer screening with good accuracy.
Interest of human papillomavirus DNA quantification and genotyping in paired cervical and urine samples to detect cervical lesions — Ducancelle et al., Archives of gynecology and obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2014
In an urban emergency department, only 20% of women aged 19-25 presenting with dysuria and diagnosed with urinary tract infection were tested for chlamydia, and 21% of those tested were positive, yet only 42% of positive cases received effective treatment; the authors argue that routine sexual history taking and the availability of self-administered vaginal swab and first-void urine chlamydia tests could improve detection.
Dysuria in the emergency department: missed diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis — Wilbanks et al., The western journal of emergency medicine
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
In a cross-over study of adults with phenylketonuria, adding tryptophan and tyrosine to large neutral amino acid therapy increased urine dopamine but not melatonin metabolite levels, indicating serotonin synthesis remains suppressed by phenylalanine. The protocol demonstrates first-void urine sampling can support therapeutic drug monitoring for metabolic disorders.
Melatonin and dopamine as biomarkers to optimize treatment in phenylketonuria: effects of tryptophan and tyrosine supplementation — Yano et al., The Journal of pediatrics (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- hormones
- biomarkers
2014
Among 1381 asymptomatic patients under 30 at French screening clinics, 7.6% tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, 0.58% for Mycoplasma genitalium, and 0.36% for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by PCR of first-void urine. The findings support systematic chlamydia screening but not gonorrhoea or mycoplasma screening in this decentralised, patient-centric setting.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic patients under 30 years of age screened in a French sexually transmitted infections clinic — Clarivet et al., European journal of dermatology : EJD (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- sti
2014
In a cross-sectional study of 409 men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, the overall prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium was 8.1%, with 3.4% positivity in first-void urine and 5.4% in rectal swabs; urethral infection was associated with more heterosexual behaviours and recent unprotected anal intercourse, while rectal infection was linked to HIV infection, indicating the need for targeted screening of self-collected specimens in this population.
The prevalence of urethral and rectal Mycoplasma genitalium among men who have sex with men in China, a cross-sectional study — Zheng et al., BMC public health
- urine
- first-void
- sti

Read from the corpus on 2026-09-09.