The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 201–300 of 734 labelled “self-collection”, newest first.
2025
Self-collected urine and vaginal samples for hrHPV and CIN2+ detection showed high diagnostic accuracy and acceptability compared with clinician sampling, supporting their use as viable alternatives that could improve screening accessibility and compliance in decentralised settings.
Feasibility and acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling compared with clinician sampling in urban areas of western China: a cross-sectional survey — Xue et al., Frontiers in public health
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
Only 24% of participants completed this two-cycle feasibility study of AI-interpreted salivary ferning for ovulation prediction in females with irregular cycles, with 44% withdrawing citing cycle irregularity, pregnancy, or time constraints. The authors concluded that decentralised fertility trials must streamline procedures and provide ovulatory health education to improve retention and reduce burden before smartphone-based diagnostics can be scaled for this population.
Digitally Enabled AI-Interpreted Salivary Ferning-Based Ovulation Prediction: Feasibility Study — Peebles et al., Journal of medical Internet research
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2025
Among children of parents with bipolar disorder, saliva samples collected at home over two days showed that improvements in family organisation during a six-month prevention programme were associated with adaptive changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, including elevated cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal slope. These results indicate that decentralised saliva collection can capture clinically meaningful neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial interventions in at-risk paediatric populations.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and the impact of the family environment: A pilot study of the Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) prevention program — Ping et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2025
The Ovul portable device, which analyses dried saliva crystallisation patterns to detect the fertile window, achieved 97.4% sensitivity and 97.6% accuracy in women with idiopathic infertility, outperforming urine test strips while both methods maintained 100% specificity against folliculometry. This supports its use as a decentralised, patient‑centric tool for home fertility monitoring that could reduce costs and improve convenience.
Effectiveness of using ferning of the dried saliva crystallization to determine the fertile window in women with idiopathic infertility — Kolomiichenko et al., Wiadomosci lekarskie (paywalled)
- saliva
- dried
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
2025
In 404 symptomatic patients, self-collected nasal swabs and saliva showed almost perfect agreement with healthcare-collected nasopharyngeal swabs for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A RNA. Performance and reproducibility were favourable, and collection without viral transport media offers practical advantages for decentralised screening.
Evaluation of alternative clinical samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus by automated multiplex RT-PCR — Özarslan et al., Journal of infection in developing countries (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
In women with endometriosis, longer individual exercise sessions were associated with lower levels of salivary c-reactive protein and estradiol, as well as reduced pain and fat mass. The results demonstrate the utility of timed, at-home saliva self-collection for assessing systemic biomarkers in reproductive health research.
Is exercise duration more important than intensity in endometriosis? — Hartmann et al., BMC women's health
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2025
In an adolescent with cerebral palsy undergoing a home-based, remotely supervised sprint-intensity interval training intervention, dried blood spot testing demonstrated a 37.8% reduction in triglycerides and a 15.4% improvement in total cholesterol to HDL ratio. This illustrates how remote microsampling can support decentralized metabolic monitoring in pediatric disability rehabilitation.
Sprint-Intensity Arm Interval Training May Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Among Children With Mobility Disabilities: Case Report — Dean et al., JMIR formative research
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2025
The review identifies neurofilament light chain, brain-derived tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein and soluble TREM2 as fluid biomarkers that could monitor axonal damage and glial activation in hereditary spastic paraplegia. It proposes that dried blood spot collection enables minimally invasive longitudinal monitoring of these biomarkers, supporting patient-centred care models for this genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease.
Fluid Biomarkers in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A Narrative Review and Integrative Framework for Complex Neurodegenerative Mechanisms — Cipriano et al., Genes
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Gargling was less sensitive than throat swabbing for detecting pharyngeal gonorrhoea (85.9% versus 97.2%), though patients preferred gargle samples. This suggests gargle samples can be used as an alternative specimen in decentralised STI screening but with reduced sensitivity compared to throat swabs.
Pharyngeal gonococcal infection and the sensitivity of oral gargle samples in comparison to self-collected throat swabs for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in persons in Tyrol, Austria — Kitchen et al., Infection (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- sti
2025
First-void urine self-collection achieved almost perfect agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for high-risk HPV detection (prevalence-adjusted kappa 0.95 for HPV16). The method showed comparable sensitivity and specificity ratios for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse, supporting its use as a decentralised screening alternative.
A United States study of self-collected urine vs clinician-collected cervical sample for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse detection: Cross-sectional agreement and diagnostic accuracy study — Young et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urine-based HPV testing demonstrated 74% sensitivity and 52% specificity for detecting CIN2+, with performance improving when first-void collection and PCR-based assays were used. Although less sensitive than clinician-collected cervical samples, urine testing was preferred by over 90% of women, indicating potential as a complementary screening strategy to improve uptake.
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
A randomised trial of 13,061 under-screened French women found that mailing vaginal or first-void urine self-sampling kits for HPV testing increased participation in cervical cancer screening to 23.5 to 23.6 per cent, compared with 12.9 per cent for conventional physician invitation letters. This demonstrates that decentralised, patient-centric screening can substantially improve population coverage.
Mailing Vaginal or Urine Self-Sampling Kits versus Conventional Invitation Letters: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Cervical Cancer Screening Attendance — Lefeuvre et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
2025
All five at-home urine ovulation predictor kits demonstrated high accuracy (92–97%) when compared with blood LH levels, though sensitivity varied widely from 38% to 77% with Clinical Guard the lowest. Patient experience was comparable across kits, though Clinical Guard was slightly less favoured for future use.
Similar accuracy and patient experience with different one-step ovulation predictor kits — Vanderhoff et al., Fertility and sterility (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- fertility
- hormones
2025
A coffee-ring biosensor detected sepsis, COVID-19 and cancer proteins from self-collected saliva down to 3 pg/ml within 12 minutes, achieving sensitivity more than 100-fold higher than lateral flow assays. The system uses a smartphone camera and AI analysis, providing a rapid, affordable platform for decentralised protein diagnostics.
Plasmonic coffee-ring biosensing for AI-assisted point-of-care diagnostics — Behrouzi et al., Nature communications
- saliva
- self-collection
- serology
- biomarkers
2025
The authors observe that self-sampling devices for capillary blood are gaining traction as a patient-preferred alternative to venous collection, with one centre reporting a 15 percent reduction in laboratory test volumes when local collection was offered. They argue that successful integration into total laboratory automation requires addressing cost, transport regulations and sample volume adequacy while ensuring robust device design and seamless workflow compatibility.
Blood self-sampling devices: innovation, interpretation and implementation in total lab automation — Poland & Cobbaert, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- acceptability
2024
At-home capillary microsampling carried pharmacokinetic sampling across the Paxlovid phase II/III programme, with fewer than 3% of more than 800 samples unusable, and the resulting data supported the Emergency Use Authorization and subsequent FDA approval: remotely collected samples accepted in a registrational filing.
Patient Centric Microsampling to Support Paxlovid Clinical Development: Bridging and Implementation — Wan et al., Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (paywalled)
- dct
- volumetric
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2024
Head-to-head clinical validation of two VAMS devices for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with roughly 86–88% of samples within ±20% of venous.
Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression — Leino et al., British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2024
In at-home and trial settings, a wet capillary device reliably collected a median ~450 µL with a 4.4% failure rate; 88% of adults preferred self-collection over venipuncture, with lower pain.
Feasibility, acceptability and safety of a device for self-collecting capillary blood in clinical trials — Dasari et al., PLOS ONE
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- pediatric
- liquid
- validation
2024
An independent VALHUDES evaluation found HPV screening on Colli-Pee first-void urine detected high-grade cervical lesions with sensitivity comparable to clinician-collected cervical samples, reinforcing urine self-sampling for cervical screening.
Clinical Performance of the OncoPredict HPV Screening Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Specimens (VALHUDES) — Giubbi et al., J. Medical Virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- urine
- validation
2024
A study of 301 adults with epilepsy providing 464 measurements found that patient-centric capillary VAMS microsampling showed good agreement with plasma for seven of 13 antiseizure medicines, such as carbamazepine and levetiracetam. However, systematic differences remained for valproate, primidone, topiramate, and zonisamide, meaning decentralised monitoring is feasible for most but some drugs need further evaluation.
Fingerprick volumetric absorptive microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiseizure medications: Reliability and real-life feasibility in epilepsy patients — Cancellerini et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
2024
Self-collected rectal and pharyngeal specimens showed high agreement and diagnostic accuracy compared to clinician-taken samples for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The approach was highly acceptable to participants, the majority of whom preferred self-sampling to clinician-sampling.
Performance and acceptability of self-collected specimens for diagnosis of rectal and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial — Jiang et al., BMC infectious diseases
- acceptability
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
2024
The study found excellent agreement between hCG levels measured in remotely collected capillary blood and standard venous samples, with a near-perfect correlation. This demonstrates that remote self-collection is a feasible and acceptable alternative for serial pregnancy monitoring, reducing the need for clinic visits.
Proof-of-concept study: Remote capillary blood collection for hCG analysis in early pregnancy — Joyce et al., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- fertility
- hormones
- liquid
2024
In a cross-sectional study of 90 adolescents, 94 per cent provided at least one salivary sample and 89 per cent supplied a stool sample, with high adherence to study instructions, indicating that self-collection of these biospecimens is feasible and acceptable in this age group.
Engaging adolescents in research: Home self-collection of biological samples and health questionnaires — Leung et al., Research in nursing & health (paywalled)
- acceptability
- self-collection
- microbiome
- pediatric
- stool
- saliva
2024
A validated LC-MS/MS assay successfully measured 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva, requiring only 50 microlitres, or down to 2 to 5 microlitres for nine analytes. This shows saliva's viability for non-invasive, patient-centric microsampling and decentralised monitoring in paediatric, neonatal and adult populations.
An LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva: potential utility for paediatric population and beyond — Dahl et al., Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation (paywalled)
- cortisol
- self-collection
- steroids
- pediatric
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2024
A pilot RCT found home self-sampling tools substantially increased screening uptake for colorectal cancer, 75% vs 13%, and cervical cancer, 79% vs 8%, versus standard reminders among underserved patients, with abnormal findings in a quarter of returned tests. The study was limited by small sample size and short follow-up.
Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial — Moss et al., JNCI cancer spectrum
- stool
- self-collection
- colorectal
- hpv
2024
Self-collected oral sponge sampling found high accuracy for HPV DNA detection in oral cancer patients, with 100% specificity, 85.7% sensitivity and an AUC of 0.93, compared to oral rinse. The authors note larger cohorts are required to confirm performance.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Detection in Oral Rinse vs. Oral Sponge: A Preliminary Accuracy Report in Oral Cancer Patients — Panzarella et al., Cancers
- self-collection
- hpv
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2024
Patterned DBS cards meter reproducible volumes of dried blood across a range of haematocrits, allowing accurate white blood cell counts by qPCR that match HemoCue measurements. This enables reliable at-home sampling for populations without easy access to clinical facilities.
Hematocrit-Independent Sampling Enables White Blood Cell Counts from Patterned Dried Blood Spot Cards — Tierney et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2024
Capillary sampling for carcinoembryonic antigen showed near perfect agreement with venous results and was preferred by most participants, supporting reliable home based collection that could reduce hospital visits.
Feasibility, reliability and satisfaction of (automated) capillary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements for future home-based blood sampling: the prospective CASA-I study — Voigt et al., Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- oncology
- colorectal
- capillary
- yourbio
2024
Capillary blood self-collection yielded protein concentrations that matched venipuncture for only a minority of analytes, with 34 of 230 proteins showing acceptable correlation and low variability, while the remainder were more variable; this suggests capillary sampling can support decentralised proteomics for a subset of proteins but may not be universally interchangeable with venipuncture.
Capillary blood self-collection for high-throughput proteomics — El-Sabawi et al., Proteomics
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- liquid
- biomarkers
2024
Capillary finger prick sampling at home showed close agreement with venous sampling for measuring infliximab, vedolizumab and CRP, with no systematic bias and high patient tolerability and practicality, supporting decentralised monitoring of biologic therapy in IBD.
Clinical Validation of a Capillary Blood Home-Based Self-Sampling Technique for Monitoring of Infliximab, Vedolizumab, and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease — Otten et al., Inflammatory bowel diseases
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- biologics
2024
This review found saliva comparable to blood and urine for detecting viral genetic material and antibodies, supporting patient-centric monitoring and decentralised surveillance. The authors state that standardised protocols and further validation are required for routine clinical use.
The Emergence of Saliva as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Viral Infections — Oliveira et al., Viruses
- blood
- self-collection
- serology
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- saliva
- biomarkers
2024
Primary caregivers of children with metabolic disorders found at-home dried blood spot collection acceptable after training, which could enable more timely and cost-effective monitoring. This supports the feasibility of decentralised, patient-centric sampling for long-term condition management.
Acceptability of dried blood spot collection by primary caregivers of Filipino patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) — Merencilla et al., Journal of community genetics (paywalled)
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- pediatric
2024
This retrospective case series found that a protocol combining home-based urinary hormone testing with a smartphone application supported fertility management and family planning without unintended pregnancies. The findings suggest that integrating self-collected urinary data with digital tools offers a viable decentralised approach for ovulation prediction.
Helping Patients to Predict and Confirm Ovulation with the Use of Combined Urinary Hormonal and Smartphone Technology: A Proof-of-Concept Retrospective Descriptive Case Series — Leiva & Ecochard, Seminars in reproductive medicine
- multimodal
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- urine
2024
Microsampling enables less invasive, patient-centric self-collection of capillary blood for remote monitoring of metabolites and lipids, overcoming conventional venipuncture constraints. Recent device innovations address dried blood spot limitations, particularly haematocrit and volume variations, expanding decentralised applications in population health, drug discovery and multi-omics research.
Revolutionizing Blood Collection: Innovations, Applications, and the Potential of Microsampling Technologies for Monitoring Metabolites and Lipids — Bossi et al., Metabolites
- multimodal
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- biomarkers
- multi-omics
2024
Preliminary data from the HOT4PrEP trial show 67% of participants offered home-based PrEP monitoring chose to self-collect blood and STI samples at home, and 82% of these successfully returned kits. This demonstrates feasibility and acceptability of decentralised microsampling for HIV prevention, which may improve PrEP retention and expand clinical capacity.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Home-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring Option: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial — Cannon et al., JMIR research protocols
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
- dct
- sti
2024
In subfertile women, urinary microbiota profiles correlated strongly with vaginal profiles but contained fewer species, indicating that vaginal sampling is preferable for predicting fertility treatment outcomes.
Clinical Applicability of Microbiota Sampling in a Subfertile Population: Urine versus Vagina — Koedooder et al., Microorganisms
- urine
- self-collection
- fertility
- microbiome
2024
Transgender women in Uganda initially anxious about point-of-care urine tenofovir testing for PrEP adherence monitoring found it acceptable after counselling, though test interpretation caused confusion as two lines indicated non-adherence rather than positivity as with HIV self-tests. Some participants avoided clinic visits to prevent detection of non-adherence, a behaviour termed 'white coat dosing', highlighting the need for tailored adherence strategies in this population.
Urine tenofovir testing for real-time PrEP adherence feedback: a qualitative study involving transgender women in Uganda — Mujugira et al., Journal of the International AIDS Society
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- tdm
2024
Among 195 men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, self-reported sexual positioning proved unreliable for guiding chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening. Urine testing alone would have missed 69.2 per cent of rectal chlamydia and 85.7 per cent of rectal gonorrhoea infections even in participants who reported exclusively insertive anal sex, demonstrating that self-collected rectal swabs are essential for comprehensive decentralised STI screening programmes.
Using Self-Reported Sexual Positioning as an Indicator for Rectal Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: A Missed Opportunity — Weng et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2024
This randomised trial found that peer-delivered HIV self-testing and sexually transmitted infection self-sampling did not improve oral pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among transgender women in Uganda compared to standard care. Adherence was monitored using dried blood spots and urine, which showed a strong correlation in tenofovir detection.
Peer-Delivered HIV Self-Testing, Sexually Transmitted Infection Self-Sampling, and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Transgender Women in Uganda: A Randomized Trial — Mujugira et al., Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
- blood
- saliva
- urine
- dbs
- self-collection
- tdm
- dct
- sti
2024
In a 14-day study of youth with neurodevelopmental conditions and chronic pain, multimodal in-home monitoring achieved good accelerometer wear compliance (77% wore devices for at least 7 days) and moderate survey engagement, but adherence to salivary cortisol sampling was low at 28% after excluding protocol violations and dry swabs. Families reported high overall satisfaction and willingness to participate again, highlighting that remote sampling protocols in pediatric populations require iterative tailoring to improve biospecimen collection adherence.
The Living Lab at Home: Feasibility and Acceptability of Multimodal In-Home Data Collection Among Youth Across the Developmental Spectrum — Boerner et al., Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- cortisol
- wearable
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2024
This systematic review of 67 studies involving 34,739 kidney disease patients found dried blood microsampling was mainly used for immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring and kidney function assessment. The approach offered cost savings, was preferred by patients for home self-collection, and provides a patient-centric opportunity to upscale longitudinal sampling and reduce participation bias in decentralised kidney disease research.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Dried Biofluid Microsampling in Patients With Kidney Disease — Lamond et al., Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- economics
2024
Self-collected urine samples matched clinician-collected cervical samples in detecting all seven CIN3 lesions among hrHPV-positive women when extended HPV typing was used, showing 82% concordance for hrHPV detection. This indicates urine self-collection could serve as a patient-centric, decentralised screening option for cervical precancer without compromising diagnostic yield.
Performance of urine samples compared to cervical samples for detection of precancer lesions among HPV-positive women attending colposcopy clinic in Mexico City — Meneses-León et al., Cancer causes & control : CCC
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected urine samples detected high-risk HPV DNA in 25.5 per cent of women and 8 per cent of men by qPCR, while oral gargle samples detected HPV in 7 per cent of women and 5 per cent of men. With good diagnostic accuracy against Pap smear, qPCR on self-collected specimens offers a viable decentralised approach to HPV screening in remote populations.
Evaluating different samples & techniques for hr-HPV DNA genotyping to improve the efficiency of risk profiling for oral & cervical cancers in Sikkim, India — Gupta et al., The Indian journal of medical research
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2024
SalivaDirect offers a simpler, faster RNA extraction protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection from self-collected saliva samples, demonstrating good diagnostic performance and enabling large-scale testing in resource-limited settings without trained healthcare professionals.
SalivaDirect: an alternative to a conventional RNA extraction protocol for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a clinical setting — Uddin et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Healthy postpartum women exhibited a blunted cortisol awakening response and lower evening cortisol than non-perinatal controls when samples were self-collected at home. This suggests reduced CAR may reflect healthy adjustment to motherhood, demonstrating the feasibility of patient-centric saliva microsampling for perinatal mental health monitoring.
The cortisol awakening response is blunted in healthy women early postpartum — Høgh et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
A do‑it‑yourself incubator enabling LAMP amplification of SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA from self‑collected saliva achieved 100 per cent sensitivity and 87 per cent selectivity in a proof‑of‑concept deployment to more than 15 homes, offering a simple, low cost route to decentralised molecular diagnostics.
Self-Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from Saliva Samples at Home: Isothermal Amplification Enabled by Do-It-Yourself Portable Incubators and Laminated Poly-ethyl Sulfonate Membranes — Bravo-González et al., Diagnostics
- saliva
- self-collection
2024
A statewide remote seroprevalence study using at-home dried blood spot kits achieved a 71.6% sample return rate from registered households, with success dependent on integrated data systems, responsive participant support, and strong health department partnerships. This demonstrates feasibility of large-scale decentralised microsampling for public health surveillance.
CalScope: methodology and lessons learned for conducting a remote statewide SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study in California using an at-home dried blood spot collection kit and online survey — Lim et al., BMC medical research methodology
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- dct
- serology
2024
In a Vietnamese HIV PrEP cohort, self-collected urine, rectal and pharyngeal specimens tested with the Alinity m STI Assay showed a 10.9% prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium, highest in rectal sites, and 71% of infections were asymptomatic. This supports decentralised, patient-collected sampling for STI screening to identify asymptomatic infections and guide pathogen directed therapy.
Mycoplasma genitalium Infections Among Participants in an HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Program in Hanoi, Vietnam — Nguyen et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2024
Fourteen of 15 under-screened women said they would be more likely to participate in cervical screening if they could self-collect samples, indicating that self-sampling could improve uptake among those who rarely or never attend screening.
Experiences and Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening Using Self-Sampling among Under-Screened Women in Flanders — Buelens et al., Healthcare
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
Self-directed STI testing kits were requested by some people who use drugs but few were returned, indicating the approach is acceptable yet highlighting logistical and behavioural barriers that need targeted support to realise decentralised testing.
Evaluation of self-directed specimen collection for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among people who use drugs — Scheidell et al., International journal of STD & AIDS (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2024
The study developed a curcumin-embedded paper sensor for bilirubin detection in saliva, coupled with an IoT-enabled hand-held reader. Clinical testing in 18 jaundiced infants demonstrated good correlation with reference methods for both salivary and blood bilirubin, indicating utility for decentralised neonatal jaundice monitoring.
Spicy Recipe for At-Home Diagnostics: Smart Salivary Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Jaundice — Golmohammadi et al., ACS sensors (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2024
In confirmed COVID-19 patients, direct RT-PCR on self-collected raw saliva detected all cases (100% sensitivity) with 94.3% concordance to nasopharyngeal swabs. Guanidine-based and guanidine-free inactivators reduced sensitivity to 65.9% and 82.9% respectively. Raw saliva offers a reliable patient-centric alternative for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 testing without sample treatment.
Diagnostic accuracy of direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using guanidine-based and guanidine-free inactivators for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva samples — Katsuno et al., Journal of virological methods (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
When patiromer is taken three hours after tacrolimus, it does not alter tacrolimus exposure in kidney transplant recipients. The study also shows that self-collected capillary blood samples using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) can reliably measure tacrolimus concentrations, which simplifies pharmacokinetic studies and enables decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Patiromer Does Not Alter Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Transplant Recipients When Administered Three Hours Post-Tacrolimus — Drevland et al., Transplantation direct
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- dct
2024
Urinary HPV testing offers comparable detection to cervical samples and high patient acceptability, making it a viable noninvasive option for decentralised cervical cancer screening and vaccine surveillance. However, the absence of standardised protocols for sample collection and processing currently limits its widespread clinical adoption.
A review of urinary HPV testing for cervical cancer management and HPV vaccine surveillance: rationale, strategies, and limitations — Cheng et al., European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2024
The review found that saliva and nasal samples generally have lower sensitivity than nasopharyngeal samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2, though performance varies with operator expertise and collection protocol; this supports careful selection of sampling site and method to optimise accuracy in decentralised diagnostics.
The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection — Davenport et al., The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2024
Maltreated adolescents exhibited persistently flattened cortisol diurnal rhythms when saliva was collected at home, showing that decentralised, patient-centric microsampling across laboratory, home, and school settings can reveal neurobiological adaptations to chronic stress. This supports saliva self-collection as a feasible method for monitoring HPA axis dysfunction in vulnerable youth.
Cortisol's diurnal rhythm indexes the neurobiological impact of child adversity in adolescence — Shirtcliff et al., Biological psychology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
The authors demonstrated that saliva is a viable specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection and developed an open-source, extraction-free RT-PCR protocol (SalivaDirect) that uses readily available reagents. This approach, which gained FDA Emergency Use Authorisation and scaled to over 200 laboratories performing more than 6.5 million tests, establishes a decentralised model that reduces logistical barriers and enables frequent, self-collected testing for pandemic response.
Scalable solutions for global health: the SalivaDirect model — Wyllie et al., Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
LiFT, a low-cost yarn-based sensor, measured lithium in saliva and urine with FDA-required accuracy, achieving a detection limit of 0.97 µM and a sodium-corrected linear range to 0.5 mM. By transmitting results to patients' smartphones for sharing with clinicians, the device supports at-home therapeutic drug monitoring to minimise lithium toxicity in bipolar disorder.
LiFT (a Lithium Fiber-Based Test): An At-Home Companion Diagnostics for a Safer Lithium Therapy in Bipolar Disorder — Amirghasemi et al., Advanced healthcare materials (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- tdm
2024
Folate vitamer stability in dried blood microsamples was strongly dependent on temperature and time, with levels remaining within 85 to 115 per cent of baseline at -20°C and 4°C for up to two weeks in both VAMS and DBS, but only lasting three days at room temperature in VAMS and failing at 37°C. The authors conclude that decentralised sampling for folate status monitoring is feasible if transport temperature and duration are controlled, though pretreatment with stabilising agents and desiccant use offered only partial improvement at ambient temperature.
Is the stability of folates in dried blood microsamples sufficient to perform home-sampling studies? — Heughebaert & Stove, The Analyst (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2024
An online service that mailed saliva self-sampling kits to 4623 GBMSM and trans women achieved a 67.5% return rate, detected 2.45% HIV prevalence with 100% linkage to care, and was recommended by 98% of participants, proving feasibility for decentralised screening.
An Online HIV Self-Sampling Strategy for Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Trans Women in Spain — Martínez-Riveros et al., Journal of community health
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2024
The Tasso+ device, which uses a vacuum to collect capillary blood from the upper arm, gathered an average of 536 microlitres of whole blood from 47 men who have sex with men using PrEP, with 91% of samples sufficient for HIV testing and 89% for syphilis testing. Acceptability was high, with 87% expressing a positive attitude and 77% willing to use the device again for home self-sampling.
Using an Innovative Method for Self-Collection of Capillary Blood for HIV and Syphilis Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Use Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the Netherlands; Limburg4zero — Goense et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2024
Salivary alpha-amylase activity rose from morning to afternoon across subjects and days, with no difference between two collection devices, and increased significantly after a simulated shoulder dystocia scenario alongside heart rate, supporting its use as a reliable stress marker when timing is considered.
Salivary alpha-amylase: A marker of stress in gynecological residents during a shoulder dystocia simulation scenario — Aita et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- biomarkers
2024
Self-collected dried blood spots analysed on the Roche Elecsys platform gave quantitative anti-spike antibody results that agreed closely with paired venous samples, with sensitivity 96.63% and specificity 97.81% and a conversion formula across 0.018 to 250 U/mL, enabling accurate tracking of titre changes in longitudinal cohorts after vaccination.
A Dried Blood Spot protocol for high-throughput quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD serology based on the Roche Elecsys system — Castelletti et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2024
Steroid hormones in dried blood spots remained within 15% of baseline for up to 14 days at 37C, and for up to 6 months at -20C, 4C and room temperature, with specific exceptions for androstenedione, 17-OHP, cortisone and cortisol. These findings support the use of DBS for decentralised hormone monitoring by defining storage limits that preserve analyte integrity during transit and storage.
Stability of steroid hormones in dried blood spots (DBS) — Olthof et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
2024
First-void urine testing detected HPV with 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and participants reported feeling comfortable with this self-collection method. This approach could improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in decentralised settings.
The Impact of Urine-Sample HPV Testing on the Effectiveness of Screening for Cervical Cancer: An Umbrella Review — Miazga et al., Cancers
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
Self-sampled multi-anatomic site testing for CT/NG in community MSM uncovered a substantial burden of undiagnosed infection, with 21% positivity overall and higher yields from rectal and pharyngeal swabs than urine, indicating that decentralised self-sampling can complement clinic-based screening.
Self-sampled multi-anatomic site testing for uncovering the community burden of undiagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in men who have sex with men — Wong et al., Infection (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2024
The saliva-STAT platform uses a battery-powered handheld instrument and a low-cost cassette to perform a fully automated nucleic acid amplification test on directly dispensed saliva, detecting SARS-CoV-2 at 0.2 copies per microlitre. This enables accurate, decentralised testing in walk-in and mobile clinics and at home, and can be adapted for other respiratory viruses.
Saliva-STAT: Sample-to-answer saliva test for COVID-19 — Boegner et al., Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
2024
This study found that dried blood spot samples stored at room temperature for four years correlated highly with serum measurements for testosterone and androstenedione, indicating that hematocrit adjustment may be unnecessary for serial monitoring in home-based self-sampling.
Dried blood spot sampling of testosterone microdosing in healthy females — Desai et al., The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- fertility
- hormones
- haematocrit
2024
The study found that DBS testing showed high specificity for HIV, HBV and HCV and perfect sensitivity for HIV and HBV, but lower sensitivity for syphilis and HCV, with creatinine measurements slightly higher than venous samples. Despite challenges in sample adequacy, DBS was acceptable to participants and could support decentralised STI and renal monitoring in men who have sex with men.
Use of Home-Based Self-Collected Dried Blood Spots to Test for Syphilis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C and B Virus Infections and Measuring Creatinine Concentration — Nieuwenburg et al., Sexually transmitted diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
- sti
2024
Routine clinic-based cervical sampling generated 3670 g CO2e per sample, whereas vaginal self-sampling produced 423 g CO2e and first-void urine collection produced 570 g CO2e. Decentralised self-collection approaches substantially lowered emissions by eliminating primary care clinic visits.
A comparison of the carbon footprint of alternative sampling approaches for cervical screening in the UK: A descriptive study — Whittaker et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- economics
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected saliva without additives showed comparable diagnostic performance to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with 87.6% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. The sample remained stable for 72 hours and was deemed acceptable by both patients and staff, supporting its use in decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes.
Diagnostic performance, stability, and acceptability of self-collected saliva without additives for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis — Marín-Echeverri et al., European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2024
This pilot study of 15 subjects demonstrated that dried fecal spots on quantitative DBS devices yielded bile acid profiles equivalent to frozen samples after four months of ambient storage and shipping. This validates a decentralised stool microsampling method that could enable patient home testing and expand screening in rural or resource-limited settings.
Repurposing dried blood spot device technology to examine bile acid profiles in human dried fecal spot samples — Engevik et al., American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology (paywalled)
- stool
- dried
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- metabolome
2024
The OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing assay achieved clinical sensitivity ratios of 0.99 for urine and 1.00 for vaginal self-samples versus clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+, and after cut-off optimisation showed similar accuracy on self-collected and cervical specimens, supporting decentralised cervical screening through urine self-collection with Colli-Pee.
Clinical accuracy of OncoPredict HPV Quantitative Typing (QT) assay on self-samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2024
Self-collected first-void urine using the Colli-Pee device detected high-risk HPV with 96.7 per cent concordance compared with clinician-collected cervical swabs in 240 women, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.87, indicating strong agreement and supporting urine self-collection as an acceptable approach for HPV screening.
Comparable detection of HPV using real-time PCR in paired cervical samples and concentrated first-stream urine collected with Colli-Pee device — Nilyanimit et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2024
This review of remote HbA1c testing via capillary blood microsampling finds that both dried and liquid formats can produce results comparable to venous sampling when collection, stability and extraction are properly validated. It matters because self-collected microsamples could enable decentralised diabetes monitoring and telemedicine, but heterogeneity in study designs and methods must be resolved before reliable implementation.
Remote HbA<sub>1c</sub> testing via microsampling: fit for purpose? — Verougstraete et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2024
In a qualitative study of 100 service users, online postal self-sampling for STIs was valued for privacy and for overcoming barriers such as limited clinic appointments, although blood self-sampling proved challenging for most participants. Users favoured retaining clinic access for broader sexual health support, indicating that decentralised testing works best as part of a hybrid model rather than a complete replacement.
How does online postal self-sampling (OPSS) shape access to testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? A qualitative study of service users — Spence et al., BMC public health
- blood
- self-collection
- acceptability
- sti
2024
Among 105 women with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia followed for a median 20 months, 29.3% experienced disease progression or persistence, which was significantly predicted by HPV positivity in physician- and self-collected samples. In 59 women with grade 2 disease followed for a median 12 months, half showed progression or persistence, but HPV status from physician-, self-, or urine-collected samples did not predict outcomes. Self-collection may enable decentralised risk stratification for CIN 1 surveillance.
Human papillomavirus self-sampling and urine-sampling tests and the management and short-term outcomes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective observational study — Matsuura et al., The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2024
The study developed a one-pot duplex RT-LAMP assay for saliva that detects SARS-CoV-2 down to 100 copies per microlitre within 30 minutes without RNA extraction, using human 18S ribosomal RNA as an internal amplification control. In 30 clinical saliva samples the assay achieved 95 per cent sensitivity, 100 per cent specificity and 96 per cent accuracy, supporting reliable at-home and point-of-care molecular diagnostics.
Development of an integrated sample amplification control for salivary point-of-care pathogen testing — Sritong et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2024
In 60 healthy young adults who self-collected saliva, habitual coffee consumption at low, moderate or high intake did not significantly alter morning or evening levels of salivary cortisol or alpha amylase under non-stressful conditions. This suggests that for decentralised diagnostics, coffee drinking is unlikely to confound salivary hormone results, supporting the validity of self-collection for cortisol and stress biomarker monitoring.
[Effects of coffee consumption on salivary cortisol and alpha amylase in young adults] — Alejandro Juárez & Celia, Revista cientifica odontologica
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Self-collected saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity with an overall agreement of 84% compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, supporting its use as a viable diagnostic option where laboratory facilities are limited.
MOLECULAR DETECTION PROTOCOL OF SARS-COV-2 THROUGH SELF-COLLECTED SALIVA SPECIMENS VERSUS NASOPHARYNGEAL SWABS — Abderezak et al., African journal of infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2024
Self-collected unpreserved saliva samples gave SARS-CoV-2 detection that was only slightly less accurate than nasopharyngeal swabs, offering a more convenient patient-centric alternative for COVID-19 surveillance and potentially increasing testing in decentralised settings.
Evaluation of Self-collected Saliva Samples Without Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing via RT-PCR and Comparison of Amplicon Sequences Against Commonly Used Primers in Diagnostic Assays — Ramos et al., Military medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Self-collected saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing yielded higher viral loads than nasal or urine specimens and showed moderate agreement (kappa 0.52) with nasal swabs. A colourimetric LAMP assay achieved 90% concordance with RT-PCR, offering a rapid alternative deployable in clinics, workplaces, and homes for decentralised surveillance.
Evaluation of self-collected nasal, urine, and saliva samples for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 using an EUA approved RT-PCR assay and a laboratory developed LAMP SARS-CoV-2 test — Purcell-Wiltz et al., Immunity, inflammation and disease
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2024
Self-collection of saliva for cortisol awakening response research at home was experienced as arduous, with participants reporting apprehension, cognitive burden, and disruption to sleep and morning routines. Difficulty identifying the moment of awakening affected sample timing, though habituation reduced these effects over repeated days, indicating that clear protocols are needed to improve ecological validity in decentralised hormone monitoring.
<b>Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research:</b> <i>"I was more conscious</i> <i>than usual, I wanted to get it right</i> <i>"</i> — Ramachandran et al., Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hormones
- cortisol
2024
Epstein-Barr virus DNA methylation in self-collected saliva and oropharyngeal swabs demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with oral swabs or mouthwash. Combining both sample types and two promoter methylation markers could optimise decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes.
Detection of Epstein‒Barr virus DNA methylation as tumor markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in saliva, oropharyngeal swab, oral swab, and mouthwash — Zheng et al., MedComm
- saliva
- self-collection
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
High-risk HPV prevalence was 34.3% among HIV-positive women in Ugandan ART clinics, with non-16/18 genotypes predominating; self-collected vaginal sampling is feasible and supports integrating cervical screening into HIV care.
Prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda — Nakigozi et al., BMC cancer
- self-collection
- hpv
- sti
2024
Molecular point-of-care testing on self-collected urine proved feasible and achieved high linkage to treatment among street-based female sex workers in Madrid, with an overall STI prevalence of 66 per cent and a strong association between recent drug use and STI infection.
On-site testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers using molecular point-of-care testing integrated into harm reduction services in Madrid, Spain — Valencia et al., The International journal on drug policy (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- sti
2024
A graphene lab-on-a-chip device achieved high accuracy and precision for multiplex renal biomarker testing in serum and saliva, with sensitivities ranging from 89.0 to 99.7 per cent. Untrained volunteers produced results comparable to trained chemists, suggesting the device is suitable for patient-centric at-home diagnostics and could improve access to chronic kidney disease monitoring.
Noninvasive and Multiplex Self-Test of Kidney Disease Biomarkers with Graphene-Based Lab-on-a-Chip (G-LOC): Toward Digital Diagnostics in the Hands of Patients — Diforti et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- biomarkers
2024
Most women were confident using vaginal self-sampling kits and trusted the results, with 71 percent preferring self-sampling over clinician-collected tests for future screening. However, preferences varied by ethnicity and prior screening status, and a significant minority preferred urine-based tests, suggesting that offering choice between sampling methods will improve uptake in decentralised cervical screening programmes.
Experiences of Self-Sampling and Future Screening Preferences in Non-Attenders Who Returned an HPV Vaginal Self-Sample in the YouScreen Study: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire — Drysdale et al., Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
This literature review found that DNA methylation markers on self-collected urine or cervicovaginal swabs detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as well as cytology. The combination could improve screening uptake and reduce loss to follow-up, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, though more evidence is needed to identify the most efficacious methylation tests.
The current state of DNA methylation biomarkers in self-collected liquid biopsies for the early detection of cervical cancer: a literature review — Sumiec et al., Infectious agents and cancer
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
- biomarkers
- liquid-biopsy
2024
Self-collected dried blood spots were used to assess HIV status at 12 months in 1168 participants. Integration of sexual and reproductive health services increased linkage to HIV prevention care within 60 days (adjusted odds ratio 1·68) compared with standard referral, whereas peer support had no effect.
Effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention within sexual reproductive health services with or without peer support among adolescents and young adults in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Isisekelo Sempilo): 2 × 2 factorial, open-label, randomised controlled trial — Shahmanesh et al., The lancet. HIV (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- dct
- serology
- sti
2024
Self-collected dried blood spots showed high specificity and acceptable sensitivity for detecting islet antibodies compared to serum samples, and participants preferred this method over venous blood draw for its ease and reduced pain.
Feasibility and Validity of In-Home Self-Collected Capillary Blood Spot Screening for Type 1 Diabetes Risk — Sing et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2024
In 30 adult solid organ transplant recipients, capillary blood self-collected using the Tasso+ device showed 91% concordance with venous samples for detecting CMV DNAemia above the limit of detection, with excellent quantitative correlation (Spearman R² = 0.99). Most participants preferred self-collection over venipuncture, suggesting the device could enable decentralised viral monitoring, though sensitivity was lower (95% at 308 IU/mL).
Evaluation of the Tasso+ blood self-collection device for quantitation of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia in adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr) — Phan et al., Microbiology spectrum
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- serology
2024
Older adults achieved 98% adherence when self-collecting dried blood spots at home for inflammatory markers, with 97% of samples yielding valid results. Test-retest reliability was good (ICCs 0.70–0.76) and correlation with venous blood was strong (r=0.60–0.99), demonstrating that remote capillary sampling is a feasible and valid method for decentralised assessment of inflammation in older adults.
Remote dried blood spot collection for inflammatory markers in older adults is feasible, reliable, and valid — Reed et al., Brain, behavior, and immunity (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- biomarkers
2024
A systematic review of 70 studies found that 94.7% of accuracy studies reported comparable sensitivity and specificity between self-sampling and clinician collection for HPV detection, with patient acceptability ranging from 84.2% to 100% for devices including Colli-Pee. This evidence endorses decentralised cervical screening to improve uptake.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of self-sampling devices for human Papillomavirus detection: A systematic review — Aimagambetova et al., Preventive medicine reports
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
2024
Adolescents collecting blood microsamples at home achieved varying success rates across six devices, with Minicollect tubes performing poorest. The confirmation that visual inspection alone was insufficient, by analytical variability, underscores the need for robust quality assessment before deploying any device in decentralised trials.
Self-Sampling by Adolescents at Home: Assessment of the Feasibility to Successfully Collect Blood Microsamples by Inexperienced Individuals — Boffel et al., The AAPS journal (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- dct
2024
First-void urine collected with the Colli-pee device detected high-grade cervical precancer with 90.3% sensitivity, substantially better than the 73.4% sensitivity of standard-pot urine, and was acceptable to colposcopy attendees. The device achieved 92% relative sensitivity compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, showing promise for decentralised HPV screening.
Urine high-risk human papillomavirus testing as an alternative to routine cervical screening: A comparative diagnostic accuracy study of two urine collection devices using a randomised study design trial — Davies et al., BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2023
VAMS microsampling found no significant difference from venous blood for tacrolimus in paediatric patients; samples were stable for 14 days, with average difference between paired at-home samples of 0.12 ± 0.94 ng/mL.
VAMS and parallel-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry for tacrolimus trough measurements at home in paediatric heart-transplant patients — Zhao et al., J. Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2023
VAMS matched serum for the kinase inhibitors nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib and ruxolitinib, r 0.94–0.97, with serum reliably predictable for the first three, and 93% of at-home samples were collected correctly: at-home VAMS shown feasible for routine cancer-drug monitoring.
Clinical validation and feasibility of VAMS for monitoring of nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, trametinib and ruxolitinib — Zimmermann et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2023
A UHPLC-HRMS assay quantified 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from 20 µL Mitra VAMS samples with accuracy under 10% and precision under 11%, LOQ 5 ng/mL: sensitive enough to flag deficiency and simple enough for untrained self-collection, enabling year-round vitamin-D monitoring.
Quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 in Mitra devices (VAMS) by UHPLC-HRMS for regular vitamin D status monitoring — Tuma et al., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
- biomarkers
2023
TAP II capillary serum, both professionally collected and self-collected, correlated with venous serum at R > 0.9 for eight analytes including ALT, AST, cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides. Creatinine correlated acceptably but carried a consistent negative bias, and carbon dioxide, potassium and albumin did not reach acceptable agreement: the useful reading is that the panel has to be validated, not the device alone.
Maximizing microsampling: measurement of comprehensive metabolic and lipid panels using a novel capillary blood collection device — Collier et al., The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- liquid
- yourbio
- validation
- biomarkers
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