The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 201–300 of 314 labelled “saliva”, newest first.
2021
A portable microfluidic cartridge achieved direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 from self-collected saliva at 1000 copies/mL without RNA isolation, integrating sample heating, primer mixing and multiplex qPCR into an automated sample-to-result workflow. This removes the need for clinic-based collection and laboratory processing, enabling rapid decentralised testing during a pandemic.
A Sensitive, Portable Microfluidic Device for SARS-CoV-2 Detection from Self-Collected Saliva — Yang et al., Infectious disease reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- serology
2021
In a Berlin homeless shelter, weekly self-collection of saliva or nasal/oral swabs for COVID-19 PCR achieved 89–94% retention over three weeks, but required 48 person-hours per round and repeated assistance. Residents found nasal/oral swabs easier than saliva, and language barriers were the main obstacle to participation. This shows that decentralised screening in vulnerable populations is feasible but demands flexible, supported protocols and resource planning.
Monitoring for COVID-19 by universal testing in a homeless shelter in Germany: a prospective feasibility cohort study — Lindner et al., BMC infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2021
Self-collected saliva and urine samples from prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes revealed altered nocturnal cortisol metabolism, with lower urinary glucocorticoid metabolites and higher morning salivary cortisone levels compared with healthy controls. This demonstrates that decentralised home sampling can detect HPA axis hyperactivity in paediatric populations with endocrine disease.
Altered Cortisol Metabolism Increases Nocturnal Cortisol Bioavailability in Prepubertal Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus — Brossaud et al., Frontiers in endocrinology
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2021
Patient-collected midturbinate nasal swabs matched provider-collected nasopharyngeal swabs with 100% sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while saliva showed 96.8% sensitivity; pretreating saliva with proteinase K eliminated invalid results. These findings validate self-collection for decentralised infectious disease screening.
Evaluation of Self-Collected Midturbinate Nasal Swabs and Saliva for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA — Boerger et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Saliva self-collection achieved 97 per cent agreement with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 128 paired specimens using CDC qPCR chemistry. In asymptomatic populations, saliva screening of 466 community participants yielded a 1.07 per cent positivity rate, nearly identical to the 1.12 per cent rate from 8,461 nasopharyngeal swabs in preoperative patients, supporting saliva as a noninvasive alternative for decentralised diagnostic programmes.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-Based Detection Using Saliva or Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens in Asymptomatic Populations — Fan et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Saliva self-collection with TRIzol extraction matched nasopharyngeal swab performance for SARS-CoV-2 detection while enabling room-temperature storage without specialised tubes, offering a lower-cost decentralised option suitable for large-scale screening programmes.
Development of an alternative saliva test for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using TRIzol: Adapting to countries with lower incomes looking for a large-scale detection program — Miranda-Ortiz et al., PloS one
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- economics
- serology
2021
Fathers who self-collected saliva at home showed that greater engagement in childcare, particularly cuddling, was associated with a more pronounced diurnal decline in testosterone and lower cortisol levels. This demonstrates saliva sampling can capture behaviourally relevant hormone changes, supporting its use for decentralised monitoring of stress and reproductive hormones.
Fathering behavior, attachment, and engagement in childcare predict testosterone and cortisol — Ahnert et al., Developmental psychobiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2021
Saliva RT-qPCR, RT-LAMP, spectroscopy and ELISA detect SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity in early infection and asymptomatic adults compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. Patient-centric self-collection guided by telemedicine reduces contagion risk for staff and enables decentralised screening, but the authors note that further clinical validation is still needed.
Evaluation of saliva as a complementary technique to the diagnosis of COVID-19: a systematic review — Sagredo-Olivares et al., Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
In asymptomatic adults, self-collected random oropharyngeal saliva detected SARS-CoV-2 more frequently than healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (92.3% versus 73.8%). This supports saliva as a patient-centric specimen for decentralised COVID-19 surveillance, reducing healthcare worker exposure while improving detection rates.
COVID-19 screening test by using random oropharyngeal saliva — Rao et al., Journal of medical virology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Parent-collected nasal swabs from children with respiratory infections showed 91% sensitivity and excellent agreement with nurse-collected samples for detecting viral and bacterial pathogens by PCR, whereas parent-collected saliva swabs were substantially less sensitive at 69% for viruses and 78% for bacteria. This supports decentralised paediatric diagnosis using nasal self-sampling, reducing healthcare burden while maintaining accuracy.
Prospective Study of the Performance of Parent-Collected Nasal and Saliva Swab Samples, Compared with Nurse-Collected Swab Samples, for the Molecular Detection of Respiratory Microorganisms — Woodall et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2021
Nineteen healthy adults showed high compliance to a three-day home salivary sampling protocol, with 95% collecting the correct number of samples. Morning cortisol and cortisone profiles had moderate reproducibility, requiring three to four days of sampling to achieve high reliability, indicating that home-based protocols can support decentralised stress-hormone monitoring.
Feasibility of home-based sampling of salivary cortisol and cortisone in healthy adults — Sørensen et al., BMC research notes
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
2021
Latent class analysis of 4,793 participants identified five distinct SARS-CoV-2 testing preference patterns; saliva was most preferred by noninvasive home testers, and simulation predicted that offering less invasive specimens, faster turnaround, and at-home testing would increase uptake from 81.6% to 98.1%. These results show that aligning test design with patient preferences can substantially improve screening participation in decentralised diagnostics.
Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Testing Preferences in a National Cohort in the United States: Latent Class Analysis of a Discrete Choice Experiment — Zimba et al., JMIR public health and surveillance
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
2021
Children aged 8 to 14 living in neighbourhoods with higher concentrated poverty showed higher diurnal cortisol output when measured in saliva samples. Otherwise, cortisol output showed little association with other aspects of social disadvantage, suggesting limited support for HPA axis dysregulation as a general mechanism linking socioeconomic inequality to health outcomes in childhood.
Weak and uneven associations of home, neighborhood, and school environments with stress hormone output across multiple timescales — Malanchini et al., Molecular psychiatry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2021
Saliva self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 detection showed 87.8% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity against nasopharyngeal swabs in 1220 patients, offering a patient-centric alternative with higher acceptability and virtually painless collection, though requiring sample fluidisation. Oral-self sampling swabs were preferred by most patients and also virtually painless, but the 61.1% sensitivity was too low for reliable decentralised diagnostics.
Performances, feasibility and acceptability of nasopharyngeal swab, saliva and oral-self sampling swab for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 — Plantamura et al., European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2021
Direct RT-qPCR on self-collected raw saliva detected SARS-CoV-2 with 95.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity; only 0.6% of 2709 samples were invalid, and the method processed up to 384 samples in under two hours, offering a rapid, scalable approach for community-wide screening.
Validation and implementation of a direct RT-qPCR method for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection by using non-invasive saliva samples — Brotons et al., International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Native saliva and gargle lavage demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 at 92.8% and 89.1% respectively in self-collected samples from symptomatic adults. Nasal swabs achieved comparable results but proved difficult for 16.6% of participants, while tongue swabs and chewed cotton pads were significantly less sensitive, indicating saliva or gargle lavage are optimal for decentralised screening.
Self-Collected Samples to Detect SARS-CoV-2: Direct Comparison of Saliva, Tongue Swab, Nasal Swab, Chewed Cotton Pads and Gargle Lavage — Kohmer et al., Journal of clinical medicine
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
This review evaluates saliva, tears and exhaled breath as alternatives to nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis, recommending optical spectroscopy and electronic nose techniques for rapid detection of viral biomarkers in these more readily accessible body fluids.
A review on human body fluids for the diagnosis of viral infections: scope for rapid detection of COVID-19 — Adigal et al., Expert review of molecular diagnostics (paywalled)
- saliva
- validation
- serology
2021
Daily home-based saliva collection proved feasible for six to eight weeks in people with dementia and their caregivers, with a quarter showing decreases in both morning and evening cortisol, suggesting stress reduction. Caregivers displayed a significant flattening of the morning to evening cortisol slope and dyads showed correlated evening cortisol trends, demonstrating that self-sampling can objectively monitor stress in decentralised studies of vulnerable populations.
The use of saliva steroids (cortisol and DHEA-s) as biomarkers of changing stress levels in people with dementia and their caregivers: A pilot study — Theorell et al., Science progress
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- dct
2021
Instability of salivary biomarkers after collection and the absence of standardised handling methods are the principal barriers to home-based saliva diagnostics. The review collates preservation strategies for proteins, hormones, and nucleic acids that are essential for reliable decentralised testing.
Stabilization of Salivary Biomarkers — d'Amone et al., ACS biomaterials science & engineering (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2021
Pooled data from ten clinical studies show saliva detects SARS-CoV-2 with 87% sensitivity and 98% specificity. This supports saliva as a viable specimen for non invasive self collection in decentralised screening in workplaces, schools and homes.
Saliva Exhibits High Sensitivity and Specificity for the Detection of SARS-COV-2 — Warsi et al., Diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Among 174 symptomatic emergency room patients, self-collected saliva identified SARS-CoV-2 in 98% of those positive by nasopharyngeal swab, with excellent agreement (kappa 0.96). Saliva detected one additional pneumonia case and showed higher cycle threshold values, confirming its utility for decentralised infectious disease screening.
Self-collected saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A prospective study in the emergency room — Echavarria et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Evidence from cross-sectional and clinical trial studies over the past year supports saliva as a viable matrix for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, offering a non-invasive, self-collection method that can protect frontline staff and identify infections missed by nasopharyngeal swabs. This positions salivary testing as a key tool for decentralised, patient-centric COVID-19 screening.
One-Year Update on Salivary Diagnostic of COVID-19 — Caixeta et al., Frontiers in public health
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Self-collected oral fluid achieved only 41.6% sensitivity compared with nasal-oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with positive agreement falling from 44.6% in the first five days after symptom onset to even lower levels thereafter. This demonstrates that saliva self-collection, while feasible for decentralised testing, lacks the sensitivity required for reliable COVID-19 diagnosis, particularly in later disease stages.
Self-Collected Oral Fluid Saliva Is Insensitive Compared With Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Outpatients — Manabe et al., Open forum infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
2021
Li et al developed an electricity-free chemical heater that maintains stable temperature for isothermal nucleic acid amplification. They demonstrated detection of SARS-CoV-2 in self-collected saliva, creating a low-cost, disposable test that works without power and enables decentralised COVID-19 screening.
Electricity-free chemical heater for isothermal nucleic acid amplification with applications in COVID-19 home testing — Li et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
2021
Self-collected saliva tested by CLEIA achieved 98.2% concordance with RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. A two-step screening strategy using initial CLEIA followed by confirmatory RT-qPCR for intermediate results would require secondary testing in 11-21% of samples, providing a scalable decentralised testing approach.
A novel strategy for SARS-CoV-2 mass screening with quantitative antigen testing of saliva: a diagnostic accuracy study — Yokota et al., The Lancet. Microbe
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Among 596 participants, self-collected saliva achieved 80.3% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. Saliva collected one to five days after symptom onset yielded 85.1% positivity, indicating it can support early diagnosis in low-resource and community settings.
Diagnostic Performance of Self-Collected Saliva Versus Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Clinical Setting — Uddin et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Saliva swabs demonstrated 89.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for influenza detection compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, with 97.6% overall agreement. Median cycle threshold values were significantly higher in saliva (33) than in NP specimens (31), yet saliva swabs remain a feasible specimen type that can be easily self-collected with minimal equipment and discomfort for decentralised influenza testing.
Use of Saliva Swab for Detection of Influenza Virus in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department — Galar et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Self-collected saliva and buccal swabs showed only moderate agreement with healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with positive percent agreement of 66.7% and 56.7% respectively. This suggests they may be useful for initial screening in decentralised settings, but negative results should be confirmed with standard nasopharyngeal sampling to avoid missing infections.
Validation of self-collected buccal swab and saliva as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 — Ku et al., International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2021
Saliva PCR viral loads were equivalent to nasopharyngeal swab in symptomatic COVID-19 patients, with high agreement and comparable detection sensitivity, supporting saliva as a useful self-collected diagnostic tool.
Equivalent SARS-CoV-2 viral loads by PCR between nasopharyngeal swab and saliva in symptomatic patients — Yokota et al., Scientific reports
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2020
Late-night salivary cortisol was a highly sensitive screen, about 97%, for ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, but performed poorly for adrenal disease: a validated screening, not confirmatory, test.
Prospective Evaluation of Late-Night Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in Suspected Cushing Syndrome — Kannankeril et al., J. Endocrine Society
- cortisol
- hormones
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
2020
Self-collected saliva samples provided adequate DNA for genotyping in preterm birth research, though questionnaire data on birth details had limited concordance with prospective records, indicating that while DNA sampling is feasible via post, phenotyping requires more reliable data collection methods for genetic studies.
Postal recruitment for genetic studies of preterm birth: A feasibility study — Keag et al., Wellcome open research
- dct
- dna-genotek-oragene
- self-collection
- liquid
- saliva
- genotyping
2020
Testing 130 healthy adults, researchers found that a caffeine breath test can identify the rs4410790 genotype using saliva collected via the Oragene DNA saliva collection kit. However, breath metrics did not differ for rs762551 or rs5751876 genotypes, and all subjects had the CC genotype at rs2472297.
<sup>13</sup>C-caffeine breath test identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with caffeine metabolism — Ishii et al., Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- genotyping
2020
Using OraGene kits for saliva collection from 210 Portuguese mothers, this study found that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism moderates environmental effects on maternal sensitivity. While generalisability may be limited by the Portuguese community sample, the work shows that decentralised saliva sampling is viable for gene-environment interaction studies.
Does 5-HTTLPR moderate the effect of the quality of environmental context on maternal sensitivity? Testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis — Baião et al., Psychiatric genetics (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- genotyping
2020
Using the Oragene DNA self-collection kit, this study found no significant difference in CNTFR genotype frequencies between weightlifters, 56% CC, 32% CT and 12% TT, and controls, 53% CC, 40% CT and 7% TT. However, the CT+TT genotype was associated with higher relative performance, though the cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor rs41274853 Polymorphism Is Associated With Weightlifting Performance in Japanese Weightlifters — Homma et al., Journal of strength and conditioning research (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- self-collection
- genotyping
2020
Using a patient-centric saliva microsampling kit, the study found that genetic variants, VKORC1 and CYP2C9, and smoking explained 39.2% of warfarin dose variability in a Qatari population, supporting decentralised sampling for pharmacogenomic profiling.
The effect of genetic and nongenetic factors on warfarin dose variability in Qatari population — Bader et al., The pharmacogenomics journal (paywalled)
- tdm
- dna-genotek-oragene
- self-collection
- saliva
- genotyping
2020
This proof-of-principle study found that baseline salivary DNA methylation, collected using the Oragene DNA kit, predicted childhood obesity three years later. A child at the 75th percentile of NRF1 methylation had a 48% chance of obesity versus 30% at the 25th percentile, showing the value of salivary microsampling for paediatric screening.
Salivary epigenetic biomarkers as predictors of emerging childhood obesity — Rushing et al., BMC medical genetics
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2020
The study found that the OMNIgene ORAL kit produced different microbiome profiles compared to some alternative oral collection methods, particularly Saccomanno's fixative. This matters for decentralised sampling as it shows the choice of a standardised, stabilised collection method is critical for reliable results in remote studies of the oral microbiome.
Comparison of Oral Microbiota Collected Using Multiple Methods and Recommendations for New Epidemiologic Studies — Yano et al., mSystems
- stabilised
- microbiome
- validation
- saliva
2020
Eighty-four per cent of 148 diverse US adults found self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 testing acceptable, and 87 per cent were confident their specimens were sufficient for laboratory analysis. The lack of demographic differences in acceptability supports broad feasibility of decentralised diagnostics.
At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: Post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens — Valentine-Graves et al., PloS one
- blood
- saliva
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2020
This study validated a method using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants in whole blood and oral fluid. The method showed good extraction yield (84%), precision (relative standard deviation under 15%), and stability (over 85% after three months), with results agreeing well with conventional sampling. By enabling self-collection at home, VAMS simplifies sampling, improves analyte stability, and reduces costs, making decentralised monitoring of antidepressant treatment feasible.
Whole blood and oral fluid microsampling for the monitoring of patients under treatment with antidepressant drugs — Marasca et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- vams
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
2020
Saliva shows potential as a patient-friendly alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis, with comparable sensitivity and specificity in RT-PCR testing. Its self-collection capability supports decentralised, patient-centric testing strategies during pandemics.
Saliva as a Biological Sample for COVID-19 Diagnosis? — Kafle & Sapkota, Kathmandu University medical journal (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- serology
2020
A community-based participatory research study across five American Indian communities showed that a home-based salivary cortisol collection protocol achieved high participant compliance, with 91% providing at least one usable sample and 79% providing four, and that deviations from timing were not robustly associated with cortisol indices, indicating that such decentralised protocols can yield valid hormone data.
Assessment of feasibility and outcomes of a salivary cortisol collection protocol in five American Indian communities — Walls et al., Stress (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- cortisol
2020
Self-collected salivary cortisol, measured at three daily time points in cocaine-abstinent outpatients, showed elevated morning levels and area-under-the-curve values that correlated positively with craving and negatively with verbal memory performance. This pilot study suggests home-based cortisol monitoring could help track relapse risk and cognitive impairment in substance-use disorders.
Salivary Cortisol Levels Are Associated with Craving and Cognitive Performance in Cocaine-Abstinent Subjects: A Pilot Study — Sampedro-Piquero et al., Brain sciences
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Self-collected saliva samples taken six times daily across three weekdays from 49 Chinese undergraduates showed that higher trait resilience is associated with a stronger cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal decline. The protocol, which objectively monitored compliance, supports the feasibility of intensive decentralised sampling for stress-axis biomarker research.
Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates — Lai et al., Frontiers in psychology
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Saliva cortisol levels were 30% higher overall in toddlers receiving at-home childcare compared with centre-based care, although both groups displayed typical circadian rhythms. Home-based, patient-centric microsampling of saliva is feasible in paediatric populations, and these findings show that caregiving context must be accounted for when interpreting decentralised cortisol results.
Toddlers' diurnal cortisol levels affected by out-of-home, center-based childcare and at-home, guardian-supervised childcare: comparison between different caregiving contexts — Tervahartiala et al., European child & adolescent psychiatry
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Vibration during maximal cycling increased salivary cortisol by 83% compared with no vibration, while testosterone did not differ, reducing the testosterone/cortisol ratio. This demonstrates that saliva can detect exercise modality effects on stress hormones, which could inform remote monitoring of training load or rehabilitation if self-collection methods were validated.
Salivary endocrine response following a maximal incremental cycling protocol with local vibration — Jemni et al., PloS one
- saliva
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2020
The magnitude of the cortisol awakening response, measured from self-collected saliva at home, positively predicted performance on an attention-switching task later the same day in healthy young adults. The association held only when sampling occurred within eight minutes of waking, demonstrating that precise electronic timing verification is essential for valid decentralised saliva-based cognitive biomarker studies.
The cortisol awakening response predicts a same-day index of executive function in healthy young adults — Law et al., International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Acutely concussed youth studied at home showed longer sleep latency and greater fatigue than controls, with altered overnight cortisol dynamics and lower bedtime melatonin; these home-based saliva and actigraphy measures highlight decentralised endpoints for acute concussion care.
Sleep and stress in the acute phase of concussion in youth — Maerlender et al., Sports medicine and health science
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2020
A pilot study of 43 nursing home residents with dementia and chronic pain found that only eight participants could provide adequate saliva samples both before and after a six-week intervention, despite using salivary swabs. The cognitive impairment, difficulty obtaining sufficient sample volume, and cost suggest saliva collection may not be feasible for cortisol monitoring in this population, which has implications for decentralised stress assessment in vulnerable groups.
Using Salivary Cortisol as an Objective Measure of Physiological Stress in People With Dementia and Chronic Pain: A Pilot Feasibility Study — Pu et al., Biological research for nursing (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- cortisol
2020
In 385 expectant couples, maternal psychological stress during late pregnancy strengthened the diurnal cortisol linkage between partners when saliva was self-collected at home. This demonstrates that home-based sampling can capture clinically relevant interpersonal physiological dynamics that may influence prenatal and postnatal health.
Maternal psychological stress moderates diurnal cortisol linkage in expectant fathers and mothers during late pregnancy — Braren et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Home-collected saliva samples revealed that patients with central serous chorioretinopathy exhibit a higher cortisol awakening response and altered diurnal trajectories of salivary cortisol and α-amylase compared with controls. This demonstrates that self-sampling can capture chronobiological biomarker differences associated with stress-related eye disease, supporting decentralised collection for ophthalmic and neuroendocrine research.
Diurnal trajectories of salivary cortisol and α-amylase and psychological profiles in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy — Scarinci et al., Chronobiology international (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2020
Saliva presents a viable diagnostic alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR. Its use facilitates patient self-collection, minimises healthcare worker exposure, and offers a cost-effective approach for widespread testing.
Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic Specimen for COVID-19 Testing — Harikrishnan, The Journal of craniofacial surgery (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2020
The study reports a colorimetric assay using plasmonic gold nanostructures that change colour in saliva to detect hyperglycaemia, with a dipstick prototype developed for home testing. This non-invasive method could support large-scale diabetic screening and monitoring, overcoming bio-matrix interference issues that typically affect saliva-based glucose detection.
Colorimetric Nanoplasmonics to Spot Hyperglycemia From Saliva — Donati et al., Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
- saliva
- self-collection
2020
In 401 COVID-19 patients, self-collected oropharyngeal and mid-turbinate swabs detected 75.1% of infections and saliva detected 74.3%, both inferior to the 82.8% sensitivity of healthcare worker-collected swabs. However, combining both self-collected samples yielded 86.5% sensitivity with 100% specificity, indicating self-collection can be a useful tool for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 screening despite lower individual test sensitivity.
The accuracy of healthcare worker versus self collected (2-in-1) Oropharyngeal and Bilateral Mid-Turbinate (OPMT) swabs and saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 — Tan et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2020
This review highlights how low-volume, minimally invasive microsampling of matrices such as dried capillary blood, interstitial fluid and saliva can enable untargeted metabolomics and longitudinal exposome studies in children, with the potential for home self-collection to improve convenience and parental support.
Minimally Invasive Biospecimen Collection for Exposome Research in Children's Health — Petrick et al., Current environmental health reports (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- interstitial-fluid
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- metabolome
2020
In youth aged 8–16 years, first-waking saliva cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1β collected at home associate with prior-night actigraphy sleep metrics. Sleep quality confounds interpretation of salivary stress and immune biomarkers in decentralised paediatric microsampling, so protocols must account for it.
Bidirectional relationships between sleep and biomarkers of stress and immunity in youth — LaVoy et al., International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
- biomarkers
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2019
Comparing matched samples from four individuals, this study found that blood-derived DNA yielded a higher percentage of aligned reads and mean read depth than saliva or buccal samples, p<0.05. While limited by a small sample size, these results suggest decentralised saliva or buccal sampling may be less reliable for whole-genome sequencing.
Impact of DNA source on genetic variant detection from human whole-genome sequencing data — Trost et al., Journal of medical genetics
- blood
- saliva
- genotyping
2019
Saliva self-collection at home and during clinical procedures yielded cortisol data from 326 children, revealing genetic variants in stress-response pathways that may identify paediatric patients at risk of adverse reactions to painful procedures, supporting tailored interventions in decentralised settings.
Genetic Variants and the Cortisol Response in Children: An Exploratory Study — Ersig et al., Biological research for nursing (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
- genotyping
2019
Male fire and emergency service workers showed a lower cortisol awakening response and post-awakening cortisol levels the day after a night on-call with a call, likely due to noise, exertion and stress during callouts. This supports the use of decentralised saliva sampling to assess real-world physiological stress responses in working populations.
Salivary cortisol profiles of on-call from home fire and emergency service personnel — Hall et al., Stress (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2019
A social skills intervention programme delivered in child care centres produced a significant interaction with time of day for diurnal cortisol secretion in preschool children (p = 0.04), with the intervention group showing more typical decreasing cortisol patterns throughout the day. This demonstrates that saliva-based cortisol monitoring in decentralised settings can detect clinically meaningful changes in stress physiology among paediatric populations.
Impact of a social skills program on children's stress: A cluster randomized trial — Larose et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- pediatric
- cortisol
2019
The assay quantifies salivary progesterone with a 5.5 min run time, LLOQ 20 pmol/L, CV and bias <11%, and mean recovery 91%, and it was applied to profile progesterone across the menstrual cycle and during the luteal phase in women, enabling high-throughput, home-based hormone monitoring.
A novel high-throughput assay for the measurement of salivary progesterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry — Schiffer et al., Annals of clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- validation
- fertility
- hormones
2019
In 152 low-income pregnant women, saliva self-collected at home by passive drool showed that higher mindfulness and social support correlated with lower perceived stress reactivity, yet the cortisol awakening response did not differ. This demonstrates that home saliva sampling is feasible for stress biomarker assessment in pregnancy, but psychological interventions may affect subjective stress ratings more than physiological cortisol levels.
The influence of mindfulness and social support on stress reactivity during pregnancy — Sanchez Hernandez et al., Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
Adverse childhood family environments were associated with lower resting blood pressure in women but not men, and home-collected saliva samples showed women had lower total cortisol output than men. This supports the use of self-collected saliva for investigating stress biomarkers in patient-centric cardiovascular research.
Associations between adverse childhood family environments and blood pressure differ between men and women — Schreier et al., PloS one
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
Parents of hospitalised children had lower morning saliva cortisol levels on the ward than when self-sampling at home four weeks later, while postawakening cortisol and cortisol awakening response did not differ between settings. This demonstrates that self-collected saliva can capture setting-specific differences in stress biomarkers, supporting decentralised studies of caregiver wellbeing.
The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital — Angelhoff et al., Nursing open
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
This review found that oral fluid and dried blood spot microsampling can detect hepatitis B virus serological and DNA markers with variable sensitivity ranging from 13 to 100 percent depending on collection method, study population, and assay used. These decentralised sampling approaches could increase access to hepatitis B screening in remote areas and high-risk groups.
Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis — Villar et al., Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- serology
2019
In extremely preterm-born children, salivary cortisol and DHEA at age 6 correlated inversely with early postnatal growth measures and positively with systolic blood pressure, and DHEA was higher than in term-born children, suggesting perinatal programming of cardiometabolic risk.
Adrenal function links to early postnatal growth and blood pressure at age 6 in children born extremely preterm — Watterberg et al., Pediatric research
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
Non-tobacco users who attended six-hour e-cigarette events showed up to 13-fold increases in urinary cotinine and significant rises in salivary cotinine, both peaking four hours after exposure, with acrolein metabolites also increasing but tobacco-specific nitrosamines unchanged. The multi-timepoint collection of urine including first-void specimens and saliva demonstrates how exposure biomarkers can be tracked through biological samples collected outside a clinic setting.
A biomonitoring assessment of secondhand exposures to electronic cigarette emissions — Johnson et al., International journal of hygiene and environmental health (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- first-void
- toxicology
- biomarkers
2019
Women showed elevated evening saliva cortisol and flattened diurnal variation with higher aircraft noise exposure, whereas morning cortisol and all measures in men were unchanged. These findings from self-collected samples demonstrate saliva can serve as a decentralised biomarker for environmentally driven hormonal dysregulation in large cohorts.
Saliva cortisol in relation to aircraft noise exposure: pooled-analysis results from seven European countries — Baudin et al., Environmental health : a global access science source
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
In a pilot of eight perimenopausal women, daily self-collected saliva assays and online symptom questionnaires showed that progesterone modifies estradiol’s association with binge eating and body dissatisfaction, broadly aligning with data from younger women. This demonstrates that decentralised hormone monitoring can capture clinically relevant symptom fluctuations, supporting the feasibility of remote studies in midlife women.
Ovarian hormones influence eating disorder symptom variability during the menopause transition: A pilot study — Baker et al., Eating behaviors (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
2019
Oral rinse samples collected in Scope mouthwash remained stable at ambient temperature for four days, with high intraclass correlation for microbial diversity (Shannon index ICC 0.86), supporting their use in decentralised microbiome studies. However, comparability with OMNIgene ORAL samples was low, suggesting collection methods should not be mixed within a study.
Comparison of Oral Collection Methods for Studies of Microbiota — Vogtmann et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- validation
- microbiome
2019
This review summarises evidence that saliva contains proteins, metabolites, DNA alterations and miRNA that may serve as biomarkers for aging and Alzheimer's disease. It matters for decentralised diagnostics because it establishes the scientific rationale for using self-collected saliva in population screening, though it does not present original validation or stability data.
Current State of Saliva Biomarkers for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease — François et al., Current Alzheimer research (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2019
In a rural Indian cohort of 712 infants, each additional childhood adversity factor was associated with a 6.1% increase in hair cortisol concentration, while diurnal salivary cortisol measures showed no association. This demonstrates that chronic stress biomarkers can be reliably measured from hair and saliva collected during home visits, supporting decentralised paediatric research in low-resource settings.
The contribution of childhood adversity to cortisol measures of early life stress amongst infants in rural India: Findings from the early life stress sub-study of the SPRING cluster randomised controlled trial (SPRING-ELS) — Bhopal et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
This review summarises the use of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid for systemic diseases, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring and neuropsychiatric disorders. It concludes that the ease of self-collection makes saliva particularly suitable for psychiatric patients who may struggle to cooperate with venous sampling.
Diagnostic Value of Salivary Markers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders — Kułak-Bejda et al., Disease markers
- saliva
- self-collection
- tdm
2018
Telomere length measurements vary significantly depending on the sample type used, with Oragene saliva showing a moderate correlation to venous buffy coat, whereas Oasis saliva and dried blood spots did not yield comparable or adequate results for this assay.
Evaluating minimally invasive sample collection methods for telomere length measurement — Goldman et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- dbs
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- venous-agreement
- genotyping
2018
Both blood and saliva collection methods produced sufficient DNA for genotyping, with saliva using Oragene kits being less invasive and more acceptable for participants who declined blood draws, supporting its use in decentralised research settings
The MOSAICC study: Assessing feasibility for biological sample collection in epidemiology studies and comparison of DNA yields from saliva and whole blood samples — James et al., Annals of human genetics (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- acceptability
- genotyping
2018
A study of 307 youth aged 10 to 14 years found that DNA extracted from saliva collected with Oragene kits was suitable for genotyping the OXTR rs53576 variant. This supports decentralised paediatric genetic testing, although the study was limited by its reliance on a community sample.
Depression in early adolescence: Contributions from relational aggression and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene — Kushner et al., Aggressive behavior (paywalled)
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- saliva
- genotyping
2018
Oral microbiota alpha diversity remained stable over 10 months of self-collected samples (intraclass correlation 0.74–0.79), though relative abundance of specific taxa varied more. These stability estimates allow proper power calculations for decentralised epidemiologic studies using oral microsampling.
Temporal Variability of Oral Microbiota over 10 Months and the Implications for Future Epidemiologic Studies — Vogtmann et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- microbiome
2018
Self-collected saliva cortisol and cortisone showed good correlation with free, non-protein-bound serum concentrations across a pregnancy cycle, supporting saliva as a decentralised surrogate for monitoring free glucocorticosteroid levels. Plasma protein binding of cortisone decreased from 86.3 per cent to 80.7 per cent during pregnancy while cortisol binding remained stable at approximately 96 per cent.
The plasma protein binding of the endogenous glucocorticosteroids is of vital importance for the concentrations in hair and saliva — Krumbholz et al., Forensic science international (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
Afternoon salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly higher when collected in the laboratory than when self-collected at home, indicating that collection setting materially influences results. No significant differences were found across menstrual cycle phases or by relationship status, suggesting these factors do not confound basal cortisol measurements in healthy women.
Salivary Afternoon Cortisol and Relationship Status in Healthy Women with Regular Menstrual Cycles — Wilson et al., Women's reproductive health (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
Saliva collected with the Oragene RNA kit contained highly variable amounts of RNA that were predominantly bacterial, with minimal human mRNA present. This limits the immediate utility of salivary transcriptome for disease susceptibility testing in decentralised diagnostics and highlights the need for improved human RNA extraction methods.
Feasibility of the salivary transcriptome as a novel biomarker in determining disease susceptibility — Hidayat et al., Journal of periodontal research (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- biomarkers
2018
Monthly rotating shift type significantly altered the cortisol awakening response (CARi) in female nurses who self-collected saliva at home. This demonstrates that patient-centric microsampling can capture stress-hormone changes related to occupational schedules, supporting decentralised monitoring of worker health.
Influence of shift type on sleep quality of female nurses working monthly rotating shifts with cortisol awakening response as mediating variable — Chang, Chronobiology international (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
Home-collected saliva showed that six days of escitalopram steepened diurnal cortisol slopes in healthy women by raising waking cortisol, suggesting SSRIs may correct flattened cortisol rhythms in depression. No effects were seen on cortisol awakening response or total daily output, demonstrating that self-sampling can capture drug-induced endocrine changes.
The effects of six-day SSRI administration on diurnal cortisol secretion in healthy volunteers — Ronaldson et al., Psychopharmacology
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
Home self-collection of saliva at 32 weeks gestation demonstrated sex-specific associations between maternal cortisol and infant birth weight, with a significant positive association in males. This shows that decentralised sampling can capture clinically relevant hormone data for prenatal research without clinic visits.
Associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and fetal growth are specific to infant sex: findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study — Braithwaite et al., Journal of developmental origins of health and disease (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
The authors developed an inexpensive smartphone-based device that uses artificial intelligence to detect fern patterns in self-collected saliva samples, achieving over 99% accuracy in predicting ovulation. This approach offers a low-cost, patient-friendly alternative to urine hormone tests and basal body temperature monitoring for natural family planning.
An inexpensive smartphone-based device for point-of-care ovulation testing — Potluri et al., Lab on a chip (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- fertility
2018
Remote hepatitis C self-testing and self-sampling are broadly acceptable among people who use drugs, with rapid saliva testing preferred over delayed blood sample results. However, successful uptake requires clear integration into supportive care pathways to help individuals manage positive diagnoses.
A qualitative assessment of the acceptability of hepatitis C remote self-testing and self-sampling amongst people who use drugs in London, UK — Guise et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- saliva
- self-collection
- acceptability
- serology
2018
The immunosensor accurately measured salivary cortisol across the physiological range with good reproducibility and recovery, and showed strong agreement with UHPLC-MS/MS, enabling reliable patient self-collection for stress hormone monitoring.
Disposable electrochemical immunosensor for cortisol determination in human saliva — Kämäräinen et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- hormones
- cortisol
2017
Across five extraction protocols, storage time generally reduced DNA quantity but protocol 1 (Oragene) maintained yield; DNA purity was largely unaffected by storage for commercial protocols but declined for non‑commercial methods; only protocol 1 consistently gave unfragmented DNA and protocols 1–4 yielded amplifiable DNA while protocol 5 rarely did. This supports reliable saliva self‑collection and long‑term storage for genotyping in decentralised settings.
Human DNA extraction from whole saliva that was fresh or stored for 3, 6 or 12 months using five different protocols — Garbieri et al., Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- genotyping
2017
Saliva self-collection with Oragene tubes enabled genotyping of COMT polymorphisms in children, revealing that the AA genotype buffers the negative effect of authoritarian parenting on long-term executive dysfunction after early childhood traumatic brain injury. This demonstrates how decentralised genetic sampling can support longitudinal neurodevelopmental studies in paediatric populations.
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotypes and Parenting Influence on Long-Term Executive Functioning After Moderate to Severe Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study — Kurowski et al., The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2017
In an Irish cohort of 1516 participants, the rs2910164 variant in MIR146A was significantly associated with differentiated thyroid cancer (per allele OR = 1.59, P = 0.002) but not breast cancer. DNA extracted from saliva collected using Oragene 575 kits yielded successful genotyping, supporting decentralised screening for cancer predisposition.
Investigating the association of rs2910164 with cancer predisposition in an Irish cohort — McVeigh et al., Endocrine connections
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- genotyping
2017
Maltreating families showed lower initial adherence to home salivary cortisol sampling than nonmaltreating families, but achieved comparable compliance after receiving additional support and resampling opportunities. Electronic monitoring devices enabled tracking of collection protocol adherence, showing that targeted support facilitates reliable self-collection in vulnerable populations for decentralised diagnostics.
Adherence to Diurnal Cortisol Sampling Among Mother-Child Dyads From Maltreating and Nonmaltreating Families — Valentino et al., Child maltreatment (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
2017
Self-collection of saliva and hair specimens from ethnically diverse breast cancer survivors proved feasible, with samples remaining stable during shipment and storage. Hair cortisol measured by ELISA showed acceptable variability (16% coefficient of variation), supporting decentralised capture of chronic stress biomarkers in oncology cohorts without clinic visits.
Evaluation of cortisol and telomere length measurements in ethnically diverse women with breast cancer using culturally sensitive methods — Ramirez et al., Journal of community genetics
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2017
This study found that saliva collected with the OMNIgene ORAL kit and stored at room temperature for up to 13 months allowed for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA with high sensitivity and specificity compared to blood tests, suggesting it is a viable non-invasive alternative for malaria diagnosis.
Detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva samples stored at room temperature: potential for a non-invasive saliva-based diagnostic test for malaria — Mfuh et al., Malaria journal
- saliva
- stabilised
- validation
- serology
2017
Among 148 Marshallese adults recruited through community-based participatory research, 95.5% provided a 2 mL saliva specimen using an Oragene DNA self-collection kit and 96.6% agreed to future contact, demonstrating high acceptability of patient-centric, decentralised genetic sampling in an underserved population with disproportionate type 2 diabetes burden.
Leveraging community-based participatory research capacity to recruit Pacific Islanders into a genetics study — McElfish et al., Journal of community genetics (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- self-collection
- acceptability
- genotyping
2017
In low income children, lower cortisol output strengthened the association between lack of routine and poorer emotion regulation, suggesting that underlying stress biology may shape how home environment influences child emotion regulation.
Child cortisol moderates the association between family routines and emotion regulation in low-income children — Miller et al., Developmental psychobiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2017
Aircraft noise exposure flattened the daily cortisol rhythm in 1244 adults, with unchanged morning but higher evening saliva cortisol levels. This shows home-collected saliva can monitor stress-related HPA axis changes linked to cardiovascular disease risk, supporting decentralised biomarker screening.
Effects of aircraft noise exposure on saliva cortisol near airports in France — Lefèvre et al., Occupational and environmental medicine (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2016
With Oragene DISCOVER self-collection, saliva SNP-array genotypes matched blood at 99.996% concordance; about 6% of samples failed on low yield, so an occasional repeat should be expected.
Saliva DNA quality and genotyping efficiency in a predominantly elderly population — Gudiseva et al., BMC Medical Genomics
- dna
- venous-agreement
- stabilised
- blood
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
ORAcollect saliva matched blood at 97.9% overall variant concordance on a hereditary-cancer NGS panel, rising to 100% for protein-coding variants, supporting self-collected saliva for germline testing.
Validation of saliva as an alternative specimen for detecting hereditary breast-cancer mutations by next-generation sequencing — Meghnani et al., International J. Genomics
- dna
- venous-agreement
- stabilised
- blood
- dna-genotek-oracollect
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
An evaluation of five saliva collection kits found that only Norgen and Stratec achieved DNA yields comparable to Oragene of 30 µg or more, whilst Oasis was the easiest for sample collection. All commercial kits outperformed an in-house protocol, offering viable, cost-effective options for decentralised sampling.
Comparative Study of Five Commercially Available Saliva Collection Kits for DNA Extraction — Deeley et al., Clinical laboratory (paywalled)
- dna-genotek-oragene
- liquid
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2016
The study identified fungiform papillae biopsy as the optimal method for RNA integrity, though saliva techniques like the Oragene kit successfully amplified a subset of taste genes as a non-invasive alternative.
A Comparison of Collection Techniques for Gene Expression Analysis of Human Oral Taste Tissue — Archer et al., PloS one
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
2016
Saliva microbiomes stored in OMNIgene medium remained stable for at least one week at room temperature. Dental plaque collected by scaler or CytoSoft brush showed minimal taxonomic differences, while plaque stored in OMNIgene exhibited higher diversity and greater similarity between samples than plaque in liquid transport medium. These results inform ambient stabilisation protocols for decentralised oral microbiome collection.
Effects of Specimen Collection Methodologies and Storage Conditions on the Short-Term Stability of Oral Microbiome Taxonomy — Luo et al., Applied and environmental microbiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- pediatric
- microbiome
2016
Saliva collected with the Oragene DISCOVER kit from 30 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma produced DNA concentrations comparable to paired venous blood, though with slightly lower purity from protein contamination. Saliva is a viable alternative to blood for germline screening of SDHB and SDHD mutations in this population.
SDH Subunit Mutation Status in Saliva: Genetic Testing in Patients with Pheochromocytoma — Osinga et al., Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- venous-agreement
- genotyping
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