The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 101–200 of 757 labelled “validation”, newest first.
2025
A head-to-head of four upper-arm capillary devices, including TAP Micro Select, versus fingerstick and venous: experience and performance varied by device with none clearly superior, while analyte correlations with venous were similar across all.
Comparing capillary blood collection technologies: patient experience, device performance and clinical accuracy — Collier et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- yourbio
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- validation
- bd-microtainer
2025
A vacuum-assisted upper-arm device collected a mean 538 µL and met the volume target in 85.5% of cases; 17 of 19 analytes met CLIA agreement with venous, with pain lower than fingerstick.
Evaluation of a Simplified Upper-Arm Device for Vacuum-Assisted Collection of Capillary Blood — Schaff et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- validation
- bd-microtainer
2025
Plasma lipidomes from self-collected upper-arm capillary blood were statistically indistinguishable from paired venous plasma, most classes at r=0.95–0.99, validating at-home capillary self-collection for lipidomics.
Comparison of capillary and venous plasma lipidomes: validation of self-collected blood for plasma lipidomics — Hameed et al., J. Lipid Research
- venous-agreement
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
This study validated a method for measuring the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol using two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices, finding that the Mitra device met all validation criteria and agreed with venous sampling. The Capitainer device was deemed suitable but showed reduced accuracy at higher concentrations, with a small proportional negative bias compared to venous results.
A validated method for capillary phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 quantification with two different 10-µl volumetric absorptive microsample devices in the same setup — Andreassen et al., Journal of analytical toxicology (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- toxicology
- capillary
- validation
2025
A comparison of blood microsampling found that after 35 days, PFAS recovery changed by over 10% for five analytes using the Neoteryx hemaPEN and four using Whatman 903, but zero using the Neoteryx Mitra. The Mitra retained 45 of 49 PFAS within 70-130% recovery, showing its high stability for decentralised biomonitoring without contamination risks.
Comparison of microsampling for PFAS blood analysis: Enabling cheap high-resolution biomonitoring — Partington et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
The study found that VAMS devices exhibited elevated background metal concentrations that often matched or exceeded levels found in venous blood, complicating trace element analysis. Although a cleaning protocol reduced some background noise, persistent contamination limits the current efficacy of this microsampling method for environmental biomonitoring.
Evaluating the efficacy of the VAMS Mitra microsampler for whole blood trace element analysis — Ogunesan et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Dried saliva collected with the Mitra device correlated strongly with wet saliva but poorly with plasma unbound and total concentrations, indicating it is not a reliable substitute for plasma in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite. Capillary blood collected via VAMS remains a promising alternative for long term monitoring in paediatric patients.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling of Saliva for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: Bioanalytical Method Validation and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation — Kocur et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- saliva
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
The study found very strong correlation between venous blood collection and capillary VAMS using Mitra devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies, with samples remaining stable at room temperature for several months. This enables reliable at-home, patient-centric serological testing for large-scale community surveillance and vaccine studies.
Validation of at-home blood sampling for large scale, cost effective serological analysis for anti-viral antibody responses — Mayer et al., Journal of immunological methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2025
This study compared four dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection, finding that the Mitra VAMS device offered the best combination of analytical recovery and user usability, whilst the HemaXis DB10 showed the least bias compared to whole blood.
Analytical and usability comparison of microsampling dried blood spot devices for glucocorticoid detection in sports using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry — Chen et al., Analytica chimica acta (paywalled)
- vams
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- haematocrit
- dried
- toxicology
- hormones
- validation
2025
The study found a dried blood spot method for ustekinumab was linear from 3 to 12 mg/L with inter-day accuracy of 90.1 to 106%, enabling reliable capillary blood measurement for remote monitoring; the authors note the single-centre design.
Development, Validation and Application of the Dried Blood Spot Analysis Method for the Determination of Ustekinumab in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease — Mingas et al., Pharmaceuticals
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- tdm
- biologics
2025
The study validated a method for measuring cystic fibrosis drugs in dried blood spots, showing statistical equivalence to plasma concentrations, which supports their use as a less invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring. It also found higher drug levels in nasal swabs, indicating localised accumulation at the disease site, which could inform more personalised treatment.
Development and application of a multimatrix LC-MS/MS method for quantifying elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: Expanding therapeutic drug monitoring in cystic fibrosis from systemic circulation to airways and sweat — Mucci et al., Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- sweat
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- pediatric
- validation
2025
Validated on 40 adults, leptin measured from finger-prick dried blood spots agreed closely with matched serum and stayed stable at ambient and raised temperatures for 72 hours; the authors present it as a route into groups such as children that venepuncture has kept out of leptin research.
Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measuring Leptin, a Key Metabolic Hormone, in Dried Blood Spot Samples — Kim et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- hormones
2025
The study found that capillary microtube samples showed perfect correlation, R 1.00, and narrow limits of agreement with venous blood for IgG monitoring, making them a viable alternative. Dried blood spots showed only moderate correlation, R 0.77, and broad limits of agreement, which the authors state makes them unsuitable for routine diagnostics.
Comparison of capillary dried blood spot and capillary microtubes with venous immunoglobulin G levels for routine diagnostics — Boland et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
2025
The HematoCARD cartridge autonomously collects duplicate 10 microlitre dried blood spot samples from a single finger prick and shows good analytical performance for monitoring adalimumab, with accuracy between 91 and 111 per cent, linearity R squared 0.99 and coefficient of variation at or above 0.94 compared with serum reference and commercial DBS microsampling methods.
HematoCARD: A Volumetric Duplicate Dried Blood Spot Collection Cartridge Validated for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Van Hileghem et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- volumetric
- biologics
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
A quantitative dried blood spot method using only 10 µL of blood successfully quantified six azole antimycotics and showed samples were stable under conditions simulating postal mailing. A formula to convert dried spot results to plasma values was derived, though the authors note this is an in vitro validation and clinical studies are required for translation to patient care.
Simultaneous Quantification of Azole Antimycotics in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots: A Step Toward Home Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Li et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- qdbs
- self-collection
- validation
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
A study of decentralised patient-centric microsampling found that 82% of untrained participants, 47 of 57, successfully self-collected acceptable fingerstick blood in Microtainer tubes. All 46 tested samples yielded accurate HIV viral suppression results compared to venipuncture, though this remote monitoring approach is limited to US courier services and temperature conditions.
A cross-sectional analysis of fingerstick blood self-microcollection for remote HIV suppression monitoring in Atlanta, Georgia, USA: a path to expanding access to continuum of care — Johnson et al., AIDS research and therapy
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- serology
2025
This study validated a method for quantifying fluconazole using the Mitra device, demonstrating sufficient accuracy and precision for therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric patients.
Determination of Fluconazole in Children in Small Blood Volumes Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) Detection — Zimbelmann et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
A comparison of three patient-centric dried blood microsampling devices, paper DBS, Mitra and Tasso-M20, found strong to excellent correlation with traditional venous plasma for measuring branched-chain amino acids and ketoacids. Participants reported high acceptability and expressed a strong willingness to use these devices for decentralised self-collection.
Quantitation of BCAA and BCKA in plasma and patient-centric dried blood microsamples in a clinical setting — Tierney et al., Bioanalysis
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
The study found volumetric absorptive microsampling showed high agreement between capillary and venous concentrations, with 94% of dasatinib and 95% of imatinib samples meeting the 20% acceptance criterion. VAMS is viable for imatinib monitoring and may allow longitudinal follow-up for dasatinib; however, VAMS results for imatinib, but not dasatinib, could be converted to plasma concentrations using prior ratios.
Toward Clinical Implementation of a Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling-Based Method for Dasatinib and Imatinib Therapeutic Drug Monitoring — Verougstraete et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- oncology
2025
The EUROArray HPV test achieved similar sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ detection using first-void urine and vaginal self-samples compared with clinician-collected cervical samples, supporting the use of self-collection for cervical screening.
EUROArray HPV test accuracy for cervical precancer in self- vs. clinician-collected samples using the VALHUDES protocol — van et al., Gynecologic oncology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
The study compared quantitative dried blood spot (qDBS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices for measuring ganciclovir levels in capillary blood from pediatric renal transplant recipients. This comparison provides evidence for choosing between microsampling devices in therapeutic drug monitoring, supporting decentralised sampling approaches that reduce patient burden while maintaining analytical accuracy.
The comparison of two volumetric microsampling devices (qDBS and VAMS) for determining ganciclovir levels in capillary blood using the LC-MS/MS technique in pediatric renal transplant recipients — Kocur et al., European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2025
This review summarises how volumetric absorptive microsampling facilitates self-sampling and improves stability for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies while maintaining performance comparable to standard venous blood draws.
How microsampling is impacting pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies: volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) — Protti et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- vams
- blood
- dried
- toxicology
- validation
2025
The paper summarises that volumetric finger-prick self-sampling is suitable for monitoring immunosuppressants and biomarkers after kidney transplantation, but successful implementation requires careful design of the entire workflow, including patient training and method validation. This matters because it provides a real-world framework for moving critical monitoring from the clinic to the patient's home.
Implementation of Volumetric Finger-Prick Self-Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants After Kidney Transplantation: Lessons Learned From the Practice — Vethe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- volumetric
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- immunosuppressants
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
A UHPLC-MS/MS assay using the Capitainer-qDBS device successfully quantified five antiseizure medications, showing robust 30-day stability at room temperature and no haematocrit effect between 20-70%. Although the clinical cohort was small, comparison with plasma in 30 patients showed good correlation, supporting the potential of this patient-centric microsampling method for decentralised home monitoring.
Quantitative dried blood spot microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of -antiseizure medications by design of experiment and UHPLC-MS/MS — Cancellerini et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- validation
2025
A study of 12 kidney transplant recipients providing 69 paired samples found that a VAMS-based assay for mycophenolic acid and its metabolite had 90% to 106% accuracy. Converting microsampling results to plasma concentrations met agreement criteria, supporting decentralised monitoring, though the study was small and limited to a single centre.
Development and Clinical Validation of a Volumetric Absorptive Capillary Microsampling Method for Quantification of Mycophenolic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid Glucuronide in Kidney Transplant Recipients — Drevland et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
This study found moderate to strong correlations between SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in fingerprick dried blood spots collected using the hemaPEN device and standard venous serum samples from children and adults. The results suggest that this microsampling device offers a reliable alternative to venepuncture for serological surveillance.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Between Paired Fingerprick (HemaPEN<sup>®</sup>) and Venepuncture Collected Samples in Children and Adults — Mazarakis et al., Antibodies
- blood
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- serology
2025
This study found that the HarmoniaHPV assay on first-void urine collected via Colli-Pee and vaginal self-samples showed a relative sensitivity of 0.95 for detecting CIN2+ compared to cervical samples. The VenusHPV assay showed similar accuracy but required cut-off optimisation, supporting decentralised HPV screening.
Accuracy of Liferiver HarmoniaHPV and VenusHPV Assays on Urine and Vaginal Self-Samples — Latsuzbaia et al., Journal of medical virology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- self-collection
- hpv
- urine
- validation
2025
A validated LC-MS/MS method for everolimus using Mitra and Capitainer devices found excellent agreement between capillary microsamples and venous whole blood in 33 adult transplant recipients. The results showed high accuracy and negligible haematocrit effects, supporting the use of microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Quantitative Dried Blood Spot Methods with LC-MS/MS in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Analytical and Clinical Comparative Study — Kocur et al., Molecules
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- qdbs
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
In children with SLE, VAMS finger-prick capillary blood gave haematocrit-adjusted MPA and MPAG concentrations indistinguishable from plasma, and the AUC from VAMS derived plasma-equivalent concentrations matched plasma AUC with R2 0.97. This supports accurate pharmacokinetically guided dosing of MMF using only three timed capillary microsamples.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with Mass Spectrometry to Support Pharmacokinetically-Guided Precision Dosing of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Pediatric Lupus Nephritis Patients — Zhao et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- pediatric
- immunosuppressants
- validation
2025
A validated offline SPE-LC-MS/MS method using the Mitra microsampling device successfully quantified tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, tryptophan, kynurenine, and creatinine simultaneously. The method met EMA and FDA criteria, showing agreement between capillary and venous sampling, which could facilitate decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring and transplant follow-up through patient self-collection.
An Offline SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine A, Kynurenine, Tryptophan, and Creatinine Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Device Mitra — Nierychlewski et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
- biomarkers
2025
The Egoo Phe system showed strong concordance with dried blood spot testing across 100 paired samples, with median phenylalanine 274 versus 270 μmol/L and readings a mean 4.6% higher, and high caregiver acceptance; the small sample size limits generalisability and further validation in larger cohorts is required.
Point-of-Care Testing in PKU: A New ERA of Blood Phenylalanine Monitoring — Pinto et al., Nutrients
- acceptability
- blood
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- validation
2025
This study established conversion methods for estimating plasma concentrations from whole blood VAMS samples for seven out of ten oral anticancer drugs, finding good agreement between capillary and venous samples. Patients reported a positive experience with home sampling using this microsampling technique.
Clinical Application of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs — Meertens et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- vams
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- tdm
- self-collection
- oncology
- capillary
- validation
2025
A prospective study of 109 subjects found that 250 μl capillary whole blood microsampling is stable for five hours in a microtainer. This patient-centric, decentralised method successfully detected most HCV genotypes at defined limits using the Xpert HCV test on the GeneXpert Xpress system and the cobas HCV platform.
Independent assessment of a point of care HCV RNA test by laboratory analytical testing and a prospective field study in the U.S — Miller et al., PloS one
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- bd-microtainer
- validation
- serology
2025
The authors found that a single microdose of recombinant EPO was detectable up to 72 hours using ITP and CP methods, though the Tasso microsampling device showed lower sensitivity than Mitra and Capitainer. Additionally, isotope ratio mass spectrometry successfully detected testosterone micro-dosing in all analysed samples, supported by serum testosterone levels.
Detection of a Single Microdose of Testosterone and Recombinant EPO in Healthy Volunteers — Heiland et al., Drug testing and analysis
- neoteryx-mitra
- doping
- blood
- dbs
- dried
- steroids
- capillary
- hormones
- urine
- validation
2025
The paper highlights that while self-collection microsampling devices for blood and other matrices are advancing decentralised testing, standardisation of sample collection and integration into clinical workflows is critical for reliable results. This matters because it identifies key hurdles that must be overcome for patient-centric sampling to be widely adopted in healthcare.
Standardization of Microsampling Technologies for Accurate Sensing and Reliable Diagnostics — Mora & Mace, ACS sensors (paywalled)
- blood
- standards
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- validation
- saliva
2025
This meta-analysis found strong agreement between self-collected capillary blood and venous samples for laboratory results. Capillary sampling was associated with significantly lower pain scores than venipuncture, particularly when using upper arm devices rather than fingerprick methods.
Comparison of laboratory results and pain perception in self-sampled capillary blood versus venous blood sampling: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Schröder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- blood
- self-collection
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
2025
HPV DNA testing on first-void urine collected at home performed as well as clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting CIN2+ using Roche cobas 4800 and 6800 systems, with good to excellent agreement between paired samples. This supports the use of home-collected first-void urine for cervical cancer screening programmes.
Equivalent Clinical Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing Using Cobas 4800 and 6800 Human Papillomavirus Systems in Paired Urine and Cervical Samples — Van Keer et al., The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
Using the Novosanis Colli-Pee Small Volumes device, this study found that self-collected first-void urine had slightly lower sensitivity for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia than cervical samples, CIN2+ ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, with comparable specificity. This patient-centric, decentralised approach offers a feasible screening alternative despite a marginal reduction in sensitivity.
Clinical and Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity m HR HPV Assay in a New Generation First-Void Urine Collector — Van Keer et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
The study validated the Allplex HPV28 assay for use with first-void urine samples collected using a Colli-Pee device, finding good agreement with a reference method and that it works without pre-centrifugation. This provides a reliable, non-invasive option for HPV screening and vaccine monitoring, which is important for increasing participation in decentralised settings.
Optimization and analytical validation of the Allplex HPV28 genotyping assay for use in first-void urine samples — Bell et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- colli-pee
- first-void
- sti
- hpv
- urine
- validation
- genotyping
2025
A Danish study found that first-void urine testing using the 10-mL Colli-Pee device had similar sensitivity to cervical sampling for detecting CIN2+, ratio 0.97, and CIN3+, ratio 0.95, though specificity was lower. This patient-centric, decentralised microsampling method shows promise, but further clinical accuracy and acceptability data in under-screened populations are needed before implementation.
High-risk human papillomavirus testing in first-void urine as a novel and non-invasive cervical cancer screening modality-a Danish diagnostic test accuracy study — Tranberg et al., BMC medicine
- urine
- first-void
- colli-pee
- validation
- hpv
2025
In an untargeted metabolomics study, microsampling devices, particularly the Mitra and Capitainer, yielded metabolic profiles comparable or superior to plasma in feature number and intensity, and in the precision and stability of some metabolites. This supports their potential for large-scale, decentralised metabolic profiling, though the captured metabolite profile was application-dependent.
LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling — Thaitumu et al., Metabolites
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- qdbs
- metabolome
- dried
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
This study found that stool samples self-collected on cards showed high correlation and agreement with ethanol-fixed samples for metagenomic sequencing, with negligible differences in microbial diversity. The results support the use of stool cards as a cost-effective alternative for decentralised sampling in epidemiologic studies, despite minor variations in individual species abundance.
Comparing the Metagenomic Performance of Stools Collected from Custom Cards and 95% Ethanol in Epidemiologic Studies — Kuntz et al., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (paywalled)
- stool
- dried
- self-collection
- validation
- microbiome
- colorectal
2025
Self-collection of vaginal samples achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while first-void urine achieved 90% sensitivity and 99% specificity, compared with cervical brushing for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis; these results support the use of self-collected samples for decentralised STI testing.
Accuracy of self-collection versus cervical sampling for the molecular diagnosis of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in women attending gynecological services — Vasco et al., Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia
- first-void
- sti
- self-collection
- urine
- validation
2025
This review summarises how incorporating saliva and urine into home-based point-of-care systems expands diagnostic accessibility for dengue virus, aligning with the WHO REASSURED framework for affordable and rapid testing.
Integrative Advances in Dengue Virus Diagnostics: From Technological Innovation to Tiered Diagnostic Systems — Shi et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
This study of acutely ill older adults found that in-home point-of-care testing provided clinically reliable results, with strong correlations observed between on-site analysis and routine laboratory testing. While venous samples showed lower misclassification rates, capillary blood offered a pragmatic alternative for decentralised diagnostics despite higher variation.
Validation of point-of-care tests used at in-home assessments among older adults in primary care — Smedemark et al., Scandinavian journal of primary health care
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
2025
This study found that self-collected capillary blood using the Topper system provided reliable results for most clinical chemistry analytes compared to venous sampling, with 94% of participants successfully obtaining a sample. While glucose and uncorrected AST failed to meet bias criteria, analytes such as lipids and enzymes demonstrated optimal agreement, supporting the use of this decentralised microsampling method for home testing.
Validation of (self-collected) capillary blood using a topper collection system as alternative for venous sampling for 15 common clinical chemistry analytes — Geujar et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
2025
This study validated a method combining quantitative dried blood spots with DNA methylation analysis to monitor B-cell counts remotely, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity for a specific clinical threshold. This decentralised approach facilitates patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring for anti-CD20 therapies by overcoming the logistical barriers of regular venous sampling.
Home-sampling of B cells using quantitative dried blood spots to enable tailored therapeutic re-dosing of anti-CD20 therapies — Tallantyre et al., Multiple sclerosis (paywalled)
- biologics
- multimodal
- blood
- rpm
- qdbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- validation
2025
This study found that a decontamination pipeline using metagenome-assembled genomes improves the accuracy of variant calling from saliva samples, showing superior concordance with blood-derived results compared to conventional methods. These results validate the potential of self-collected oral samples for accurate personal genotyping.
Metagenome-assembled genomes enhance bacterial read decontamination and variant calling in oral samples — An et al., iScience
- venous-agreement
- blood
- microbiome
- validation
- saliva
- genotyping
2025
This study compared OMNIgene Gut tubes and FTA cards for stool collection in a deployed setting, finding that OMNIgene yielded higher nucleic acid concentrations while both methods detected the majority of microbial genera. The authors conclude that distinct microbial abundance profiles between the two methods necessitate standardised protocols for field research.
Field expedient stool collection methods for gut microbiome analysis in deployed military environments — Kok et al., mSphere
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- dried
- microbiome
- stool
- validation
2025
This study found that dried blood microsamples, particularly those collected with the Mitra device, provided metabolic profiles comparable or superior to conventional plasma, supporting their use as a viable alternative for untargeted metabolomics.
Toward minimally invasive metabolomics: GC-MS metabolic fingerprints of dried blood microsamples in comparison to plasma — Marques de Sá E Silva et al., The Analyst (paywalled)
- vams
- venous-agreement
- neoteryx-mitra
- blood
- dbs
- metabolome
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
Capillary dried blood spot concentrations of levetiracetam agreed closely with plasma, with 92.1% within 20% of the mean and no proportional bias, and capillary matched venous dried blood spot with acceptable deviations; samples remained stable during postal transit, enabling at‑home self‑sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam - Is dried blood spot sampling suitable? — Linder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- venous-agreement
- blood
- dbs
- tdm
- self-collection
- dried
- capillary
- validation
2025
BD's MiniDraw capillary system, in the hands of trained staff without phlebotomy experience, was clinically equivalent to conventional capillary and venous collection for a panel of general chemistry analytes, alanine aminotransferase and chloride against the venous comparator excepted, and its serum separator tube held the analytes for 48 hours. It shows an upper-arm system reaching pharmacy-style settings with laboratory-grade results.
Evaluation of a Novel Capillary Blood Collection System for Blood Sampling in Nontraditional Settings as Compared with Currently Marketed Capillary and Venous Blood Collection Systems for Selected General Chemistry Analytes — Parikh et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- validation
2025
A 2025 review maps 28 microsampling devices, from dried spots and volumetric absorptive tips to upper-arm liquid capillary collectors, and names what a laboratory must control before their results are used: the haematocrit effect in non-volumetric dried samples, interstitial fluid from finger milking, volume, haemolysis and transport stability. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic ask for the same two things, a device the patient can use safely and a sample fit for the test.
Patient centric blood sampling and analysis for diagnostics and laboratory medicine — Spooner et al., Bioanalysis
- blood
- standards
- self-collection
- haematocrit
- dried
- capillary
- liquid
- validation
2025
In 46 women under hormone monitoring at Columbia University Fertility Center, oestradiol, LH, FSH, progesterone and hCG measured on routine immunoassays from 400 to 600 microlitres of upper-arm capillary blood collected with TAP Micro Select agreed closely with paired venous results for every analyte, with correlation and concordance high throughout. It is the evidence that puts a self-collected sample inside the daily monitoring of an IVF cycle.
Painless, needle-free capillary blood collection for fertility hormone monitoring — Lattin et al., Fertility and sterility (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- yourbio
- fertility
- hormones
- venous-agreement
- validation
2025
In 40 participants, dried blood spots showed excellent agreement with venous blood for HBA1c measurement (LCCC 0.982, PCC 0.990, limits of agreement -0.45 to 0.48). The method demonstrated high repeatability (CV 1.13) and clinical conformity (K 0.80), suggesting capillary DBS sampling could replace venipuncture for diabetes monitoring in decentralised settings.
Preliminary comparative study of HBA1c measurement by IEX-HPLC Bio-Rad in dried blood spot vs. whole venous blood — Hadami et al., Annales de biologie clinique (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2025
The Mira fertility monitor's LH surge and urine E1-3G levels correlated strongly with the ClearBlue Fertility Monitor's LH surge and low-to-high shift in both postpartum and perimenopause transitions, supporting at-home urine hormone monitoring for fertility tracking.
Validating At-Home Urinary Hormone Measurements in Postpartum and Perimenopause Fertility Transitions — Bouchard et al., Women's health reports
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- fertility
- hormones
2025
This study introduces a statistical approach based on an information criterion to assess agreement between two measurement methods, evaluating six models simultaneously to provide an objective decision rule. The method is demonstrated using real data sets from patient-centric microsampling, offering a robust tool for method validation and regulatory compliance.
An Information Criterion Approach for Assessing Agreement When Comparing Two Methods of Measurement — Tan et al., Statistics in medicine (paywalled)
- validation
- standards
2025
A meta-analysis of 15 studies with 3665 participants showed that urine and vaginal self-sampling for HPV testing achieved pooled sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.81 for cervical cancer screening, with an area under the curve of 0.92. Vaginal self-sampling outperformed urine sampling for high-risk HPV detection, and both methods demonstrated high sensitivity for identifying CIN2 lesions, indicating their suitability for patient-centric screening.
Accuracy analysis of cervical cancer screening using urine and vaginal self-sampling versus clinician-collected samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Li et al., International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Self-collected urine HPV nucleic acid amplification testing shows high pooled sensitivity but modest specificity for detecting HSIL+, supporting its use as a non-invasive decentralised screening option though confirmatory testing may be needed due to lower specificity.
Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing using self-collected urine samples for detecting high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion or worse: a diagnostic meta-analysis — Hsiao et al., International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Oral sponge saliva RT-PCR achieved 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs in 3,488 symptomatic and asymptomatic adults, while buccal swab performance varied with infection history and symptoms. The rapid antigen test showed 66.9% sensitivity overall, increasing to 97% in high viral load samples. Oral sponge collection permits self-sampling without laboratory pre-analytical steps, offering a robust method for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 screening.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 screening tests: a national prospective analysis — Althaus et al., BMC infectious diseases
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
The First to Know Syphilis Self-Test, using self-collected fingerstick capillary blood, demonstrated 93.4% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity against a composite reference standard in a 1,270-subject study. This over-the-counter test enables patient-centric screening at home, which could improve early detection and reduce transmission of syphilis and associated STIs.
Clinical development and performance of the First to Know Syphilis Self-Test for over-the-counter usage: a <i>de novo</i> rapid test for treponemal antibody — Clark et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
- sti
2025
Dried blood spot HPLC accurately identified and quantified all major hemoglobin variants after ambient storage for up to three weeks, correctly diagnosing sickle cell, beta-thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies compared to conventional whole blood analysis. This supports cost-effective, decentralised screening in remote regions where venous sampling is impractical.
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis and Its Comparison between Conventional High-performance Liquid Chromatography Using Whole Blood versus Dried Blood Spot: High-performance Liquid Chromatography — Jena et al., Indian journal of public health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- economics
2025
Concentrated first-void urine samples detected HPV with 84.6% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity, showing substantial agreement with cervical swabs (Fleiss' kappa 0.796). This noninvasive self-collection method could expand screening coverage and improve patient acceptance in decentralised and resource-limited settings.
Concentrated urine as an alternative to cervical smear samples enabling easy screening of HPV in large populations — Uyar et al., Journal of infection and public health (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
2025
An LC-MS/MS assay using volumetric absorptive microsampling achieved 72.5% to 98.9% accuracy and under 8% precision for measuring circulating endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. However, drying time significantly altered 2-AG and 2-OG concentrations, and marked differences were observed between whole blood and plasma measurements.
Spotlight on Endocannabinoids in Healthy Individuals Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with LC-MS/MS Analysis — Haroune et al., ACS omega
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- haematocrit
- biomarkers
2025
Targeted proteomic evaluation of a novel finger-prick dried plasma device demonstrated strong quantitative correlation with conventional plasma (R = 0.99) and precision under 10% CV for 80% of quantified peptides across healthy donors. Quantified targets also remained stable during room temperature storage for up to 232 days, supporting its use for decentralised biomarker monitoring.
Quantitative Assessment of a Novel Device Designed for Patient-centric Sampling of Dried Plasma Using Targeted Proteomics — Hober et al., Analytical chemistry
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- biomarkers
2025
This review summarises how emerging HPV detection methods including CRISPR/Cas systems, droplet digital PCR and isothermal amplification, combined with self-collected vaginal swabs and liquid biopsy from urine or blood, could improve screening acceptability and enable point-of-care testing compared with conventional approaches that require invasive sampling and centralised laboratory infrastructure.
Evolving HPV diagnostics: current practice and future frontiers — Shi et al., Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
- liquid-biopsy
2025
Comfort Draw collected adequate capillary blood from the upper arm in 85.5 per cent of attempts for total blood volume and 95.1 per cent for serum volume, with 17 of 19 serum analytes meeting CLIA acceptance criteria against matched venous samples. The procedure scored a mean pain rating of 0.39 out of 10, indicating high patient acceptability, and the device’s simpler design may lower cost for decentralised diagnostics.
Evaluation of a Simplified Upper Arm Device for Vacuum-Assisted Collection of Capillary Blood Specimens — Schaff et al., Diagnostics
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
2025
The study found that dried blood spot sampling showed good agreement with plasma concentrations for vancomycin and creatinine, with most differences within 20%, and patients preferred the finger prick method over venepuncture, supporting its use for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Clinical validation of an innovative dried whole-blood spot method to quantify simultaneously vancomycin and creatinine in adult patients — Hassanzai et al., The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2025
Capillary blood collection using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated equivalent quantification of principal colonic polyphenol metabolites compared with matched venous plasma across a six-hour period following barley biscuit consumption. The technique successfully captured the pharmacokinetic profiles over 48 hours, confirming VAMS as a reliable alternative to venepuncture for dietary biomarker monitoring.
Finger-prick blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) method for monitoring the main (poly)phenolic metabolites in human blood after barley biscuit intake — Cortijo-Alfonso et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2025
A fully validated LC-MS method quantifies four direct oral anticoagulants and phenprocoumon from 10 µL capillary blood collected with Neoteryx Mitra VAMS devices. Samples remained stable for seven days at room temperature, showed no significant haematocrit effect, and offers a reliable approach for ambulatory therapeutic drug monitoring.
Development and validation of a quantification method for direct oral anticoagulants from capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling and online SPE-LC-MS — Opitz et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
VAMS finger-prick sampling showed moderate agreement with conventional venous sampling for clofazimine, with a systematic 13% lower concentration that can be corrected, and was more cost-effective by about 4.45 USD per sample, supporting its use for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in MDR-TB.
Analytical and clinical validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) - Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of Clofazimine in whole blood — Nugraha et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- economics
2025
The study validated Mitra VAMS devices for detecting nerve agent, sulfur mustard and opioid metabolites in dried human blood, achieving sensitivities between 0.05 and 1 ng/mL across analytes with acceptable precision, accuracy and recovery, supporting their use as a simpler alternative to refrigerated sample transport for forensic exposure verification.
Evaluation of dried blood spot sampling for verification of exposure to chemical threat agents — Walker et al., Forensic toxicology
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- toxicology
2025
The Cobas Liat CT/NG/MG nucleic acid amplification test achieved 97% specificity for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and mycoplasma from self-collected urine and vaginal swabs at point-of-care, with sensitivity of at least 92% for most specimen types. Sensitivity was modestly lower for female urine (77–87%), yet the 20-minute turnaround time and ease of use support rapid, decentralised STI screening and reduced empiric treatment.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Cobas Liat CT/NG/MG nucleic acid test in a clinical laboratory setting and point-of-care location — Van Der Pol et al., Journal of clinical microbiology
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2025
Self-collected penile-meatal swabs matched urine samples with 98.7% agreement for STI detection in symptomatic Ugandan men, performing equally well even in those with multiple concurrent infections. This validates swabs as a simpler, more practical alternative for decentralised STI screening in low-resource settings.
Self-collected penile-meatal swabs are suitable for the detection of STIs in Ugandan men with high rates of STI coinfections — Melendez et al., Sexually transmitted infections (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- sti
2025
Self-collected vaginal and urine specimens demonstrated good to substantial agreement with clinician-collected cervical samples for detecting high-risk HPV and other sexually transmitted infections, supporting their use in decentralised screening programmes. The higher STI positivity rate among hrHPV-positive women suggests coinfections may influence cervical disease, warranting further investigation.
Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in Cervical and Self-Collected Specimens — Giubbi et al., International journal of molecular sciences
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Saliva-based RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 achieved 100 per cent sensitivity and 97 per cent specificity against nasopharyngeal swabs, while rapid antigen testing on saliva showed comparable performance and detected 97 per cent of infectious cases with cycle threshold values of 30 or below. This supports saliva self-collection as an accurate, practical option for decentralised COVID-19 screening.
Evaluating saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A practical alternative — Sultana et al., Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
Capillary blood sampling showed near-perfect correlation with venous sampling for total PSA across a wide clinical range with negligible bias, and samples remained stable at ambient temperature for up to eight days, supporting feasibility of home self-testing for prostate cancer.
Total Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing in Capillary Samples: Proof-of-Principle and Feasibility Study for Home Self-Testing for Prostate Cancer — Sodi et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
2025
A dried blood spot LC-MS/MS method for voclosporin was analytically validated using volumetric sampling devices, demonstrating strong agreement with whole blood analysis across a 10-600 µg/L range. The method meets ICH M10 guidelines and allows remote therapeutic drug monitoring in kidney transplant recipients.
Dried blood spot LC-MS/MS quantification of voclosporin in renal transplant recipients using volumetric dried blood spot sampling — Metscher et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2025
Researchers developed an assay to quantify seven cannabinoids and metabolites from 20 µL oral fluid self-collected via a VAMS device, achieving a limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. In six cannabis consumers, the method successfully quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol up to 6236 ng/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of low-volume volumetric microsampling for non-invasive toxicology and roadside testing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by volumetric absorptive microsampling combined with UHPLC-HRMS — Thiebot et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
- toxicology
2025
Capillary blood collected by fingerstick or microblade devices produced metabolite profiles that were virtually identical to venous samples when the same biofluid type was compared. This validation study demonstrates that inexpensive microsampling systems can deliver comparable metabolomics data, supporting their use in decentralised diagnostics.
Quantitative comparison of whole blood, plasma and serum metabolomes across different blood collection methods — Zubkowski et al., Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- metabolome
2025
In 121 women with abnormal cervical cytology, self-collected vaginal samples detected HPV with 77.8% concordance and 75.7% sensitivity compared to clinician-collected cervical samples using the BD Onclarity assay, while spot urine samples stored under optimal conditions (BD Probe Tec container, <72 h at room temperature) achieved only 63.9% concordance and 46.4% sensitivity. This demonstrates that self-collected vaginal sampling is a viable patient-centric approach for decentralised HPV screening, though urine-based testing requires further methodological refinement to improve clinical performance.
The Utility of an Human Papillomavirus Genotype Assay for Cancer Screening in Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples from Japanese Women — Mizuno et al., Gynecologic and obstetric investigation
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
Erythropoietin was unstable in urine stored at room temperature or 37 degrees, with degradation in eight of twelve participants, while serum samples showed greater stability. Recombinant EPO detectability was identical across urine, venous serum and capillary serum collected with the Tasso+ SST device, leading the authors to recommend capillary serum collection for doping control to improve overall detection of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
Assessing EPO stability in urine and comparing recombinant EPO detectability in matched urine, venous serum, and capillary serum following a controlled epoetin alfa administration — Miller et al., Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- urine
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- doping
2025
Endogenous erythropoietin was detectable in 100% of microvolumetric capillary serum samples shipped at ambient temperature, and recombinant erythropoietin remained detectable under varied storage and shipping conditions except extreme heat, indicating that blood microsamples can be shipped without cold chain for ERA testing.
Detecting EPO in Microvolumetric Capillary Serum Shipped at Ambient Temperature for Antidoping Testing — Miller et al., Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- doping
2025
Capillary whole blood collected with RedDrop and Tasso+ devices showed excellent laboratory agreement with venous blood for complete blood count parameters except platelets, indicating that microcapillary sampling is a valid alternative to venepuncture for anti-doping athlete biological passport testing.
Comparison of Microcapillary Blood Sampling Devices for Use in Anti-Doping — Lewis et al., Drug testing and analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- doping
2025
An optimized 4D-lipidomics UHPLC-HRMS protocol using stable isotope internal standards enabled semi-quantitative profiling of 432 unique lipid features from 10 ̢L dried blood spot samples with high analytical reproducibility. The workflow demonstrates the viability of capillary blood microsampling for large-scale, remote population lipidomics and metabolic profiling.
Dried blood spot microsampling: A semi-quantitative 4D-lipidomics approach using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC - HRMS) — Roberts et al., Talanta (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- metabolome
- biomarkers
2025
Dried blood spot sampling matched venous serum performance for islet autoantibody detection and was considered minimally invasive and convenient by parents and stakeholders, supporting its use for decentralised screening in home or community settings.
Establishing the performance and acceptability of dried blood spot sampling to screen for islet-specific autoantibodies — Faustini et al., Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2025
The method quantified elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor across plasma, dried plasma spots and VAMS with good linearity, accuracy and no matrix effect. Plasma and dried plasma spot results were interchangeable, while VAMS gave lower concentrations due to high protein binding and were corrected using the haematocrit to estimate equivalent plasma levels.
A Novel LC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor in Plasma, Dried Plasma Spot (DPS) and Whole Blood in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Devices — Pigliasco et al., Pharmaceutics
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- tdm
- haematocrit
2025
In 22 adults, capillary blood collection demonstrated strong correlation with venous sampling for 66 per cent of inflammatory proteins and moderate to strong correlation for 80 per cent overall, supporting its validity for proteomic measurement in decentralised trials.
Comparing Venous vs. Capillary Blood Collection Methods for Proteomic Measurement in Peripheral Blood — Ni Lochlainn et al., Proteomics. Clinical applications
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- dct
- biomarkers
2025
The authors developed disposable, calibration-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for detecting cocaine in human saliva collected via an oral swab workflow, achieving low micromolar sensitivity with results in under five minutes, and found that food and drink residues in saliva can compromise sensor accuracy.
Single-Use Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors for Calibration-Free Measurements in Human Saliva via Dual-Frequency Approaches: Prospects and Challenges — Liu et al., Analytical chemistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- toxicology
2025
Self-collected urine and vaginal samples were tested with a new hrHPV PCR assay and compared to cervical samples. Urine showed lower sensitivity but higher specificity than vaginal and cervical samples, while vaginal samples were slightly less sensitive than cervical samples. This supports the use of self-collection for cervical screening, though urine is less sensitive than vaginal or cervical sampling.
Diagnostic accuracy of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected samples among women referred for colposcopy — Yan et al., Scientific reports
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- hpv
- sti
2025
The study compared five microsampling devices, including Mitra tips and Tasso-M20, for detecting 27 steroid esters in dried blood by LC-MS/MS, and found that methanol extraction with Girard's reagent P or T provided the best screening sensitivity with detection limits of 0.05 to 1.0 ng/mL, while methoxyamine derivatization was recommended for confirming boldenone and certain testosterone esters. The Tasso-M20 device produced chromatographic interference with methanol extraction that was only partially resolved by using mixed solvents, at the cost of lower recoveries.
Comparability of different analytical workflows for steroid esters detection in doping control field — Mazzarino et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- doping
2025
The hrHPV ReadyMix qPCR Kit detected high-risk HPV DNA in self-collected urine with 80.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to cervical swabs. Urine testing identified a similar HPV prevalence (6.28%) to cervical swabs (6.62%), suggesting this non-invasive method could expand cervical cancer screening programmes in low-resource settings.
Urinary detection of high-risk HPV DNA to enhance cervical cancer screening in developing countries — Intan et al., Microbiology spectrum
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- genotyping
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urine-based HPV testing showed broad variability in diagnostic performance, with sensitivity ranging from 44.8 to 98.6 per cent and specificity from 61 to 100 per cent against cervical specimens. High patient acceptability was reported, yet standardisation is needed before this self-collection approach can be approved for decentralised cervical cancer screening.
A Narrative Review of Urine-Based Human Papillomavirus Screening: Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities to Expand Access in the United States — Yang et al., Sexually transmitted diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
Urinary HPV testing showed lower sensitivity than cervical sampling for detecting CIN2+ (79% versus 93%) but higher specificity (58% versus 50%), and participants favoured urine self-collection. The authors conclude that while urine sampling may complement screening in resource-limited or culturally conservative settings, its suboptimal performance and absence of standardised protocols preclude its use for general population screening.
Pooled performance of urinary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for the presence of cervical HPV — Ye et al., Cancer (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- hpv
- sti
2025
In 404 symptomatic patients, self-collected nasal swabs and saliva showed almost perfect agreement with healthcare-collected nasopharyngeal swabs for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A RNA. Performance and reproducibility were favourable, and collection without viral transport media offers practical advantages for decentralised screening.
Evaluation of alternative clinical samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus by automated multiplex RT-PCR — Özarslan et al., Journal of infection in developing countries (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- serology
2025
In adults, cleaning the fingertip with an alcohol swab did not significantly change capillary glucose readings compared with handwashing, whether the alcohol was left wet or allowed to dry completely. This supports the continued safe use of alcohol swabs before capillary glucose testing in clinical and home settings.
Effect of Alcohol Swab on Blood Glucose Readings Using a Glucometer: A Quasi-Experimental Study — Al-Aithan et al., Cureus
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
2025
The review identifies neurofilament light chain, brain-derived tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein and soluble TREM2 as fluid biomarkers that could monitor axonal damage and glial activation in hereditary spastic paraplegia. It proposes that dried blood spot collection enables minimally invasive longitudinal monitoring of these biomarkers, supporting patient-centred care models for this genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease.
Fluid Biomarkers in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A Narrative Review and Integrative Framework for Complex Neurodegenerative Mechanisms — Cipriano et al., Genes
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
Volumetric dried blood spot microsampling enables retinol analysis with over 90% extraction efficiency from only 10 µL of blood, though α-tocopherol recovery ranges from 53 to 75% depending on filter paper. The method improves sample stability to 30 days at -80°C and reduces shipping volume more than a thousandfold, making micronutrient monitoring practical for decentralised settings.
Volumetric dried blood spot microsampling: A sustainable, patient-friendly, and practical approach for retinol and α-tocopherol analysis in a clinical setting — Suwanvecho et al., Methods (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- volumetric
- validation
- biomarkers
2025
A new model using sex, age and body surface area most accurately predicted one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren, outperforming eleven existing methods; this improves decentralised assessment of chemical exposure and dietary nutrient intake from first-void urine.
Prediction of one-day creatinine excretion in Japanese schoolchildren based on anthropometric measurements — Kato et al., Environmental health and preventive medicine
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- pediatric
2025
The SHERLOCK assay detected Mycoplasma genitalium in first-void urine with a limit of detection of 10 copies per reaction and achieved 91.4% overall agreement with the cobas TV/MG PCR test (positive agreement 79.6%, negative agreement 100%), supporting its potential as a rapid point-of-care test for MG.
Development and clinical evaluation of a novel SHERLOCK test for <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> — Omachi et al., Microbiology spectrum
- urine
- first-void
- validation
- sti
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