The Library
1530 papers on microsampling and monitoring, each with a finding paraphrased to our standard and labelled in one vocabulary. Every entry links to a legitimate copy; nothing is copied from an abstract.
Papers 101–199 of 199 labelled “pediatric”, newest first.
2022
In 1580 paired samples from children aged 3–17 years, saliva self-collection detected SARS-CoV-2 with 84.6% sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs, and identified eight infections missed by swabs alone. This less invasive approach offers a feasible alternative for decentralised diagnosis of COVID-19 in paediatric populations.
Salivary testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population: a diagnostic accuracy study — Hua et al., CMAJ open
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
A validated LC-MS/MS assay for furosemide in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling (10 µL) showed stability for 161 days when stored dried at -78°C, enabling decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates and children.
A whole blood microsampling furosemide assay: development, validation and use in a pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Bamat et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2022
In a Senegalese validation study of 192 infant samples, the Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 Detect point-of-care assays showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 detection with both dried blood spots and whole blood, achieving perfect agreement with reference laboratory methods. This supports decentralised early infant diagnosis in resource-limited settings, reducing turnaround time and improving linkage to care.
Validation of the point-of-care (POC) technologies Xpert HIV-1 Qual and m-PIMA HIV 1/2 detect for early diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Senegal — Ndoye et al., The Pan African medical journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Salivary glucocorticoid concentrations were comparable across Salivette Cortisol, passive drool and SalivaBio collection methods, and remained stable for 72 hours at room temperature and 4 degrees Celsius with no significant degradation after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. In children under six years, the SaliPac pacifier swab was well tolerated and collected sufficient saliva for steroid analysis in under four minutes.
Salivary Steroid Collection in Children Under Conditions Replicating Home Sampling — Tonge et al., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (paywalled)
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- validation
- acceptability
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2022
The study found that higher urinary levels of certain pesticide metabolites were significantly associated with increased risk of acute lower and upper respiratory infections in children under five, particularly in those older than two years. This supports the use of decentralised urine microsampling for environmental exposure and child health studies.
Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study — Akyeampong et al., Environmental health insights
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- toxicology
2022
Saliva self-collected by children within minutes of eating showed reduced SARS-CoV-2 detection for over half of foods tested, but a 20-minute waiting period restored accurate results in nearly all cases. This provides evidence that fasting is unnecessary for decentralised viral testing, offering a practical protocol for home collection.
Food for thought: Eating before saliva collection and interference with SARS-CoV-2 detection — Hernandez et al., Journal of medical virology
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2022
Optimal sleep behaviours at 8 months positively predicted cognitive and language abilities at 14 months in infants. Salivary cortisol analysis also revealed that optimal toddler sleep correlated with higher morning cortisol, linking early sleep patterns to stress axis development.
Infant sleep behaviors relate to their later cognitive and language abilities and morning cortisol stress hormone levels — Hernandez-Reif & Gungordu, Infant behavior & development (paywalled)
- saliva
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2022
Retrospective analysis of 15,218 paired samples from two paediatric centres showed capillary blood counts differ systematically from venous results, with haemoglobin 6.5 g/L higher and platelet count 7.01 × 10⁹/L lower on average. This large-scale evidence enables accurate interpretation of capillary samples in children, which is crucial for patient-centric microsampling in decentralised diagnostics.
Differences between capillary and venous blood counts in children-A data mining approach — Becker et al., International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2022
In a Ugandan cohort, 96% of participants successfully collected at least 16 of 24 requested at-home dried blood spots, with strong correlation (R=0.93) between parasite RNA detected in self-collected spots and venous blood. The method was well tolerated, indicating self-collected DBS can reliably support decentralised malaria surveillance in endemic settings.
Feasibility of community at-home dried blood spot collection combined with pooled reverse transcription PCR as a viable and convenient method for malaria epidemiology studies — Hergott et al., Malaria journal
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2021
The honest counterpoint in children: VAMS predicted plasma vancomycin only modestly, venous/arterial VAMS was more accurate than capillary, and 29% of capillary samples were unusable for collection issues: collection technique and training matter as much as the assay.
Comparison of antibiotic sampling techniques: predicting plasma vancomycin from VAMS capillary versus venous/arterial whole blood — Downes et al., Open Forum Infect. Dis.
- vams
- blood
- tdm
- haematocrit
- dried
- antimicrobials
- capillary
- pediatric
- validation
2021
An ambient-temperature DNA Genotek device recovered 94.5% of the metabolites seen in flash-frozen aliquots with strong agreement: room-temperature stabilisation can stand in for immediate freezing.
An ambient-temperature stabilisation device performs comparably to flash-frozen collection for stool metabolomics in infants — Ramamoorthy et al., BMC Microbiology
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- metabolome
- validation
- pediatric
2021
A study of 39 paediatric transplant recipients found capillary VAMS microsampling agreed closely with venous sampling for tacrolimus, with 92% of predose and 88% of postdose pairs within ±20% difference. Although sampling was performed in-clinic rather than at home, VAMS shows feasibility for patient-centric, decentralised monitoring.
Tacrolimus Measured in Capillary Volumetric Microsamples in Pediatric Patients-A Cross-Validation Study — Kindem et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring
- blood
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2021
Two home-use capillary blood collection kits for HbA1c measurement produced results within 5% of venous values for 96% to 99% of samples across different shipping conditions. The kits were easy to use and yielded comparable results to venous specimens for both paediatric and adult participants, supporting their use in decentralised clinical research and care.
An Evaluation of Two Capillary Sample Collection Kits for Laboratory Measurement of HbA1c — Beck et al., Diabetes technology & therapeutics (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2021
A pilot study in 10 child-parent dyads showed that collecting saliva at clinic and home is feasible, with parent attachment avoidance linked to higher parent cortisol in clinic and higher child cortisol at home, and parent-child cortisol levels correlated in clinic but not at home.
Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Stress Elevation and Synchrony in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Patient-Parent Dyads — Scott et al., The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
2021
Children with higher temperamental surgency had greater total diurnal cortisol output, but care setting did not moderate this relationship. The study shows saliva cortisol collection is feasible from toddlers in both home and centre-based environments, supporting decentralised pediatric research designs.
Child Temperament and Total Diurnal Cortisol in Out-of-Home Center-Based Child Care and in At-Home Parental Care — Tervahartiala et al., Child development
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2021
A capillary blood glucose threshold of 2.6 mmol/L measured before the second feed predicted neonatal hypoglycaemia within 24 hours with an area under the ROC curve of 0.96. This could allow 60 per cent of babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes to avoid extended inpatient monitoring, enabling earlier discharge and home-based care.
Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study — Park et al., BMC pregnancy and childbirth
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- pediatric
2021
In paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, infliximab levels measured from dried capillary blood spots strongly correlated with venous serum concentrations, with a mean difference of -0.14 μg/mL and excellent interclass correlation coefficient of 0.998. This demonstrates that finger-prick microsampling is a patient-friendly alternative to venepuncture for therapeutic drug monitoring of biologics in children.
Infliximab Level Between Venous and Capillary Blood Using Novel Device Strongly Correlate in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients — Zijlstra et al., Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- neoteryx-mitra
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- biologics
2021
Salivary cortisol was measured over two days in children at 3.5 years; afternoon cortisol was higher on childcare days than home days in the out-of-home group, suggesting afternoons in out-of-home childcare may activate the stress response in young children.
Children's diurnal cortisol output and temperament in two different childcare settings at 2 and 3.5 years of age — Tervahartiala et al., Developmental psychobiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
2021
A hybrid trial in 99 toddlers achieved 97% adherence to electronic symptom diaries and obtained valid home-collected nasal swabs in 81% of acute respiratory infection episodes, demonstrating that decentralised procedures with parental self-sampling can reliably support respiratory virus diagnosis in paediatric vaccine trials.
Feasibility of a hybrid clinical trial for respiratory virus detection in toddlers during the influenza season — Muñoz-Ramírez et al., BMC medical research methodology
- self-collection
- pediatric
- dct
2021
The study found that disadvantaged children had higher cortisol levels and flatter diurnal rhythms, indicating poorer stress regulation, but higher attachment to childcare providers was linked to decreasing cortisol release over time. This supports the use of saliva microsampling in decentralised studies of stress biomarkers in vulnerable paediatric populations.
Attachment and stress regulation in socioeconomically disadvantaged children: Can public childcare compensate? — Eckstein-Madry et al., Infant mental health journal
- saliva
- pediatric
- cortisol
2021
This study found that higher pre-sleep physiological stress, measured via self-collected saliva, was linked to increased cortical arousal during sleep and more consolidated rapid eye movement sleep in adolescents. The results support the use of decentralised sampling and in-home monitoring to investigate physiological interactions in natural sleep environments.
Presleep physiological stress is associated with a higher cortical arousal in sleep and more consolidated REM sleep — Pesonen et al., Stress (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2021
Home-based dried blood spot sampling from infants showed significant tracking of total cholesterol between 6 and 12 months of age. With 21% of children having elevated cholesterol, this demonstrates that decentralised microsampling can identify those needing early preventive measures.
Cholesterol at ages 6, 12 and 24 months: Tracking and associations with diet and maternal cholesterol in the Infant Cholesterol Study — Øyri et al., Atherosclerosis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2021
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) achieved excellent correlation with conventional venous sampling for iohexol quantification and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) derivation in twenty children, showing minimal bias overall. Accuracy was lower for GFR values under 60 mL/min/1.73 m², but the method proved stable for 245 days and valid across a 20–60 % haematocrit range, offering a viable decentralised alternative for paediatric renal function assessment.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol — Dhondt et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- haematocrit
2021
Self-collected saliva and urine samples from prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes revealed altered nocturnal cortisol metabolism, with lower urinary glucocorticoid metabolites and higher morning salivary cortisone levels compared with healthy controls. This demonstrates that decentralised home sampling can detect HPA axis hyperactivity in paediatric populations with endocrine disease.
Altered Cortisol Metabolism Increases Nocturnal Cortisol Bioavailability in Prepubertal Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus — Brossaud et al., Frontiers in endocrinology
- saliva
- urine
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2021
Parent-collected nasal swabs from children with respiratory infections showed 91% sensitivity and excellent agreement with nurse-collected samples for detecting viral and bacterial pathogens by PCR, whereas parent-collected saliva swabs were substantially less sensitive at 69% for viruses and 78% for bacteria. This supports decentralised paediatric diagnosis using nasal self-sampling, reducing healthcare burden while maintaining accuracy.
Prospective Study of the Performance of Parent-Collected Nasal and Saliva Swab Samples, Compared with Nurse-Collected Swab Samples, for the Molecular Detection of Respiratory Microorganisms — Woodall et al., Microbiology spectrum
- saliva
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- serology
2021
Children aged 8 to 14 living in neighbourhoods with higher concentrated poverty showed higher diurnal cortisol output when measured in saliva samples. Otherwise, cortisol output showed little association with other aspects of social disadvantage, suggesting limited support for HPA axis dysregulation as a general mechanism linking socioeconomic inequality to health outcomes in childhood.
Weak and uneven associations of home, neighborhood, and school environments with stress hormone output across multiple timescales — Malanchini et al., Molecular psychiatry (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
- biomarkers
2021
Seroprevalence among Milan schoolchildren rose from 2.8% in September 2020 to 12.5% in January 2021, with an overall seroconversion rate of 10% and no difference between those attending school in person and those switched to remote learning, suggesting schools reflected rather than amplified community transmission.
Does school reopening affect SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among school-age children in Milan? — Barcellini et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- serology
2021
This review summarises liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry assays using dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling for quantifying antimicrobial drugs in children, highlighting that VAMS reduces haematocrit bias and offers a viable alternative to traditional plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Microsampling Assays for Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drugs in Children: A Critical Review — Moorthy et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
- haematocrit
2021
The study found that adding dried blood spot collection to measure C-reactive protein was feasible and acceptable among transgender and gender-nonconforming youth aged 9 to 20 attending a clinical service, and that a composite of greater gender-based stress with lower support was associated with higher inflammation, though no individual stress or support subscale reached statistical significance.
Gender Minority Stress, Support, and Inflammation in Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth — McQuillan et al., Transgender health (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
2020
A study of three children found that the region of stool sampled did not change microbial alpha diversity, while 22 of 176 metabolites varied; homogenising the stool mattered for metabolomics and short room-temperature storage had little effect, which supports simpler home collection protocols within the limits of so small a study.
Impact of sampling regions and storage methods on fecal gut microbiome and metabolome profiles — Liang et al., mSphere
- standardised-input
- metabolome
- microbiome
- pediatric
- stool
- validation
2020
This proof-of-principle study found that baseline salivary DNA methylation, collected using the Oragene DNA kit, predicted childhood obesity three years later. A child at the 75th percentile of NRF1 methylation had a 48% chance of obesity versus 30% at the 25th percentile, showing the value of salivary microsampling for paediatric screening.
Salivary epigenetic biomarkers as predictors of emerging childhood obesity — Rushing et al., BMC medical genetics
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2020
Home dried blood spot monitoring for maple syrup urine disease raised the proportion of leucine concentrations meeting therapeutic targets by 35 per cent. More frequent self-sampling at home was associated with better biochemical control in newborns and fewer hospital visits, showing that patient-centric microsampling can improve management of inherited metabolic disorders.
The utility of dried blood spot monitoring of branched-chain amino acids for maple syrup urine disease: A retrospective chart review study — Kaur et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
2020
A targeted NGS panel using dried blood spots achieved 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing in detecting pathogenic variants across 32 samples, with average coverage of 596X. This validates microsampling for decentralised newborn screening programmes, enabling accurate genetic diagnosis from minimally invasive specimens.
A targeted gene capture next-generation sequencing panel for genetic screening of newborns — Peng et al., JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- genotyping
2020
Home-collected dried blood spots from 143 infants aged 8-14 months revealed wide variation in total cholesterol (4.1 mmol/L, range 2.3-6.6) and glycated haemoglobin (4.9%, range 3.7-6.0). Infant cholesterol correlated with macronutrient intake and maternal cholesterol, supporting decentralised paediatric screening.
Infant cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin concentrations vary widely-Associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers — Øyri et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2020
This mixed-method study demonstrated that 97% of parents successfully collected dried blood spot samples from their children, with 72% reporting the process was easy and 80% preferring home collection. The results suggest that decentralised self-sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring is feasible and can reduce stress for families managing paediatric epilepsy.
Parents' perspectives on dried blood spot self-sampling from children with epilepsy: A mixed-method study — Linder et al., Acta paediatrica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
The study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method to measure selumetinib in whole blood collected via VAMS, showing the approach is reliable and stable under various conditions. This supports decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring, particularly in paediatric populations where less invasive sampling is beneficial.
Novel LC-MS/MS method for the determination of selumetinib (AZD6244) in whole blood collected with volumetric absorptive microsampling — Voggu et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Saliva cortisol levels were 30% higher overall in toddlers receiving at-home childcare compared with centre-based care, although both groups displayed typical circadian rhythms. Home-based, patient-centric microsampling of saliva is feasible in paediatric populations, and these findings show that caregiving context must be accounted for when interpreting decentralised cortisol results.
Toddlers' diurnal cortisol levels affected by out-of-home, center-based childcare and at-home, guardian-supervised childcare: comparison between different caregiving contexts — Tervahartiala et al., European child & adolescent psychiatry
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2020
Capillary blood collected by VAMS gave cannabidiol concentrations that agreed strongly with venous plasma (R² 0.93) in five paediatric and young adult patients with Dravet syndrome. This validates VAMS as a less invasive method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabidiol, enabling personalised therapy in refractory epilepsy within decentralised settings.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique to Monitor Cannabidiol Levels in Epilepsy Patients — Dubois et al., Frontiers in pharmacology
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Acutely concussed youth studied at home showed longer sleep latency and greater fatigue than controls, with altered overnight cortisol dynamics and lower bedtime melatonin; these home-based saliva and actigraphy measures highlight decentralised endpoints for acute concussion care.
Sleep and stress in the acute phase of concussion in youth — Maerlender et al., Sports medicine and health science
- saliva
- liquid
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2020
In children with epilepsy in remote African settings, dried blood microsampling enabled therapeutic drug monitoring but showed most patients had subtherapeutic antiepileptic drug concentrations. Volumetric absorptive microsampling gave inexplicably higher results than dried blood spots, and drug levels did not correlate with seizure control.
Dried Blood Microsampling-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in Children With Nodding Syndrome and Epilepsy in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo — Velghe et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
Birth testing for HIV using dried blood spots proved acceptable in Zambia, with low maternal refusal. Yet centralised laboratory testing created operational challenges: result return varied from 51.6% to 92.1% across sites, and linkage to care for infected infants was incomplete, underscoring the need for point-of-care platforms to accelerate diagnosis and treatment.
Acceptability and feasibility of testing for HIV infection at birth and linkage to care in rural and urban Zambia: a cross-sectional study — Sutcliffe et al., BMC infectious diseases
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2020
The authors developed and validated a volumetric absorptive microsampling assay for vancomycin in whole blood that is suitable for paediatric therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancomycin remained stable in dried VAMS samples for at least 160 days at -78°C, enabling reliable quantification in clinical studies using minimal blood volumes.
A whole blood microsampling assay for vancomycin: development, validation and application for pediatric clinical study — Moorthy et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
Capillary blood sampling using volumetric absorptive microsampling demonstrated non-significant differences in cannabidiol concentrations compared to venous blood and plasma in pediatric patients treated with Epidiolex. The method requires 30 µL of sample, achieves linear quantification between 1 and 800 µg/L, and ensures analyte stability on VAMS devices for up to four weeks at room temperature.
Cannabidiol Determination on Peripheral Capillary Blood Using a Microsampling Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with On-Line Sample Preparation — Pigliasco et al., Molecules
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2020
This review highlights how low-volume, minimally invasive microsampling of matrices such as dried capillary blood, interstitial fluid and saliva can enable untargeted metabolomics and longitudinal exposome studies in children, with the potential for home self-collection to improve convenience and parental support.
Minimally Invasive Biospecimen Collection for Exposome Research in Children's Health — Petrick et al., Current environmental health reports (paywalled)
- blood
- saliva
- interstitial-fluid
- dried
- capillary
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- metabolome
2020
The study developed and validated a VAMS-based method for measuring cefepime in small volumes of paediatric blood with high accuracy and precision, enabling less invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in children. This advances decentralised, patient-centric sampling by allowing reliable pharmacokinetic studies without repeated venous draws.
Development and validation of a volumetric absorptive microsampling- liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the analysis of cefepime in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2020
In youth aged 8–16 years, first-waking saliva cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1β collected at home associate with prior-night actigraphy sleep metrics. Sleep quality confounds interpretation of salivary stress and immune biomarkers in decentralised paediatric microsampling, so protocols must account for it.
Bidirectional relationships between sleep and biomarkers of stress and immunity in youth — LaVoy et al., International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
- biomarkers
- actigraphy
- multimodal
2019
The reference systematic review and meta-analysis of needle-fear prevalence across children and adults: the quantified basis for why a proportion of any population will not present for a venous draw.
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysis — McLenon & Rogers, Journal of Advanced Nursing (paywalled)
- acceptability
- pediatric
2019
This study compared four stool collection methods for infant gut microbiome analysis via post and found that the OMNIgene•GUT kit showed the closest agreement with the frozen standard compared to swabs or plain tubes. The findings suggest that stabilised collection offers a viable decentralised solution for parents to sample infant stool at home with minimal DNA degradation.
Gut microbiome analysis by post: Evaluation of the optimal method to collect stool samples from infants within a national cohort study — Williams et al., PloS one
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- microbiome
2019
Capillary citrate specimens from finger-stick correlated strongly with laboratory INR (r=0.97) and showed equivalence to venous sampling, with 89% of results within 0.5 INR units of agreement. This method avoids venepuncture trauma in paediatric patients while maintaining diagnostic accuracy for anticoagulation monitoring.
Use of a capillary specimen in the laboratory to verify a point-of-care international normalized ratio: Avoidance of a venipuncture in a pediatric setting — Williams, International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2019
Saliva self-collection at home and during clinical procedures yielded cortisol data from 326 children, revealing genetic variants in stress-response pathways that may identify paediatric patients at risk of adverse reactions to painful procedures, supporting tailored interventions in decentralised settings.
Genetic Variants and the Cortisol Response in Children: An Exploratory Study — Ersig et al., Biological research for nursing (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
- genotyping
2019
A systematic review of dried blood spot sampling for tacrolimus monitoring across adult and paediatric organ transplant recipients demonstrated that reported analytical bias compared with venous sampling fell within acceptable limits across the majority of studies. This supports dried blood microsampling as an accurate approach for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Predictability of Capillary Blood Spot Toward Venous Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients — Gallant et al., European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2019
Isoelectric focusing from dried blood spot and capillary samples yields results identical to serum for transferrin glycosylation, with stable storage at -20 degrees Celsius for more than six months, enabling reliable diagnosis and therapy control of congenital disorders of glycosylation and supporting home self-collection for follow-up.
Transferrin glycosylation analysis from dried blood spot cards and capillary blood samples — Wolking et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
2019
A social skills intervention programme delivered in child care centres produced a significant interaction with time of day for diurnal cortisol secretion in preschool children (p = 0.04), with the intervention group showing more typical decreasing cortisol patterns throughout the day. This demonstrates that saliva-based cortisol monitoring in decentralised settings can detect clinically meaningful changes in stress physiology among paediatric populations.
Impact of a social skills program on children's stress: A cluster randomized trial — Larose et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology (paywalled)
- saliva
- pediatric
- cortisol
2019
Parents of hospitalised children had lower morning saliva cortisol levels on the ward than when self-sampling at home four weeks later, while postawakening cortisol and cortisol awakening response did not differ between settings. This demonstrates that self-collected saliva can capture setting-specific differences in stress biomarkers, supporting decentralised studies of caregiver wellbeing.
The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital — Angelhoff et al., Nursing open
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
The authors developed and validated an LC-MS/MS assay for THC, CBD and CBN from 20 µL VAMS blood samples with linear calibration curves and inter-day accuracies of 94.4 to 107 per cent, then applied it to a pediatric pharmacokinetic study, demonstrating that patient-centric microsampling can support decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring of cannabinoids in children.
A patient-centric liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry microsampling assay for analysis of cannabinoids in human whole blood: Application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study — Moorthy et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
HPLC-MS/MS methods for midazolam and 1-OH midazolam in wet whole blood and dried blood collected on VAMS were developed and validated, meeting international guideline criteria; a strong correlation between wet and dry concentrations was observed, indicating VAMS is suitable for paediatric clinical studies.
Validation of methods for determining pediatric midazolam using wet whole blood and volumetric absorptive microsampling — Abu-Rabie et al., Bioanalysis (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
Guardian-collected capillary dried blood spots were feasible for home monitoring of lamotrigine, and for carbamazepine and valproic acid when conversion factors were applied, with only 4 of 190 comparisons risking a conflicting dose decision and negligible risk of patient harm. Levetiracetam DBS showed high variability against plasma and is recommended only for checking nonadherence, not for dose adjustment.
Dried Blood Spot Self-Sampling by Guardians of Children With Epilepsy Is Feasible: Comparison With Plasma for Multiple Antiepileptic Drugs — Linder et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2019
In ten healthy volunteers, radiprodil pharmacokinetics measured by Aqua-Cap™ Drummond microsampling closely matched conventional venous blood draws, whereas Mitra™ microsampling gave marginally lower exposure values. Both microsampling methods fell within the accepted bioequivalence range, indicating they could enable patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring and future paediatric decentralised trials.
A pharmacokinetic study of radiprodil oral suspension in healthy adults comparing conventional venous blood sampling with two microsampling techniques — Sciberras et al., Pharmacology research & perspectives
- blood
- capillary
- vams
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2019
In extremely preterm-born children, salivary cortisol and DHEA at age 6 correlated inversely with early postnatal growth measures and positively with systolic blood pressure, and DHEA was higher than in term-born children, suggesting perinatal programming of cardiometabolic risk.
Adrenal function links to early postnatal growth and blood pressure at age 6 in children born extremely preterm — Watterberg et al., Pediatric research
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2019
The validated LC-MS/MS method showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles for albendazole and its metabolites across plasma, whole blood, dried blood spots and Mitra microsamples from hookworm-infected adolescents, supporting microsampling for paediatric pharmacokinetic studies. Mitra extraction proved more robust than dried blood spots during validation and is recommended for future albendazole pharmacokinetic work, despite higher albendazole sulfone concentrations observed in both microsampling devices compared with wet matrices.
Pharmacokinetics of Albendazole, Albendazole Sulfoxide, and Albendazole Sulfone Determined from Plasma, Blood, Dried-Blood Spots, and Mitra Samples of Hookworm-Infected Adolescents — Schulz et al., Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2019
In a rural Indian cohort of 712 infants, each additional childhood adversity factor was associated with a 6.1% increase in hair cortisol concentration, while diurnal salivary cortisol measures showed no association. This demonstrates that chronic stress biomarkers can be reliably measured from hair and saliva collected during home visits, supporting decentralised paediatric research in low-resource settings.
The contribution of childhood adversity to cortisol measures of early life stress amongst infants in rural India: Findings from the early life stress sub-study of the SPRING cluster randomised controlled trial (SPRING-ELS) — Bhopal et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2018
A study of 307 youth aged 10 to 14 years found that DNA extracted from saliva collected with Oragene kits was suitable for genotyping the OXTR rs53576 variant. This supports decentralised paediatric genetic testing, although the study was limited by its reliance on a community sample.
Depression in early adolescence: Contributions from relational aggression and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene — Kushner et al., Aggressive behavior (paywalled)
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- saliva
- genotyping
2018
The study found substantial agreement between serum tobramycin and vancomycin concentrations collected from existing peripheral or central venous catheters and those obtained by venipuncture or fingerstick in pediatric patients. This suggests that using a strict flush and waste protocol allows for therapeutic drug monitoring without additional painful needle sticks, thereby improving patient satisfaction.
Therapeutic antibiotic serum concentrations by two blood collection methods within the pediatric patient: A comparative effectiveness trial — Lichliter et al., Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- antimicrobials
2018
A dried blood spot LC-MS/MS method was validated for therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid. Concentrations from dried blood spots correlated strongly with plasma (R² 0.92) across venous and capillary samples, enabling home self-collection and reducing clinic visits for children with epilepsy.
Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid in dried blood spots with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; method development and validation — Linder et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
2017
This study in children with epilepsy demonstrated strong correlation between dried blood spot and plasma concentrations for carbamazepine, lamotrigine and valproic acid. While lamotrigine concentrations were directly comparable, conversion factors were required for carbamazepine (18% higher bias) and valproic acid (35% lower bias), supporting the feasibility of home sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring and its potential to simplify care and reduce costs.
Comparison between dried blood spot and plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A step towards home sampling — Linder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2017
Clinical validation in twenty-eight children showed that dried blood spot sampling predicted venous tacrolimus concentrations adequately, with ninety-five percent of predicted-to-observed ratios between 0.74 and 1.28 and median prediction error below fifteen percent, whereas mycophenolic acid predictions were more variable, indicating semiquantitative utility. The authors concluded that home-based dried blood spot collection is suitable for tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatric transplant recipients.
Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid in Children: Analytical and Clinical Validation — Martial et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2017
Dried VAMS and DBS samples collected at home and analysed after a median of three days showed poor agreement with standard venous or capillary blood for HbA1c monitoring. In contrast, wet VAMS samples analysed immediately demonstrated excellent agreement, indicating that sample drying and delayed analysis compromise reliability for decentralised HbA1c measurement.
Volumetric absorptive microsampling at home as an alternative tool for the monitoring of HbA1c in diabetes patients — Verougstraete et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- dried
- capillary
- vams
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
2017
Almost all Chilean adolescents and young adults found self-collection easy for STI testing. Most preferred it to clinician-collected samples and said they would test more often if self-collection were available, supporting its use in decentralised screening programmes.
[Adolescents find it easy to collect their own samples to study sexually transmitted infections] — Huneeus et al., Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia (paywalled)
- urine
- self-collection
- acceptability
- pediatric
- sti
2017
Saliva self-collection with Oragene tubes enabled genotyping of COMT polymorphisms in children, revealing that the AA genotype buffers the negative effect of authoritarian parenting on long-term executive dysfunction after early childhood traumatic brain injury. This demonstrates how decentralised genetic sampling can support longitudinal neurodevelopmental studies in paediatric populations.
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotypes and Parenting Influence on Long-Term Executive Functioning After Moderate to Severe Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study — Kurowski et al., The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
- genotyping
2017
First-void urine testing showed significantly lower overall HPV DNA prevalence in vaccinated male adolescents at 4.1 per cent compared with 10.1 per cent in unvaccinated adolescents, with HPV-16/18 prevalence reduced to zero in the vaccinated group four years after vaccination. The results support bivalent vaccine protective efficacy in men and demonstrate that decentralised HPV screening using self-collected first-void urine is feasible in an adolescent screening context.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence in Male Adolescents 4 Years After HPV-16/18 Vaccination — Lehtinen et al., The Journal of infectious diseases (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- hpv
- sti
2017
Maltreating families showed lower initial adherence to home salivary cortisol sampling than nonmaltreating families, but achieved comparable compliance after receiving additional support and resampling opportunities. Electronic monitoring devices enabled tracking of collection protocol adherence, showing that targeted support facilitates reliable self-collection in vulnerable populations for decentralised diagnostics.
Adherence to Diurnal Cortisol Sampling Among Mother-Child Dyads From Maltreating and Nonmaltreating Families — Valentino et al., Child maltreatment (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- cortisol
2017
A UHPLC-MS/MS assay for risperidone, aripiprazole, pipamperone and their metabolites in dried blood spots was validated for therapeutic drug monitoring. The method proved accurate across haematocrit values of 30-45 percent, remained stable for ten days at room temperature, and was successfully applied to patient samples, enabling decentralised monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Dried Blood Spots Combined With Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of the Antipsychotics Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Pipamperone, and Their Major Metabolites — Tron et al., Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- haematocrit
2017
The authors contend that dried blood spot specimens are necessary for equitable access to HIV viral load monitoring in infants and children where paediatric venipuncture capacity is constrained in low- and middle-income countries. They emphasise that patient-centric microsampling is critical given lower pediatric viral suppression rates, adherence challenges and limited antiretroviral formulations.
Routine viral load monitoring in HIV-infected infants and children in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities — Arpadi et al., Journal of the International AIDS Society
- blood
- pediatric
2017
In low income children, lower cortisol output strengthened the association between lack of routine and poorer emotion regulation, suggesting that underlying stress biology may shape how home environment influences child emotion regulation.
Child cortisol moderates the association between family routines and emotion regulation in low-income children — Miller et al., Developmental psychobiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hormones
- cortisol
2016
OMNIgene GUT vials improved stool DNA quality by reducing shearing, but storage for one week altered microbiota composition in pooled infant and elderly data, with infant samples more affected. For decentralised collection, extraction within the first week and a consistent storage regime are advisable.
Effect of room temperature transport vials on DNA quality and phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiota of elderly adults and infants — Hill et al., Microbiome
- stool
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-omnigene
- validation
- pediatric
- microbiome
2016
Home DBS sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring in children cut total costs per draw by 43% for haemato-oncology patients and 61% for renal transplant patients from a societal perspective, with smaller savings from a healthcare-only viewpoint. The findings support decentralised diagnostics in paediatric care by quantifying the economic advantage of reducing hospital visits.
Cost Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot Home Sampling as Compared to Conventional Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children — Martial et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- tdm
- economics
2016
Saliva microbiomes stored in OMNIgene medium remained stable for at least one week at room temperature. Dental plaque collected by scaler or CytoSoft brush showed minimal taxonomic differences, while plaque stored in OMNIgene exhibited higher diversity and greater similarity between samples than plaque in liquid transport medium. These results inform ambient stabilisation protocols for decentralised oral microbiome collection.
Effects of Specimen Collection Methodologies and Storage Conditions on the Short-Term Stability of Oral Microbiome Taxonomy — Luo et al., Applied and environmental microbiology (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- pediatric
- microbiome
2016
Dried blood spot sampling of 919 school-aged children in a field setting identified low hepatitis A endemicity (20.7% seroprevalence overall) but very high susceptibility in children under five (94.7%). This shows DBS can enable decentralised infectious disease screening in paediatric populations without requiring venous blood draws.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence in public school children in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, prior to the introduction of the hepatitis A universal childhood vaccination — Kury et al., Cadernos de saude publica (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2016
A review of the Zambian National Dried Blood Spot Registry identified 17 HIV-positive infants among 459 tested by DBS DNA PCR across five facilities, yielding a transmission rate of 3.7 per cent. Programmatic risk factors for mother-to-child transmission included late antenatal care presentation, home delivery, maternal refusal of treatment and loss to follow-up, underscoring the role of DBS-based infant screening in exposing service gaps as Zambia scaled up lifelong combination ART for pregnant women.
Identifying Gaps in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV: A Case Series of HIV-positive Infants in Zambia — Bonawitz et al., The Pediatric infectious disease journal (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2016
DNA from dried blood spots extracted with a home-made buffer yielded more DNA than a commercial kit at similar quality, and duplex allele-specific qPCR accurately identified all HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 alleles in 558 children, reducing genotyping costs by 60 per cent for population-wide celiac disease and type 1 diabetes screening.
A population-wide applicable HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping using DNA from dried blood spots and duplex allele-specific qPCR amplification — Aguayo-Patrón et al., Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- economics
- genotyping
2016
In children with type 1 diabetes, ambulatory glucose profile showed mean absolute relative difference of 9.56% versus laboratory random glucose and 15.07% versus capillary glucose, with linear regression coefficients of 0.93 and 0.89 respectively, indicating acceptable agreement for outpatient glycaemic monitoring.
Evaluation of accuracy of ambulatory glucose profile in an outpatient setting in children with type 1 diabetes — Hulse et al., Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- cgm
- multimodal
2016
An LC-MS/MS method accurately quantified hydroxyurea from small volumes of dried blood collected on DMPK-C cards and VAMS devices across a linear range of 0.5 to 60 μg/mL with comparable performance. This enables therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic assessment in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients using capillary heel- or finger-prick sampling.
Stable-Isotope Dilution HPLC-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantifying Hydroxyurea in Dried Blood Samples — Marahatta et al., Clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- vams
- dbs
- neoteryx-mitra
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
2015
The study identified a mutation in the amelogenin gene from saliva samples collected using self-collection kits, which showed a statistically significant correlation with high caries experience in children. These results suggest that non-invasive genetic screening from saliva could facilitate early risk assessment for dental caries.
Association of Amelogenin with High Caries Experience in Indian Children — Saha et al., The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oracollect
- self-collection
- pediatric
- genotyping
2015
Capillary dried blood spots collected at home by pediatric transplant patients and mailed to the laboratory gave tacrolimus and sirolimus results that were clinically comparable to venous whole blood, with small negative biases within acceptable limits, enabling remote therapeutic drug monitoring.
Tacrolimus and sirolimus in capillary dried blood spots allows for remote monitoring — Dickerson et al., Pediatric transplantation (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- self-collection
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2015
Dried capillary blood spots taken by heel prick are the established standard for neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening, with abnormal results requiring immediate confirmatory venous testing. Prompt levothyroxine treatment based on early microsampling prevents mental retardation, as IQ correlates inversely with age at diagnosis.
Congenital hypothyroidism — Agrawal et al., Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- pediatric
2015
Frequent antiretroviral resistance was detected among HIV-infected orphaned children in rural Tanzania, with dried blood spots enabling resistance genotyping alongside plasma in this decentralised paediatric clinic. The high prevalence of resistance limited virological response to therapy, demonstrating the clinical value of microsampling for screening in resource-limited settings.
Frequent detection of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected orphaned children followed at a donor-funded rural pediatric clinic in Dodoma, Tanzania — Meini et al., AIDS research and human retroviruses (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- pediatric
- serology
2015
Capillary thyroid stimulating hormone values in the 4-6 mU/L range in children with Down syndrome rarely indicate true hypothyroidism, as venous free thyroxine was normal in almost all cases. The authors propose a decentralised screening algorithm that uses repeat finger-prick testing after six months rather than venepuncture for school-aged children with borderline elevations, which could reduce patient burden and support patient-centric care.
Screening for hypothyroidism in Down syndrome using the capillary thyroid stimulating hormone method — McGowan et al., The Journal of pediatrics (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- hormones
2015
MiniCollect 3.2% citrate small-volume tubes give PT/INR results equivalent to standard venipuncture and are suitable when a small blood volume is preferred; EDTA tubes do not agree with standard sampling.
Evaluation of small-volume tubes for venous and capillary PT (INR) samples — Onelöv et al., International journal of laboratory hematology (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2015
The DNA Genotek Oragene RNA assay yielded approximately four times more RNA from neonatal saliva than the Qiagen RNeasy kit and showed stronger correlation with RT-qPCR performance, though it required nearly twice the extraction time; RNA integrity was comparable between the two systems.
Comparative performance analyses of commercially available products for salivary collection and nucleic acid processing in the newborn — Maron & Johnson, Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission (paywalled)
- saliva
- stabilised
- dna-genotek-oragene
- pediatric
2015
First-void urine from autistic children showed significantly elevated kininogen-1 compared with controls, suggesting urine proteomics could yield non-invasive screening markers for autism. The finding supports decentralised diagnostics because urine can be self-collected at home, even in paediatric populations, enabling remote biomarker discovery.
Urine proteome analysis to evaluate protein biomarkers in children with autism — Suganya et al., Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (paywalled)
- urine
- first-void
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2015
The study validated a commercial ELISA for measuring measles-specific IgG in capillary dried blood spots from children, finding 100% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity against matched venous serum with 92% overall agreement, then applied the method to 1,588 field-collected samples in Mexico and Nicaragua. The procedure was acceptable to surveyors and participants, showing that dried blood spots are a feasible and accurate means of assessing population immunity to measles in low-resource settings.
Use of a commercial ELISA for the detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in dried blood spots collected from children living in low-resource settings — Colson et al., Journal of medical virology (paywalled)
- blood
- dried
- capillary
- dbs
- validation
- venous-agreement
- acceptability
- pediatric
- serology
2015
Self-collected urine samples from 2034 tribal girls aged 9-25 years showed 12.9% HPV prevalence, rising to 19.2% among 18-25-year-olds. High-risk types comprised 65% of infections, with HPV16 accounting for 54%. This supports urine-based self-collection as a feasible tool for decentralised HPV screening in underserved populations.
Higher prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in adolescent and young adult girls belonging to different Indian tribes with varied socio-sexual lifestyle — Sharma et al., PloS one
- urine
- self-collection
- pediatric
- hpv
- sti
2015
Dried blood spots from finger-pricks, collected either in clinic or by families at home, showed wide fluctuations in methotrexate levels in 17 of 48 children with juvenile arthritis or dermatomyositis, indicating nonadherence. Younger age and oral administration predicted poorer adherence, while subcutaneous dosing gave higher drug concentrations, proving that decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring is feasible in paediatric patients.
Methotrexate polyglutamates as a potential marker of adherence to long-term therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and juvenile dermatomyositis: an observational, cross-sectional study — Hawwa et al., Arthritis research & therapy
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
2014
The honest counterpoint: many liquid-urine parameters, creatinine, iodine, nitrogen and minerals, remained valid after 12–15 years frozen at −22 °C without preservative.
Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical-chemical parameters under moderate freezing without preservatives — Remer, Montenegro-Bethancourt & Shi, Clinical Biochemistry (paywalled)
- pediatric
- liquid
- urine
- validation
- biomarkers
2014
European sex- and age-specific reference values for blood lipids in 13,579 children aged 2-11 were established using capillary sampling and a point-of-care analyser. These data support decentralised cardiovascular screening programmes in paediatric populations, showing boys have higher HDL-C but lower total cholesterol and triglycerides than girls.
Blood lipids among young children in Europe: results from the European IDEFICS study — De Henauw et al., International journal of obesity (paywalled)
- blood
- capillary
- pediatric
- biomarkers
2014
Dried blood spot microsampling provides a patient-centric alternative to venous sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring, with advantages of home self-collection, small sample volumes suitable for children, and analyte stability, though accuracy is affected by haematocrit and requires patient correlation studies to validate clinical equivalence.
Therapeutic drug monitoring by dried blood spot: progress to date and future directions — Wilhelm et al., Clinical pharmacokinetics
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- self-collection
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
- tdm
- haematocrit
2014
Capillary earlobe blood (20 µl) from adults yielded RNA expression results comparable to venous blood for four mRNAs and microRNA‑126. This microsampling approach may enable gene expression profiling in newborns, children and patients requiring repeated sampling or with bleeding disorders.
Capillary earlobe blood may be used for RNA isolation, gene expression assays and microRNA quantification — Wehmeier & Hilberg, Molecular medicine reports (paywalled)
- blood
- liquid
- capillary
- validation
- venous-agreement
- pediatric
2014
DNA concentration from whole saliva correlates positively with age, so children yield significantly less DNA than adults. This means saliva collection protocols for genetic studies must be adjusted for paediatric populations to ensure adequate DNA quantity for genotyping.
The effect of age on DNA concentration from whole saliva: implications for the standard isolation method — Gassó et al., American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (paywalled)
- saliva
- dna-genotek-oragene
- validation
- pediatric
- genotyping
2014
The authors developed and validated a sensitive LCMS assay for methotrexate polyglutamates in dried blood spots from finger-prick samples, demonstrating agreement with conventional HPLC-UV analysis of matched red-cell samples in 47 paediatric patients. This enables minimally invasive, parent-collected sampling at home for therapeutic drug monitoring, supporting decentralised clinical studies and care in paediatric rheumatology.
A novel dried blood spot-LCMS method for the quantification of methotrexate polyglutamates as a potential marker for methotrexate use in children — Hawwa et al., PloS one
- blood
- dried
- dbs
- validation
- pediatric
- tdm
- immunosuppressants
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