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OpenSampling

2024 · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · paywalled

Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression

Leino et al.

The finding, in our words

Head-to-head clinical validation of two VAMS devices for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with roughly 86–88% of samples within ±20% of venous.

A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.

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  1. 2023

    VAMS microsampling found no significant difference from venous blood for tacrolimus in paediatric patients; samples were stable for 14 days, with average difference between paired at-home samples of 0.12 ± 0.94 ng/mL.

    VAMS and parallel-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry for tacrolimus trough measurements at home in paediatric heart-transplant patientsZhao et al., J. Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • acceptability
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • dried
    • capillary
    • pediatric
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation
  2. 2022

    Clinical validation for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid monitoring showed that while volumetric absorptive microsampling met analytical criteria after concentration correction, conventional dried blood spots achieved superior adherence to strict clinical criteria, sample quality, and cost efficiency without significant haematocrit bias.

    Comparison of conventional dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid determinationPaniagua-González et al., Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (paywalled) · source ↗

    • blood
    • dried
    • capillary
    • vams
    • dbs
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • self-collection
    • validation
    • venous-agreement
    • tdm
    • immunosuppressants
    • economics
    • haematocrit
  3. 2026

    In lung and renal transplant recipients, VAMS sampling with LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus showed good linearity and accuracy, and with a haematocrit-adjusted conversion formula achieved clinical agreement in most samples; tacrolimus did not require haematocrit correction. The approach is virtually painless and enables richer sampling for more accurate drug exposure estimates, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.

    Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipientsJuan et al., Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · source ↗

    • blood
    • dried
    • vams
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • validation
    • venous-agreement
    • tdm
    • immunosuppressants
    • haematocrit
  4. 2026

    This review found that volumetric microsampling devices, such as Mitra, HemaPEN, HemaXis DB10, and Tasso-M20, overcome haematocrit bias, whilst Telimmune plasma separation cards enable direct plasma collection without centrifugation. These technologies support patient-centric, decentralised sampling, though the authors note that clinical validation remains limited across different drugs and patient populations.

    A Review of Blood-Based Microsampling Devices for Patient-Centered Application in Therapeutic Drug MonitoringHuhn & Scherf-Clavel, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled) · source ↗

    • vams
    • volumetric
    • acceptability
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • capillary
    • validation
  5. 2026

    In matched clinical samples from rheumatoid arthritis, VAMS and DBS showed strong agreement for methotrexate polyglutamates (slopes 0.95-1.07; bias within -4.21% to 0.36%; SRCC ≥ 0.969), with up to 100% of total MTXPG results within ±20% limits; capillary microsampling agreed closely with whole blood but differed from red blood cells, indicating matrix-specific differences that must be accounted for when interpreting against RBC-based reference values.

    Multi-Matrix LC-MS/MS Validation of Methotrexate Polyglutamates: Comparison of VAMS, DBS, and Conventional Blood Sampling in Rheumatoid ArthritisKocur et al., International journal of molecular sciences · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • dried
    • capillary
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation