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OpenSampling

2022 · Therapeutic drug monitoring · open access

Best Practices to Implement Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Clinical Practice

Francke et al.

The finding, in our words

This review outlines practical considerations for using dried blood spot microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring, including patient selection, sampling technique, transport and laboratory analysis, to support its adoption in clinical practice and reduce the need for hospital-based venous sampling.

A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.

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  1. 2026

    Clinical Validation of Venetoclax Volumetric Microsampling in Leukemia, with Whole-Blood-to-Plasma Conversion and Self-Microsampling Feasibility

    In AML and CLL, 91% of VAMS venetoclax results fell within 20% of plasma after individualised haematocrit correction; in home sampling, 18 of 21 patients self-sampled independently and 76% of returned samples were analysable, which shows home microsampling is workable, though the authors ask for multicentre validation.

    Levens et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics (paywalled) · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • oncology
    • capillary
    • validation
  2. 2026

    A Review of Blood-Based Microsampling Devices for Patient-Centered Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

    This review found that volumetric microsampling devices, such as Mitra, HemaPEN, HemaXis DB10, and Tasso-M20, overcome haematocrit bias, whilst Telimmune plasma separation cards enable direct plasma collection without centrifugation. These technologies support patient-centric, decentralised sampling, though the authors note that clinical validation remains limited across different drugs and patient populations.

    Huhn & Scherf-Clavel, Therapeutic drug monitoring (paywalled) · source ↗

    • vams
    • volumetric
    • acceptability
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • capillary
    • validation
  3. 2026

    From venipuncture to self-sampling dried blood spots: a shift in monitoring testosterone levels

    Home DBS sampling gave testosterone results that agreed well with venous blood in men on intramuscular testosterone undecanoate, but showed falsely high values in those using topical gel, likely from skin contamination. Patients preferred home collection for its convenience, suggesting DBS is viable for decentralised monitoring of injectable testosterone if patients are taught proper technique.

    Olthof et al., Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (paywalled) · source ↗

    • blood
    • dried
    • capillary
    • dbs
    • self-collection
    • validation
    • venous-agreement
    • acceptability
    • fertility
    • hormones
    • tdm
  4. 2025

    Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam - Is dried blood spot sampling suitable?

    Capillary dried blood spot concentrations of levetiracetam agreed closely with plasma, with 92.1% within 20% of the mean and no proportional bias, and capillary matched venous dried blood spot with acceptable deviations; samples remained stable during postal transit, enabling at‑home self‑sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring.

    Linder et al., Clinical biochemistry (paywalled) · source ↗

    • venous-agreement
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • dried
    • capillary
    • validation
  5. 2023

    VAMS and parallel-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry for tacrolimus trough measurements at home in paediatric heart-transplant patients

    VAMS microsampling found no significant difference from venous blood for tacrolimus in paediatric patients; samples were stable for 14 days, with average difference between paired at-home samples of 0.12 ± 0.94 ng/mL.

    Zhao et al., J. Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • acceptability
    • blood
    • dbs
    • tdm
    • self-collection
    • dried
    • capillary
    • pediatric
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation