2019 · International journal of hygiene and environmental health · paywalled
A biomonitoring assessment of secondhand exposures to electronic cigarette emissions
Johnson et al.
The finding, in our words
Non-tobacco users who attended six-hour e-cigarette events showed up to 13-fold increases in urinary cotinine and significant rises in salivary cotinine, both peaking four hours after exposure, with acrolein metabolites also increasing but tobacco-specific nitrosamines unchanged. The multi-timepoint collection of urine including first-void specimens and saliva demonstrates how exposure biomarkers can be tracked through biological samples collected outside a clinic setting.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
First-void urine samples from 85 Austrian school children aged six to ten showed frequent low-level exposure to mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, with 22 percent exceeding the tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol and some facing possible health risks from ochratoxin A. The results support urine microsampling for decentralised exposome monitoring in paediatric populations.
DNA methylation markers in first-void urine effectively detect high-grade cervical lesions in HPV-positive women, with results similar to clinician-collected samples in those over 30. This enables reliable cervical cancer screening using self-collected urine, reducing the need for invasive follow-up procedures in decentralised settings.
The study found that testing for ASCL1/LHX8 DNA methylation in at-home collected first-void urine can detect most cervical cancers and high-grade precancers, supporting a fully molecular screening pathway without a clinical visit.
The study found that oral fluid microsampling using VAMS has high patient acceptability, 90% vs 28% for urine, and over 88% agreement with urine toxicology screening, making it a practical alternative for substance use disorder monitoring with reduced sample adulteration risk and lower costs.
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.