2016 · Journal of diabetes science and technology · paywalled
Redundancy in Glucose Sensing: Enhanced Accuracy and Reliability of an Electrochemical Redundant Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Sharifi et al.
The finding, in our words
A redundant continuous glucose sensor with two working electrodes achieved better accuracy (mean absolute relative deviation 10.1%) and more display time than either electrode alone in adults with type 1 diabetes over seven days. Its performance compared favourably with existing high-quality sensors.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
Over-the-counter continuous glucose monitors demonstrated reasonable agreement with overall capillary blood glucose trends in individuals without diabetes, yielding an overall mean absolute relative difference of 12.9%. However, sensor accuracy decreased following carbohydrate consumption, suggesting caution is required when using these devices for diagnostic cut-offs or exact-value monitoring.
Prakash et al., Journal of diabetes science and technology (paywalled) · source ↗
In adults with type 1 diabetes, Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3 showed high accuracy during physical activity, whereas the Simplera system was less accurate; this matters for selecting devices in decentralised monitoring.
Sanfilippo et al., Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · source ↗
Non-invasive and minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring techniques enable continuous tracking without pain, although traditional invasive methods retain superior accuracy relative to reference blood glucose measurements. Emerging wearable biosensors and alternative matrices such as interstitial fluid, saliva, and sweat offer promising solutions to enhance patient compliance and quality of life.
Ahmadian et al., Journal of medical engineering & technology (paywalled) · source ↗
Salivary cortisol is suitable as an adjunctive measure in decentralised monitoring, with lateral-flow assays providing rapid low-cost discrete measurements and wearable platforms enabling higher-frequency collection but facing biofouling and calibration challenges. Suitability requires validation in authentic saliva against reference methods, not merely low detection limits.
In healthy adults performing aerobic exercise, microneedle-based interstitial fluid lactate correlated strongly with capillary blood lactate, while sweat lactate and pH showed weaker correlations; heart rate showed a moderate correlation. These findings support the use of minimally invasive interstitial fluid lactate monitoring as a proxy for blood lactate in real-time training and decentralised care.