2018 · Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · open access
Detection of urinary Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and human papilloma virus in the first trimester of pregnancy by PCR method
Rahimkhani et al.
The finding, in our words
First-void urine is suitable for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium by PCR in first-trimester pregnancy, but it is not suitable for HPV detection, for which vaginal or cervical specimens are preferred.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
First-void urine samples showed significantly higher detection rates of HPV-specific IgG antibodies compared to midstream urine, confirming the necessity of capturing the initial stream. The study found no significant difference between 10 mL and 20 mL collection volumes, indicating flexibility in device specifications for self-collection.
The bivalent HPV vaccine showed 100 percent effectiveness against vaccine types 16 and 18 seven years post-vaccination in Thai schoolgirls, but only 32.8 percent effectiveness against other high-risk types, indicating limited cross-protection. The study used first-void urine self-collection for HPV DNA detection, demonstrating a scalable, non-invasive approach for vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised settings.
Vaccine-induced HPV antibodies from cervicovaginal secretions were detectable in first-void urine and correlated with serum levels, so one self-collected urine sample can monitor both HPV infection and immunogenicity without a blood draw; the authors see promise for decentralised follow-up after vaccination.
The study found that 10.5% of women in three districts of Tamil Nadu were HPV positive, with HPV16 and HPV6 being the most common types. This supports the use of first-void urine sampling in decentralised, patient-centric screening programmes for HPV in low-resource settings.
This meta-analysis found that HPV testing using self-collected vaginal and urine samples showed sensitivities of 88.6% and 81% for detecting cervical precancer. Using a standardised device for first-void urine increased sensitivity to 86.6%, supporting decentralised patient-centric screening, though data on specificity and specific commercial devices were not consistently reported.