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OpenSampling

2026 · Journal of clinical medicine · open access

Clinical Application of Microvolume LC-MS/MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Iwami et al.

The finding, in our words

A liquid-phase microsampling method using 2.8 µL of whole blood demonstrated strong correlation with conventional venous sampling for immunosuppressant monitoring in renal transplant recipients. This approach enables patient-centric therapeutic drug monitoring, reducing burden and supporting implementation in home-based, paediatric, and telemedicine settings.

A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.

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  1. 2026

    In lung and renal transplant recipients, VAMS sampling with LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus showed good linearity and accuracy, and with a haematocrit-adjusted conversion formula achieved clinical agreement in most samples; tacrolimus did not require haematocrit correction. The approach is virtually painless and enables richer sampling for more accurate drug exposure estimates, supporting decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.

    Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipientsJuan et al., Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · source ↗

    • blood
    • dried
    • vams
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • validation
    • venous-agreement
    • tdm
    • immunosuppressants
    • haematocrit
  2. 2026

    This study validated a method for monitoring mycophenolic acid in paediatric patients, demonstrating that quantitative dried plasma spots achieved close agreement with venous plasma. Quantitative dried blood spots showed significant haematocrit-related bias, making the plasma-based format more suitable for decentralised monitoring.

    Matrix fidelity in microsampling: Plasma-first LC-MS/MS quantification of mycophenolic acid and MPAGKocur et al., Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (paywalled) · source ↗

    • venous-agreement
    • blood
    • qdbs
    • tdm
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • pediatric
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation
  3. 2026

    Fingerstick capillary sampling showed strong agreement with venous sampling for mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, with acceptable bias and improved agreement for mycophenolic acid after haematocrit correction. This minimally invasive approach may reduce procedural burden and support outpatient or home based therapeutic drug monitoring in children.

    Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants in Children with Kidney Diseases: Validation of Fingerstick Sampling Using LC-MS/MSIshii et al., Pharmaceuticals · source ↗

    • venous-agreement
    • blood
    • tdm
    • haematocrit
    • capillary
    • pediatric
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation
  4. 2025

    A validated LC-MS/MS method for everolimus using Mitra and Capitainer devices found excellent agreement between capillary microsamples and venous whole blood in 33 adult transplant recipients. The results showed high accuracy and negligible haematocrit effects, supporting the use of microsampling for decentralised therapeutic drug monitoring.

    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and Quantitative Dried Blood Spot Methods with LC-MS/MS in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Analytical and Clinical Comparative StudyKocur et al., Molecules · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • neoteryx-mitra
    • blood
    • qdbs
    • tdm
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • capillary
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation
  5. 2025

    In children with SLE, VAMS finger-prick capillary blood gave haematocrit-adjusted MPA and MPAG concentrations indistinguishable from plasma, and the AUC from VAMS derived plasma-equivalent concentrations matched plasma AUC with R2 0.97. This supports accurate pharmacokinetically guided dosing of MMF using only three timed capillary microsamples.

    Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Combined with Mass Spectrometry to Support Pharmacokinetically-Guided Precision Dosing of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Pediatric Lupus Nephritis PatientsZhao et al., The journal of applied laboratory medicine (paywalled) · source ↗

    • vams
    • venous-agreement
    • blood
    • tdm
    • haematocrit
    • dried
    • capillary
    • pediatric
    • immunosuppressants
    • validation