Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene
Singh et al.
The finding, in our words
Graphene-based wearable biosensors show promise for non-invasive monitoring of sweat, saliva and interstitial fluid due to the material's flexibility and biocompatibility. The review identifies current fabrication challenges and future opportunities for remote disease detection using these devices.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
Wearable biochemical monitoring requires a complete measurement chain that integrates quality-controlled biofluid sampling, sensor fusion and metadata capture to convert raw sensor outputs into clinically valid digital biomarkers.
The review finds that lab-on-chip liquid biopsy technologies are sufficiently mature for distanced cancer screening and follow-up, enabling patient-centric sample collection that reduces exposure risks during pandemics.
Ferrara et al., Biosensors & bioelectronics · source ↗
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
This narrative review finds that saliva is best suited to repeated neuroendocrine and metabolic measurements during exercise, sweat is most mature for electrolyte and sweat-rate monitoring with wearable compatibility, and exhaled breath offers access to volatile metabolism but remains instrumentally demanding. Each matrix requires matching to a defined clinical or exercise question with matrix-specific validation before translational use.
Salivary cortisol is suitable as an adjunctive measure in decentralised monitoring, with lateral-flow assays providing rapid low-cost discrete measurements and wearable platforms enabling higher-frequency collection but facing biofouling and calibration challenges. Suitability requires validation in authentic saliva against reference methods, not merely low detection limits.