A skin-interfaced sensor for noninvasive monitoring of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses
Zheng et al.
The finding, in our words
The P2 One skin-interfaced sensor measured metformin and glucose in sweat with high sensitivity and linearity, enabling real-time tracking of drug absorption and excretion in human trials. In diabetic patients over four weeks, sweat metformin correlated with plasma metformin and sweat glucose correlated with blood glucose, supporting its use for PK- and PD-guided therapeutic drug monitoring in decentralised settings.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
This narrative review finds that saliva is best suited to repeated neuroendocrine and metabolic measurements during exercise, sweat is most mature for electrolyte and sweat-rate monitoring with wearable compatibility, and exhaled breath offers access to volatile metabolism but remains instrumentally demanding. Each matrix requires matching to a defined clinical or exercise question with matrix-specific validation before translational use.
The authors developed a skin-conformal wearable electrochemical sensor that passively collects sweat and simultaneously measures creatine and lactate in real time, using covalent organic frameworks to stabilise the enzymes. In preliminary human studies with healthy individuals and chronic liver disease patients, the platform tracked dynamic changes in these sweat biomarkers, suggesting a route to non-invasive continuous monitoring of liver metabolic function.
Zhao et al., Advanced materials (paywalled) · source ↗
A microneedle wearable biosensor continuously measured levodopa in interstitial fluid of Parkinson's patients and healthy volunteers, showing a 9.64% mean absolute relative difference against plasma HPLC measurements after calibration. The temporal drug profiles inversely correlated with motor performance, demonstrating potential for real-time therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dosing without repeated venous sampling.
Reynoso et al., ACS sensors (paywalled) · source ↗
Warehouse workers frequently presented with concentrated urine pre- and post-shift, and a greater within-shift worsening of urine colour was associated with higher wearable-derived ergonomic risk movement counts. The study demonstrates that self-collected urine samples combined with wearable sensor data can remotely identify hydration-related injury risk in occupational settings.
Agostinelli et al., Frontiers in public health (paywalled) · source ↗