Microneedle-Based Continuous Levodopa Monitoring in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Reynoso et al.
The finding, in our words
A microneedle wearable biosensor continuously measured levodopa in interstitial fluid of Parkinson's patients and healthy volunteers, showing a 9.64% mean absolute relative difference against plasma HPLC measurements after calibration. The temporal drug profiles inversely correlated with motor performance, demonstrating potential for real-time therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dosing without repeated venous sampling.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
Wearable biochemical monitoring requires a complete measurement chain that integrates quality-controlled biofluid sampling, sensor fusion and metadata capture to convert raw sensor outputs into clinically valid digital biomarkers.
This review assesses wearable sensors for the continuous biochemical monitoring of body fluids such as sweat, saliva and interstitial fluid, confirming their potential for decentralised healthcare through pilot trials. It emphasises that successful clinical translation depends on large-scale validation and the integration of ethical and sociocultural considerations.
Continuous glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid provides diabetes patients with a tool for insulin dosing and diet planning that avoids the pain and inconvenience of fingerstick testing. Wearable sensors can also track lactate, sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions in sweat, and as methods to correlate these with blood concentrations improve, the technology will become valuable for monitoring people under extreme physiological stress.
Gao et al., Journal of applied physiology (paywalled) · source ↗
In AML and CLL, 91% of VAMS venetoclax results fell within 20% of plasma after individualised haematocrit correction; in home sampling, 18 of 21 patients self-sampled independently and 76% of returned samples were analysable, which shows home microsampling is workable, though the authors ask for multicentre validation.
Levens et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics (paywalled) · source ↗
Guidance on capillary-to-plasma conversion: method- and analyte-specific clinical validation with paired capillary–venous samples before reporting plasma-equivalent results.
Boffel et al., Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (paywalled) · source ↗