Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical-chemical parameters under moderate freezing without preservatives
Remer, Montenegro-Bethancourt & Shi
The finding, in our words
The honest counterpoint: many liquid-urine parameters, creatinine, iodine, nitrogen and minerals, remained valid after 12–15 years frozen at −22 °C without preservative.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
Urinary NGAL measured from dried urine spots collected on Capitainer qDBS discs correlated strongly with liquid urine measurements (R² = 0.98) and showed good agreement, with a median recovery of 95.4%. This validates volumetric dried urine microsampling for decentralised kidney injury biomarker testing in paediatric populations.
Sütterlin et al., Biomedicines (paywalled) · source ↗
A 2025 review maps 28 microsampling devices, from dried spots and volumetric absorptive tips to upper-arm liquid capillary collectors, and names what a laboratory must control before their results are used: the haematocrit effect in non-volumetric dried samples, interstitial fluid from finger milking, volume, haemolysis and transport stability. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic ask for the same two things, a device the patient can use safely and a sample fit for the test.
This paper describes a handheld electrochemical sensor for vitamin C measurement in saliva and urine, showing a linear range from 0.2 to 200 µm and detection limit of 0.03 µm. The device demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and recovery in human samples, suggesting potential for affordable home-based testing of vitamin C status.
Fu et al., Advanced healthcare materials (paywalled) · source ↗
This review surveys the use of tumour-derived cell-free DNA in urine for detecting non-urological cancers, covering methodological challenges such as DNA methylation analysis and transrenal transport mechanisms, and argues that urine self-collection could enable convenient home-based cancer screening at a curable stage.