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OpenSampling

2023 · Clinical proteomics · open access

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers in saliva by transcriptomic and proteomics analysis

Marin et al.

The finding, in our words

Mass spectrometry identified SARS-CoV-2 proteins in all self-collected saliva samples from people with COVID-19, while rRT-PCR detected viral RNA in only 57 per cent of the same samples, indicating that proteomic analysis may offer greater sensitivity for diagnosis and monitoring, especially in cases with low viral load.

A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.

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  1. 2025

    A coffee-ring biosensor detected sepsis, COVID-19 and cancer proteins from self-collected saliva down to 3 pg/ml within 12 minutes, achieving sensitivity more than 100-fold higher than lateral flow assays. The system uses a smartphone camera and AI analysis, providing a rapid, affordable platform for decentralised protein diagnostics.

    Plasmonic coffee-ring biosensing for AI-assisted point-of-care diagnosticsBehrouzi et al., Nature communications · source ↗

    • self-collection
    • serology
    • liquid
    • saliva
    • biomarkers
  2. 2026

    This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly reduced salivary interleukin-6 levels in mothers with postnatal depression.

    Community singing intervention reduces maternal salivary cytokines and enhances maternal-infant cortisol synchrony in postnatal depression: biological findings from the SHAPER-PND trialKirkpatrick et al., Brain, behavior, and immunity (paywalled) · source ↗

    • dct
    • cortisol
    • self-collection
    • pediatric
    • hormones
    • liquid
    • saliva
    • biomarkers
  3. 2026

    In people at high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, saliva showed decreased EBV load and increased EBV DNA methylation compared with controls, and a stepwise strategy that adds saliva testing to serum EBV antibodies improved triage efficiency.

    Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA methylation and load in saliva in the management of individuals at high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinomaZheng et al., Biomarker research · source ↗

    • serology
    • liquid-biopsy
    • liquid
    • saliva
    • biomarkers
  4. 2025

    This paper describes a handheld electrochemical sensor for vitamin C measurement in saliva and urine, showing a linear range from 0.2 to 200 µm and detection limit of 0.03 µm. The device demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and recovery in human samples, suggesting potential for affordable home-based testing of vitamin C status.

    A Multi-Channel Handheld Diagnostic Device Based on Green Biomimetic Material for Point-of-Care Testing of Vitamin C in Human FluidsFu et al., Advanced healthcare materials (paywalled) · source ↗

    • saliva
    • urine
    • liquid
    • self-collection
    • biomarkers
  5. 2025

    Oral sponge saliva RT-PCR achieved 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs in 3,488 symptomatic and asymptomatic adults, while buccal swab performance varied with infection history and symptoms. The rapid antigen test showed 66.9% sensitivity overall, increasing to 97% in high viral load samples. Oral sponge collection permits self-sampling without laboratory pre-analytical steps, offering a robust method for decentralised SARS-CoV-2 screening.

    Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 screening tests: a national prospective analysisAlthaus et al., BMC infectious diseases · source ↗

    • self-collection
    • serology
    • liquid
    • validation
    • saliva