Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and the impact of the family environment: A pilot study of the Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) prevention program
Ping et al.
The finding, in our words
Among children of parents with bipolar disorder, saliva samples collected at home over two days showed that improvements in family organisation during a six-month prevention programme were associated with adaptive changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, including elevated cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal slope. These results indicate that decentralised saliva collection can capture clinically meaningful neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial interventions in at-risk paediatric populations.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly reduced salivary interleukin-6 levels in mothers with postnatal depression.
Higher lifetime trauma exposure in adolescent mothers was associated with higher evening salivary cortisol, and maternal trauma during pregnancy was associated with higher bedtime cortisol in infants, suggesting that self-collected saliva can capture diurnal cortisol patterns relevant to trauma research and decentralised sampling.
A validated LC-MS/MS assay successfully measured 13 steroid hormones and two synthetic steroids in saliva, requiring only 50 microlitres, or down to 2 to 5 microlitres for nine analytes. This shows saliva's viability for non-invasive, patient-centric microsampling and decentralised monitoring in paediatric, neonatal and adult populations.
Maltreated adolescents exhibited persistently flattened cortisol diurnal rhythms when saliva was collected at home, showing that decentralised, patient-centric microsampling across laboratory, home, and school settings can reveal neurobiological adaptations to chronic stress. This supports saliva self-collection as a feasible method for monitoring HPA axis dysfunction in vulnerable youth.
Latent profile analysis of more than 4000 saliva cortisol samples from children aged two, three-and-a-half, and five years identified three diurnal patterns: a predominant low/regular profile, a low/flat profile, and a high/fluctuating profile associated with home childcare, higher temperamental surgency, and maternal depressive symptoms. The study observed only moderate stability across the three-year follow-up, with half of children moving between groups, and highlights methodological issues in pediatric saliva sampling, supporting decentralised, longitudinal biomarker monitoring in early childhood.