2021 · Italian journal of dermatology and venereology · paywalled
Clinical profile and co-infections of urethritis in males
Bellinato et al.
The finding, in our words
NAAT on first-void urine is essential for identifying the cause of urethritis; dysuria is the most common symptom and purulent discharge is typical of gonococcal infection whereas transparent discharge suggests non-gonococcal pathogens, guiding decentralised diagnostic pathways.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
First-void urine samples showed significantly higher detection rates of HPV-specific IgG antibodies compared to midstream urine, confirming the necessity of capturing the initial stream. The study found no significant difference between 10 mL and 20 mL collection volumes, indicating flexibility in device specifications for self-collection.
First-void urine PCR identified Ureaplasma urealyticum in 19% of symptomatic men, alongside other pathogens, confirming that patient-collected urine samples provide valid diagnostic results for STI screening outside traditional clinical settings.
The bivalent HPV vaccine showed 100 percent effectiveness against vaccine types 16 and 18 seven years post-vaccination in Thai schoolgirls, but only 32.8 percent effectiveness against other high-risk types, indicating limited cross-protection. The study used first-void urine self-collection for HPV DNA detection, demonstrating a scalable, non-invasive approach for vaccine effectiveness monitoring in decentralised settings.
In a review of 91 human adenovirus-associated urethritis cases, dysuria occurred in 84% and meatitis in 34% of patients, with adenovirus type D being the most common subtype identified in first-void urine and urethral smears. Multiplex PCR screening for adenovirus in non-gonococcal urethritis can help establish accurate diagnoses and avoid unnecessary treatments.
The study found comparable seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis and Toxoplasma gondii among male partners of infertile couples in Odisha, with 28 per cent showing anti-Chlamydia IgA and 28 per cent anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. This demonstrates that first-void urine and seminal fluid can detect relevant infections, supporting their use in decentralised fertility screening programmes.