2024 · Nature nanotechnology · paywalled
Ye et al.
The wearable sensor measured oestradiol in sweat and showed a high correlation with blood levels, indicating that sweat can reflect circulating hormone changes across the menstrual cycle.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
2026
This study demonstrates that a memristor sensor can identify distinct electrical signatures in saliva and urine corresponding to different ovulation phases, suggesting a potential route for noninvasive home fertility monitoring.
Chen et al., ACS omega · source ↗
2026
The wearable microfluidic sensor measured sweat cortisol across a range of 0.1 fM to 100 μM with a 0.043 fM detection limit. In human volunteers it tracked diurnal rhythms and stress-induced elevations from cold-pressor and exercise tests, showing agreement with ELISA, and combined with electromyography it profiled exercise fatigue by linking muscle activity to endocrine response.
Chen et al., Biosensors & bioelectronics (paywalled) · source ↗
2022
The authors developed a flexible aptamer-based field-effect transistor biosensor that detects nanomolar cortisol in sweat. Validated in humans during a Trier Social Stress Test, it showed correlation with salivary cortisol and enabled continuous stress monitoring via a smartwatch platform.
Wang et al., Science advances · source ↗
2026
This review establishes that microsampling across blood, saliva, urine and stool matrices offers validated workflows and regulatory recognition for human biomonitoring comparable to conventional methods. It finds that these decentralised approaches enhance participant acceptability and enable screening in remote or low-resource settings.
Rajamani & Poongavanam, Critical reviews in analytical chemistry (paywalled) · source ↗
2026
Menstrual blood offers a noninvasive, patient-centric matrix for detecting endometriosis, cervical cancer, and hormonal disorders through self-collected samples. Wearable in-pad biosensors enabling real-time monitoring and long-term tracking could transform fertility evaluation and early disease detection, though standardisation and large-scale validation remain critical gaps.
Shafiq et al., Annals of medicine and surgery · source ↗