2026 · Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · open access
Diabetes and cancer: glucose control impact on survival and tumor outcomes
Ruggeri et al.
The finding, in our words
This review indicates that poor glycaemic control and increased glucose variability are associated with worse oncologic outcomes and reduced treatment efficacy in cancer patients with diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring is highlighted as a superior tool to HbA1c for capturing dynamic glucose fluctuations, potentially improving treatment tolerance and adherence.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
In adults with type 1 diabetes, Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3 showed high accuracy during physical activity, whereas the Simplera system was less accurate; this matters for selecting devices in decentralised monitoring.
Sanfilippo et al., Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · source ↗
Continuous glucose monitoring of 55 participants showed considerable interindividual variation in postprandial glycaemic responses to carbohydrate meals, with rice producing the highest overall responses. Potato-spikers were more insulin resistant with lower beta cell function, grape-spikers were more insulin sensitive, and mitigators were less effective in insulin-resistant individuals. Multi-omics profiling revealed signatures linking glycaemic responses to triglycerides, metabolites and microbiome pathways.
A scoping review of 52 studies found most were high-quality RCTs using CGM, metabolomics and microbiome analysis in endurance athletes, yet evidence linking these biomarkers to performance, recovery or long-term health remains insufficient. This gap between biomarker discovery and clinical validation must be closed before these decentralised tools can guide precision nutrition.
In a crossover trial of 23 adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, a personalised diet based on predicted postprandial glucose responses improved continuous glucose monitoring measures significantly more than a Mediterranean diet, including lower average postprandial glucose response and less time in hyperglycaemia. A six-month follow-up of the personalised diet further improved glycaemic control and metabolic health, supporting its clinical utility for decentralised diabetes management.
Post-menopausal women showed higher fasting glucose, HbA1c and inflammation, along with poorer glycaemic variability and time in range, compared to pre-menopausal women. These findings highlight the value of continuous glucose monitoring in decentralised diagnostics for identifying metabolic risks in mid-life women.