Cohort profile: the 'Biomarkers of heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes' study-a national prospective cohort study of clinical and metabolic phenotyping of individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes in the Netherlands
Aanstoot et al.
The finding, in our words
Stimulated blood C-peptide identified residual beta-cell function in an additional 10% of people with long-standing type 1 diabetes compared with fasting samples, and higher fasting C-peptide was linked to a lower risk of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. The study demonstrates how combining blood biomarkers with continuous glucose monitoring data from multiple centres can explain clinical heterogeneity, supporting decentralised metabolic phenotyping.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
The Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study integrates 14-day real-time continuous glucose monitoring with multi-omics data, including serum and faecal metabolomes, proteomes, and gut microbiome sequencing, to explore biomarkers and mechanisms of metabolic disease.
A scoping review of 52 studies found most were high-quality RCTs using CGM, metabolomics and microbiome analysis in endurance athletes, yet evidence linking these biomarkers to performance, recovery or long-term health remains insufficient. This gap between biomarker discovery and clinical validation must be closed before these decentralised tools can guide precision nutrition.
In adults with type 2 diabetes, exposure to natural daylight during office hours increased time in the normal glucose range and shifted whole-body substrate metabolism towards greater fat oxidation, suggesting that daylight could be a useful adjunct in managing glycaemic control.
Harmsen et al., Cell metabolism (paywalled) · source ↗
Continuous glucose monitoring of 55 participants showed considerable interindividual variation in postprandial glycaemic responses to carbohydrate meals, with rice producing the highest overall responses. Potato-spikers were more insulin resistant with lower beta cell function, grape-spikers were more insulin sensitive, and mitigators were less effective in insulin-resistant individuals. Multi-omics profiling revealed signatures linking glycaemic responses to triglycerides, metabolites and microbiome pathways.
The Human Phenotype Project enrolled 28,000 participants in a deep-phenotyping cohort that combines blood and microbiome sampling with continuous glucose and sleep monitoring. An AI model trained on dietary and glucose data predicted disease onset more accurately than existing methods, showing how integrating continuous digital signals with multi-omic data can support personalised risk assessment for decentralised diagnostics.
Reicher et al., Nature medicine (paywalled) · source ↗