Gut microbiome predicts personalized responses to dietary fiber in prediabetes: a randomized, open-label trial
Song et al.
The finding, in our words
A six-month trial in 802 prediabetic adults found that dietary fiber improved glycaemic control only in two of four metabolic subgroups identified by post-hoc clustering. A machine-learning model using baseline gut microbiome data predicted individual response to fiber, suggesting that stool-based microbiome testing could guide personalised dietary therapy in decentralised care.
A paraphrase to the Library’s standard, never the abstract. The source is one link away and is always the authority.
Continuous glucose monitoring of 55 participants showed considerable interindividual variation in postprandial glycaemic responses to carbohydrate meals, with rice producing the highest overall responses. Potato-spikers were more insulin resistant with lower beta cell function, grape-spikers were more insulin sensitive, and mitigators were less effective in insulin-resistant individuals. Multi-omics profiling revealed signatures linking glycaemic responses to triglycerides, metabolites and microbiome pathways.
The Human Phenotype Project enrolled 28,000 participants in a deep-phenotyping cohort that combines blood and microbiome sampling with continuous glucose and sleep monitoring. An AI model trained on dietary and glucose data predicted disease onset more accurately than existing methods, showing how integrating continuous digital signals with multi-omic data can support personalised risk assessment for decentralised diagnostics.
Reicher et al., Nature medicine (paywalled) · source ↗
In n-of-1 dietary trials, a personal gut microbial carb-sensitivity score derived from stool metagenomics correlated with glycaemic phenotypes during high-carbohydrate but not low-carbohydrate intake, and this association was validated in an independent cohort, supporting precision nutrition approaches that integrate stool microbiome signatures with continuous glucose monitoring for individualised dietary advice.
Participants with Alzheimer's disease showed a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome signature with increased Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium, and decreased Bacteroides and other beneficial genera. They also exhibited elevated gut inflammation and altered microbial metabolites, suggesting stool analysis could yield non-invasive biomarkers for dementia in care home populations.
The Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study integrates 14-day real-time continuous glucose monitoring with multi-omics data, including serum and faecal metabolomes, proteomes, and gut microbiome sequencing, to explore biomarkers and mechanisms of metabolic disease.